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为适时收获紫花苜蓿(Medicago saliva L.)及提高硒肥利用率,探索不同生育期紫花苜蓿干物质累积和土壤有效硒变动规律,采用基施硒肥的方法,研究0、0.15、0.25、0.35、0.45、0.75和1.05kg/hm27种硒肥用量对紫花苜蓿不同生育期干物质产量及土壤有效硒的影响,结果表明,基施硒肥能显著(P0.05)提高各生育期紫花苜蓿干物质产量,促进干物质快速累积,且干物质产量随施硒量增加呈先升后降趋势,以施硒0.45kg/hm2干物质产量和累积速率最大;紫花苜蓿干物质产量随生育期延长而增加,盛花期最高;而干物质累积速率呈升-降-升-降的变化趋势,峰值是分枝期和初花期,初花期最大;施硒对紫花苜蓿干物质产量和累积速率随生育期的变化无影响。施硒能提高土壤有效硒含量,并与施硒量呈正相关,以施硒1.05kg/hm2土壤有效硒含量最高,极显著(P0.01)高于不施硒土壤。试验表明,分枝期和初花期是苜蓿干物质累积关键期,应特别注意此生育期田间管理;基施硒肥能提高苜蓿各生育期干物质产量和土壤有效硒含量,促进干物质快速累积,施硒0.45kg/hm2草产量最大,且盛花期收割能获得更高产量。 相似文献
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通过田间试验,研究了硒肥基施对紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)不同形态硒含量和积累量的影响。结果表明:随着施硒量增加,紫花苜蓿全硒、无机硒、有机硒含量和积累量逐渐升高,以施硒量为1.05kg/hm2时达到最大值,同时紫花苜蓿各形态硒含量随生育期的延长而逐渐减少,而积累量却不断增加。随施硒量的增加,各生育期有机硒转化率逐渐升高,以施硒量为1.05kg/hm2的处理最高。因此,可通过基施适量的硒提高草产量,并提高硒含量和积累量以及有机硒转化率。 相似文献
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采用田间试验,研究在氮、磷、钾及微量元素充分供应情况下,基施不同量硒肥对紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)不同生育期草产量及农艺性状的影响。结果表明,施硒可不同程度地提高紫花苜蓿不同生育期草产量、干物质积累速率、株高和叶茎比。基施0.45 kg·hm-2硒的紫花苜蓿在分枝期、现蕾期和初花期,其草产量、株高和叶茎比方面均表现最佳,草产量分别比未施硒提高32.67%、24.78%和37.93%,株高分别比未施硒提高10.01%、14.00%和10.51%。叶茎比分别比未施硒提高6.43%、8.00%和12.80%。而干物质积累在分枝期、现蕾期和初花期分别以0.45、1.05和0.75 kg·hm-2处理积累速率最高。未施硒处理生长高峰出现在现蕾期,初花期有所下降,但施硒处理均进入生长高峰,积累速率继续上升。 相似文献
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基施硒肥对不同生育期紫花苜蓿吸收、转化及利用硒的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用土壤施硒方法,研究基施硒肥对不同生育期紫花苜蓿(Medicago saliva)吸收、转化和利用硒的影响.结果表明:基施硒肥能显著提升紫花苜蓿吸收外源硒的能力(P<0.05);并随生育期延伸呈先升后降的倒"V"型变化,初花期吸收硒能力最强;而紫花苜蓿硒含量随生育期的推移而降低.基施硒肥显著提高紫花苜蓿有机硒的转化率(P<0.05),当施硒量≥0.45 mg·kg-1时,有机硒转化率 > 50%.紫花苜蓿有机硒转化率随生育期的发展呈下降趋势;紫花苜蓿对硒肥的利用率很低,不超过1.5%;并随生育期的进程先升后降,初花期硒肥利用率最高.施硒量与不同生育期苜蓿硒含量之间存在极显著的线性关系(P<0.01),基施硒肥与苗期牧草硒线性方程为:y=1.9912x+0.1827(R2=0.9696),基施硒肥与分枝期牧草硒线性方程为:y=1.7394x+0.1724(R2=0.9670),基施硒肥与孕蕾期牧草硒线性方程为:y=1.5045x+0.1542(R2=0.9694),基施硒肥与初花期牧草硒线性方程为:y=1.2547x+0.1588(R2=0.9835),基施硒肥与盛花期牧草硒线性方程为:y=1.0044x+0.1500(R2=0.9904). 相似文献
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喷施亚硒酸钠对紫花苜蓿干草产量和品质的影响 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
采用叶面喷施的方法研究了3个不同施硒水平(50、100、200 mg/kg)对紫花苜蓿Medicaco sativa干草产量及品质的影响.结果表明:一年4茬每茬次干草产量都随着施硒量的增加有降低的趋势,但对不同茬次的干草产量影响不同,适量喷施硒肥可以显著提高紫花苜蓿产量(P＜0.05),年产量以施肥量50 mg/kg的亚硒酸钠最高.喷施硒肥对每茬次营养物质含量的影响不同,4个处理紫花苜蓿粗蛋白、粗灰分及植株磷含量之间差异不显著,粗纤维及粗脂肪含量则随着喷施硒量的增加而增加,粗纤维以100 mg/kg处理最高,粗脂肪以200 mg/kg处理最高,但紫花苜蓿营养物质年积累量都随着施硒量的增加而降低,其中以50 mg/kg处理最高,要显著高于对照. 相似文献
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为提高硒肥利用率,探索紫花苜蓿(Medicago saliva)吸硒特性,采用叶面施硒方法,研究硒肥对苜蓿产草量及吸收、转化、利用硒的影响。结果显示:叶面施硒能提高苜蓿产草量,并随施硒量增加呈先升后降,以施硒100 mg·kg-1增产最好,显著高于未施硒苜蓿(P<0.05),但与施硒50,70和200 mg·kg-1苜蓿差异不显著;苜蓿吸收外源硒能力随施硒量增加而提升,而有机硒转化率及硒肥利用率随施硒量提高呈先升后降趋势;施硒苜蓿有机硒转化率均显著高于未施硒苜蓿(P<0.05),但施硒苜蓿间差异不显著,而硒肥利用率以施硒50 mg·kg-1最高。 相似文献
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为探讨不同水氮供应对紫花苜蓿生长、产量和水氮利用效率的影响,确定地下滴灌紫花苜蓿栽培草地的合理施氮量和灌溉量,以紫花苜蓿‘巨能7号'为供试品种,采用田间试验,全生长季共设置4个总滴灌量水平:480mm(W1)、550mm(W2)、620 mm(W3)和690 mm(W4);施氮量共设置4个水平:无氮(N0,0)、低氮(N1,60kg·hm-2)、中氮(N2,120kg·hm-2)和高氮(N3,180kg·hm-2)结合灌溉进行,试验采用田间裂区设计,研究了不同水氮供应对地下滴灌紫花苜蓿全生长季内生长状况、产量和水氮利用效率的影响。试验结果表明:1)水氮供应对紫花苜蓿不同茬次的株高和茎粗均有不同的影响,表现为第1、2茬紫花苜蓿的株高均随施氮量和滴灌量的增加而增高,第1茬紫花苜蓿的茎粗随滴灌量的增加而增粗。2)第1、2茬紫花苜蓿干草产量均随滴灌量的增加而增加,施氮量对第1、4茬和全年的紫花苜蓿干草产量有显著的提高,其中滴灌量、施氮量和水氮互作对紫花苜蓿增产效应极显著(P0.01)。3)增加滴灌量,降低施氮量,紫花苜蓿的水分利用效率(WUE)和灌溉水利用效率(IWUE)均逐渐下降,WUE和IWUE最小值均出现在W4N0处理下,且该处理下的WUE和IWUE均明显小于其他处理。4)紫花苜蓿氮肥农学效率(ANUE)随施氮量增加在不同滴灌量下表现出不同的变化趋势,在W1、W2和W3水平下,ANUE随施氮量的增加表现为先增大后降低趋势,ANUE最大值均出现在N2水平,在W4水平下,ANUE随施氮量的增加而降低;氮肥偏生产力(PFPN)则随施氮量的增加而显著降低。ANUE随滴灌量的增加先降低后升高,而PFPN先增加后降低,说明适当增加滴灌量可以提高紫花苜蓿的ANUE和PFPN。综合考虑紫花苜蓿产量效应和资源利用、环境等综合效应,W3N2处理下(滴灌量为620mm,施氮量为120kg·hm-2)宁夏引黄灌区地下滴灌紫花苜蓿种植较为适宜。研究结果可为宁夏引黄灌区紫花苜蓿大面积推广节水、高产优质种植提供理论依据。 相似文献
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为探索外源硒引发对紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)种子抗氧化性能的影响,本试验用不同浓度(0,0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0和8.0 mmol·L-1)的亚硒酸钠溶液引发0,3,6,9和12 h后,分析其发芽率、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)及抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(aseorbate peroxidase,APX)活性的变化规律。结果表明：硒引发对紫花苜蓿种子发芽率及其抗氧化能力的影响与其浓度和引发时间有密切关系;低浓度(0.5和1.0 mmol·L-1)硒引发会提高紫花苜蓿种子的发芽率,增强其SOD,CAT,APX及POD活性,并降低其MDA含量,而高浓度硒引发则相反。浓度为0.5 mmol·L-1的硒引发12 h可能是富硒紫花苜蓿生产的最佳处理。 相似文献
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氮肥用量对粮饲兼用玉米产量和饲用品质形成的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
本研究分析了陇中黄土高原半干旱雨养农业区全膜双垄沟播模式下不同氮肥施用量(N1:0 kg·hm-2,N2:100 kg·hm-2,N3:200 kg·hm-2,N4:300 kg·hm-2)对粮饲兼用玉米(Zea mays)产量和品质形成的影响。结果表明,相同P、K肥条件下,在0~300 kg·hm-2纯N用量范围内,粮饲兼用玉米叶面积指数(LAI),叶片、叶鞘和茎秆的干物质量,持绿性,以及籽粒产量和生物产量都随施氮量的增加而增加;中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量随着施氮量的升高而降低,随生育进程增加;粗蛋白含量随着施氮量的升高而增加,随生育进程降低;相同施氮量处理下的叶片中NDF和ADF含量在不同时期均低于叶鞘;高的施氮量也有利于籽粒饲用品质的改善。因此,适量增施氮肥能明显提高粮饲兼用玉米产量,改善其品质。建议陇中旱农区采用全膜双垄沟播技术种植粮饲兼用玉米时氮肥用量为纯N 300 kg·hm-2,既能提高生物产量和籽粒产量,又能改善青贮和饲用品质。 相似文献
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在氮磷钾供应充分情况下,采用大田小区试验方法,通过播前基施硒（Se）、锌（Zn）微肥和腐殖酸（富啡酸,fulvic acid,FA）,设对照（CK,不施肥）、施氮磷钾（NPK）、增施富啡酸（NPK+FA）、增施锌、硒微肥（NPK+Zn+Se）、增施富啡酸和锌、硒微肥（NPK+FA+Zn+Se）等5个不同施肥处理,在严重缺硒和锌石灰性土壤中,研究了硒锌和富啡酸配施对紫花苜蓿叶片内过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）等抗氧化酶活性、游离脯氨酸（Pro）及丙二醛（MDA）和干草产量的影响。结果表明：两茬中叶片过氧化物酶（POD）活性均以NPK+FA处理最高,其次是NPK+FA+Zn+Se处理,说明富啡酸（FA）比微肥（Se+Zn）更能有效提高紫花苜蓿叶片过氧化物酶活性,而硒锌对其活性影响不显著;硒锌与富啡酸配施可显著提高紫花苜蓿叶片内游离脯氨酸（Pro）含量、过氧化氢酶（CAT）及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性,从而显著提高紫花苜蓿抗氧化能力;但各施肥处理对丙二醛（MDA）无显著影响。施肥可显著提高紫花苜蓿产量,施用富啡酸比硒锌微肥的增产效果更明显,且硒锌与富啡酸配施效果最好。因此,在氮磷钾供应充足条件下,适量硒锌微肥或富啡酸均能显著提高紫花苜蓿的抗氧化能力及提高紫花苜蓿产量,且微肥和富啡酸配施效果最好。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献