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根据2006-2007年南海北部陆架区4个季节的调查资料,分析该海区虾蛄类的种类组成和数量分布。结果表明,虾蛄类有15种,隶属于4科7属。虾蛄类可以分为3种生态类群：热带生态类群、热带亚热带生态类群和广温性生态类群,并以热带亚热带类群为主。依据Pinkas等（1971）提出的相对重要性指数IRI判定,优势种为口虾蛄Oratosquilla oratoria、黑斑口虾蛄Oratosquilla kempi、猛虾姑Harpiosquilla harpax、长叉口虾蛄Oratosquilla nepa、棘突猛虾姑Harpiosquilla raphidea,它们属于虾蛄科和猛虾蛄科,其渔获率（1．86kg／h）占虾蛄类渔获率（1．90kg／h）的98．17％。经济虾蛄类为口虾蛄、黑斑口虾蛄、猛虾姑、长叉口虾蛄和装饰口虾蛄Oratosquilla ornata,它们属于虾蛄科和猛虾蛄科,其渔获率（1．84kg／h）占虾蛄类渔获率（1．90kg／h）的96．85％。虾蛄类平均生物量为42．18kg／km^2,经济虾蛄类平均生物量为40．85kg／km^2。虾蛄类的区域生物量分布：B断面最高（76．27kg／km^2）,A断面最低（25．13kg／km^2）;虾蛄类生物量的季节变化：秋季最高（49．24kg／km^2）,冬季最低（32．29kg／km^2）。虾蛄类的生物量分布与水深成负相关,密集分布于10～40m深的水域,尤以10m水深附近最多,达173．40kg／km^2,10m水深附近分布种类全属于经济种类。 相似文献
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<正>黑斑口虾蛄(Oratosquilla kempi Schmitt)隶属于节肢动物门、甲壳纲、口足目、虾蛄科、口虾蛄属。笔者曾进行黑斑口虾蛄的研究,对于如何提高人工育苗的成活率有一定的体会,现与同行切磋如下,以提高黑斑口虾蛄人工育苗效果。一、适宜的黑斑口虾蛄亲体培育设施人工育苗时常遇到难以采捕到海区大量抱卵的黑斑口虾蛄(下简称虾蛄),多数是选用海捕己交配的虾 相似文献
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性别和年龄等生物学特征对口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)栖息地分布有重要影响。为探究口虾蛄空间分布与关键环境因子及生物学特性的关系, 本研究基于 2017 年 5 月山东近海底拖网调查数据, 对获得的口虾蛄样品依据性别和年龄划分, 将雌、雄和当年、非当年生口虾蛄相对生物量作为响应变量, 利用 BP 神经网络模型研究口虾蛄的栖息地分布特征, 分析不同性别、年龄口虾蛄空间分布和关键环境因子的关系。结果表明, 春季雌、雄口虾蛄分布无明显差异, 均分布于近岸海域; 当年生口虾蛄在各调查站位均匀分布, 而非当年生口虾蛄更趋向于近岸集中分布。通过逐步法筛选出经度、表层温度、表层盐度和水深为关键环境因子, 对口虾蛄相对生物量有显著影响。 雌雄口虾蛄适宜栖息环境存在性别差异, 其中在经度 120.5°E~121.5°E 范围内, 雌性口虾蛄的适宜性高于雄性, 且对盐度的适宜性相对较高; 对低温和水深的适应范围雄性较雌性更好。非当年生口虾蛄对关键环境因子的变化更为敏感, 其中当年生对低经度的适宜性高于非当年生口虾蛄, 而对较高经度和较浅水深的适宜性较差。本研究通过对不同性别和年龄间的空间分布和关键环境因子的适宜性进行比较、分析, 揭示了除环境因素外口虾蛄自身生物学特征对其栖息地和资源量的影响, 旨为山东近海口虾蛄栖息地的保护和资源的合理利用提供参考。 相似文献
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根据 2017 年冬、夏季在山东海域进行的底拖网调查数据, 分析了口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)肥满度的变化, 并应用 GAM 模型分析了肥满度与海洋环境因子、种群结构以及生物因素等 3 类因子之间的关系。研究表明, 山东海域口虾蛄评估肥满度接近 1.1, 冬季肥满度高于夏季, 在北部和东部海域肥满度较高, 南部近岸海域口虾蛄的肥满度较低。个体大小对于肥满度影响最大, 小个体的肥满度略大于大个体, 两个季节不同性别间肥满度差异较小。 夏季口虾蛄肥满度随种群密度的增加逐渐上升, 冬季种群密度对口虾蛄肥满度的影响不大。夏季温度和水深的变化对口虾蛄肥满度大小的影响较小, 冬季口虾蛄肥满度大小变化受温度、水深的影响较大。饵料生物对口虾蛄肥满度呈现出显著影响(P＜0.01)。口虾蛄肥满度的变化与其摄食、繁殖和越冬等生物学过程紧密相关。通过研究发现, 种群结构(种群密度、体长、性别)、环境因子(海水温度、水深、底质类型)和饵料生物对口虾蛄肥满度大小呈现显著影响(P＜0.01), 初步阐明了口虾蛄肥满度与种群结构、环境因子及生物因素之间的关系。 相似文献
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通过测量口虾蛄与黑斑口虾蛄的长度指标与质量指标,来研究和比较两者生长模式;通过测定两者肌肉的生化组成及其含量,评价与比较其营养价值,探讨生化成分与其生长、繁殖的关系。结果表明:二种虾蛄的长度指标之间呈显著的线性关系,质量指标之间也呈显著直线关系,质量指标与长度指标呈幂函数关系;在生长过程中,二种虾蛄的体型基本稳定。二种虾蛄肌肉的水份、粗脂肪与灰分含量没有明显差异,但粗蛋白含量有显著差异(P<0.05);在测定的月份中,脂肪含量波动很少,水份、灰分与蛋白质含量呈上升趋势。二种虾蛄肌肉中所含的氨基酸绝对含量差异极显著(P<0.01),且黑斑口虾蛄的氨基酸、必需氨基酸(EAA)和呈味氨基酸(Asp+Glu+Gly)含量均高于口虾蛄,但EAA/TAA二种虾蛄没有明显差异。口虾蛄的不饱和脂肪酸含量高于黑斑口虾蛄。 相似文献
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个体大小是渔业资源种群的重要结构特征,一般研究中采用平均个体体长或平均体质量等分析指标,难以充分反应具有多年龄结构和个体生长速度差异的种群组成差异。为研究口虾蛄个体大小组成的时空变化,实验根据山东海域2016年10月和2017年1、5、8月的底拖网调查数据,应用有限混合模型分析了不同性别、不同时间、不同水深口虾蛄个体大小的频率分布特征。结果发现,除秋季外,山东海域口虾蛄均可区分为高、低两个年龄组,同时雌雄体长分布具有一定的差异。从冬季到夏季,雌性口虾蛄中低龄组个体比例先下降后上升,雄性口虾蛄低龄比例则逐渐下降。就不同水深而言,口虾蛄低龄组个体主要集中在近海海域,其比例由近海向远海逐渐减小。各年龄组的近远海分布表现出季节性差异,春季高龄口虾蛄在近海比例最大,由近海向远海比例逐渐减小;夏季高龄组口虾蛄在20～30 m水深比例最大;冬季高龄组口虾蛄比例则由近海向远海逐渐增加。有限混合模型能够较好地对口虾蛄的体长结构进行分析,解析口虾蛄不同年龄组在山东海域的时空分布,对于深入了解口虾蛄种群分布动态和科学的渔业管理具有重要意义。 相似文献
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对虾免疫机能研究概况 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
Shrimp farming is an important source of revenue and employment in many developing countries.However, infectious diseases have adversely affected the profitability of shrimp industry. For this reason, disease prevention is a priority and shrimp immunology has become a crucial research area of this field. In this paper, the current importance and problems of shrimp-culture were described and the research advances in shrimp immunological defence mechanisms were summarized. The immunological tools are powerful and useful to evaluate the health state of the shrimp. The immunologies of shrimp mainly consist of cellular immunity and humoral immunity. In regard to cellular parameters, they are composed of haemocyte count (THC), differential haemocyte count (DHC) and reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs). The immunity ceils exert their defence functions through phagocytizing, enveloping, etc, and the changes of THC and DHC are related to health state of shrimp. The ROIs generated during post phagocytic event which maybe an important marker to evaluate the immunological capability and phenoloxidase activity have been considered as a potential marker which is relevant to the health of the shrimp too. Concerning humoral parameters, prophenoloxidase (ProPO) and phenoloxidase,antimicrobial peptides and proteins, hemagglutinin and plasma proteins were described. The determining methods of immunity parameters were discussed. The response of shrimp to pathogens such as bacteria, virus, etc. and environmental factors such as DO, pH, etc, were also reviewed. It is well-known that the immune responses induced by immunizing crustacean or shrimp are mainly the non-specific immune responses. The potential of immunological parameters, including the changes of THC and DHC, the production of ROIs, phenoloxidase (PO) activity, antibacterial activity of plasma, and so on, to appraise the healthy state of shrimp were partly discussed. The future directions for the evaluation of the immunological capability of shrimp were proposed. 相似文献
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Jianhua Liu Peicheng Zhao Lin Liu Jianyou Zhang Shulai Liu Zhifei Zhang 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(2):169-176
ABSTRACTIn this study, the degreasing technology using alkaline lipase hydrolysis for Chinese dried shrimp (Acetes chinensis) was investigated, with the purpose of decreasing lipid oxidation during dried shrimp preservation. The salt, moisture, and lipid contents of the shrimp were 6.01, 32.51, and 2.95%, respectively. The optimum enzymatic hydrolysis condition for effective decrease of shrimp lipid was obtained: lipase concentration 40 U/mL, pH 10, soaking time 60 min, soaking temperature 30°C, and shrimp/liquid ratio 1:20 (w:v). Under this optimum condition, the residual lipid of the shrimp was reduced to 2.28%, and the degreasing rate reached 49%. During 30-day preservation, the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) value (0.185 mg/kg of dried shrimp and 0.131 mg/kg of degreased dried shrimp at Day 30) of degreased shrimp was lower than the shrimp without degreasing, indicating alkaline lipase hydrolysis could effectively prevent lipid oxidation and inhibit oxidative rancidity during dried shrimp preservation. 相似文献
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《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(3):115-120
Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the potential for transmission of aflatoxin B1 to humans through consumption of shrimp contaminated with this toxin. Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) were fed diets dosed with three levels of afaltoxin B1 (300, 400, and 900 ppb) in an 8 week indoor aquarium feeding trial. The shrimp were analyzed for residues of the toxin in the feces, whole shrimp and tail muscle after concentrating the aflatoxin by monoclonal antibody affinity chromatography, followed by radioimmunoassay. Aflatoxin B1 was not detected in shrimp feces, whole shrimp or tail muscle within detection limits of 2 ppb. Our study suggests that the possibilities for aflatoxin B1 toxicity occurring in humans via consumption of shrimp fed on diets contaminated with this toxin are limited. 相似文献
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Olivier Decamp Lytha Conquest Jeff Cody Ian Forster Albert G. J. Tacon 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2007,38(3):395-406
Zero‐water exchange shrimp culture systems are being investigated to reduce water and pathogens input and effluent output. The relative abundance and diversity of ciliates have been used as indicators of water quality and ecosystem dynamics in natural systems; however, their occurrence and role in shrimp production systems have not been investigated. The objectives of this research were to describe the succession of the ciliate community in a shrimp grow out system, to investigate the impact of increasing shrimp stocking density on the characteristics of the ciliated protozoa community, and to correlate this with shrimp performance. A growth trial with Litopenaeus vannamei was conducted outdoors with zero‐water exchange and three stocking densities (50, 75 and 100 shrimp/m2). In all treatments, free‐swimming ciliates were dominant in the early weeks, while substrate‐associated ciliates appeared later. The 100 shrimp/m2 treatment exhibited a lower abundance of free‐swimming ciliates but higher abundance of hypotrichous ciliates in the second half of production and higher shrimp mortality and lower shrimp growth in the last 2 wk. These results provide a preliminary examination of the role of ciliates in shrimp culture systems and direction for future work in determining the role of protozoa as indicators of water quality. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to firstly investigate the impact of the cooking conditions, including boiled, baked, and microwaved treatments, in the presence of 3% powdered sugar and 1% NaCl on the changes of quality attributes and the formation of glycated products in shrimp patties. The levels of carboxymethyllysine (CML), furosine, and fluorescent intensity in boiled shrimp patties were much lower than that in baked shrimp patties and microwaved shrimp patties. Addition of powdered sugar alone in baked shrimp patties and microwaved shrimp patties increased the level of furosine and fluorescent intensity. Furthermore, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis showed a notably decreased intensity in the band with MW of 17–22 kDa in boiled shrimp patties and microwaved shrimp patties, and a stronger intensity of band, with MW of 75–100 kDa, in baked shrimp patties. Principal components analysis (PCA) further confirmed that the changes of quality attributes and glycated products in shrimp patties caused by cooking methods were greater than that caused by the addition of powdered sugar or NaCl. 相似文献
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对罗氏沼虾（Ｍａｃｒｏｂｒａｃｈｉｕｍｒｏｓｅｎｂｅｒｇｉ）冷冻调理品的加工方法和保鲜技术进行了研究。试验结果表明,加工后的罗氏沼虾,其保藏性能增强,加添加剂后罗氏沼虾的鲜度下降明显减慢。 相似文献
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Vc-2-多聚磷酸酯对中国对虾稚虾生长、免疫及体内Vc含量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用添加不同浓度LAPP的饲料投喂中国对虾30d,每隔5d取对虾血淋巴,测定血清中超氧化物歧化酶活力、溶菌活力、酚氧化酶活力;试验结束时测定盐度突变对中国对虾成活率的影响及其体内维生素C积累量的变化情况。结果显示,高浓度LAPP组对虾较对照组及低浓度组3种酶活力都达到了显著差异(P<0.05),但是酶活力并不是持续升高,一段时间后又有所回落;盐度突变试验结果表明,添加0.3%组显著提高了对虾的成活率;HPLC法测定对虾体内维生素C积累量的变化情况显示,在一定范围内对虾体内的维生素C积累量随着饲料中维生素C添加水平的提高而提高。在本试验条件下,建议中国对虾稚虾饲料LAPP的适宜添加量为3000mg/kg。 相似文献
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Rosita Baka Saowaluk Rungchang Srivikorn Ditudompo Suwit Siriwattanayotin 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2018,27(7):795-802
Pulsed vacuum (PV) was used to reduce the phosphate soaking time for raw and cooked shrimp, without reducing its quality. The shrimp was soaked in a phosphate solution under cycles of vacuum pressure (15 kPa, 7 min) and atmospheric (ATM) pressure (101 kPa, 3 min). PV-soaked shrimp reached stable absorption faster than ATM-soaked shrimp. At equilibrium absorption, no differences in moisture or phosphate contents were observed between PV- and ATM-soaked shrimp. After cooking, PV-soaked and ATM-soaked shrimp showed no differences in product yield or texture. Therefore, PV soaking reduces soaking time but does not affect the yield of cooked shrimp, increasing production capacity. Moreover, this study suggests that to maximize the yield of raw-soaked shrimp, shrimp should be soaked until the moisture content reaches equilibrium. In contrast, cooked shrimp should be soaked until the phosphate content stabilizes, to produce the highest yield with the lowest soaking time. 相似文献
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Elena Palaclos Ilie S. Racotta Marcial Villalejo 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2003,34(4):466-477
The present study compares three scales for evaluation of ovary development stage in wild and pond-reared shrimp. An external visual scale was assessed according to color and size of ovaries observed through the exoskeleton in live shrimp by staff of a commercial hatchery. Shrimp were then sacrificed to obtain gonadosomatic index, and gonads were scaled according to their color and size upon dissection. Finally, a portion of ovaries was processed for histological analysis, from which oocyte diameters were obtained, and females were evaluated with another scale based on cytological organization of gonads and on frequency of oocyte sizes. The certainties of the external and internal scales were analyzed, based on differences in gonadosomatic index and oocyte diameter and by comparison with the more accurate scaling obtained by histological analysis. The external scale was, in general, less accurate than the internal scale. Maturation stage in pond-reared shrimp was underestimated or overestimated more frequently than in wild shrimp. The implications for hatchery operation and possible reasons are discussed. Pond-reared shrimp were found to have a non-linear relation between gonad weight and body weight, but this relation was linear for the larger wild shrimp. This reduced the validity of gonadosomatic index in pond-reared shrimp, which were still growing. Thus, oocyte diameter, which was not affected by body weight in growing shrimp, represents a more accurate numeric measure of ovary development. Spermatophores were found attached to the thelycum in females only at the cortical stage of maturation, independent of origin. However, a significant proportion of fully mature, pond-reared shrimp did not have an attached spermatophore, possibly indicating lower mating success or poorer spermatophore adherence in these shrimp. 相似文献
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《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,251(2-4):416-429
In an attempt to know how the protein level modulates catabolism and its effects on the immune response, we studied juvenile L. vannamei that had been starved for varying period after being conditioned on diet containing either maintenance or optimal dietary protein levels (DPL). The effect of dietary protein level on nutritional reserves management of shrimp and its relation with immune condition was also addressed. Juvenile shrimp were fed for 21 days on diets containing 5% and 40% dietary protein. Hemolymph metabolites (glucose, cholesterol, protein, acylglycerols, and lactate), hemocyanin, osmoregulatory capacity, digestive gland glycogen and lipids, and immune conditions (hemocytes characterization, phenoloxidase activity, respiratory burst: basal and activated) were evaluated and considered as initial condition. After that time, shrimp were starved for 21 days. During starvation time every 7 days nutritional, physiological and immunological condition were evaluated. A reduction in all physiological and immunological indicators was observed with starvation. The protein level of the conditioning diet had a significant effect on this response; generally, the effect was smaller with shrimp previously fed 40% dietary protein. In this sense the present results demonstrate that shrimp are well adapted to tolerate food deprivation for some time but that this tolerance is closely related to its previous nutritional condition. In the case of shrimp fed 40% DPL, wet weight, nutritional and immune condition was significantly affected after 14 days of starvation. In shrimp previously fed 5% DP, tolerance to starving condition was limited to only a few days (7 days) as a result of low reserves of circulatory and mussel proteins. All these results demonstrate that dietary protein levels can governor the immune condition of shrimp through the management reserves metabolism, indicating that a shrimp with a good nutritional condition can tolerate until 14 days without modifying the evaluated immune responses. In this sense it can be concluded that protein metabolism have a central role for shrimp. 相似文献