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1.
《水生态学杂志》2014,(6)
为了准确反映汉丰湖的水环境状况,通过浮游植物监测与环境因子监测相结合,探讨小江中上游汉丰湖入湖支流东河、桃溪河、南河、头道河浮游植物群落结构特征及其与水体理化因子的关系,对水体理化指标和浮游植物进行了采样分析,在东河、南河、桃溪河、头道河各设置3个监测点,于2013年3、6、9、12月各采样1次。结果表明,4条入湖支流共采集鉴定浮游植物8门、84属、218种(含变种),以硅藻(107种)和绿藻(64种)居多,其次是蓝藻(31种),这3类的种数占浮游植物总数的92.7%,其它5门的种类数较少。各支流浮游植物种类数由低到高依次为东河(83种)、桃溪河(100种)、南河(106种)、头道河(120种),其密度均值在105数量级,南河下游浮游植物密度在夏季出现最大峰值,达到1 160×104个/L,在绝大部分时段均以蓝藻占优势。水体理化指标监测数据显示,汉丰湖4条主要支流的总氮、总磷、p H、溶氧、水温、CODMn和电导率均值分别为1.00~1.61 mg/L、0.03~0.11 mg/L、7.82~8.53、6.65~7.03 mg/L、17.9~20.4℃、2.07~4.57 mg/L、269.25~522.50μS/cm;其中,南河的总氮、CODMn较高,头道河的总磷较高,各支流的水温、溶氧、p H较为接近。浮游植物与环境因子的相关性分析表明,东河的裸藻、桃溪河的绿藻以及头道河的蓝藻密度均与水温显著相关(P0.05),南河的硅藻和绿藻密度与水温极显著相关(P0.01),东河的甲藻密度与总磷浓度极显著相关(P0.01),桃溪河的硅藻和甲藻密度与总磷浓度显著相关(P0.05),绿藻密度与总氮浓度显著负相关(P0.05),硅藻密度与总氮浓度极显著负相关(P0.01);浮游植物分布及密度主要受水温、总氮和总磷的影响。 相似文献
2.
汉丰湖富营养化综合评价与水环境容量分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
2012、2013年季节性监测了汉丰湖水体理化指标,采用综合营养状态指数法对其富营养化状态进行了评价,采用沃伦威德尔模型(Vollenweider)和狄龙模型(Dillon)计算了化学需氧量、总氮、总磷的水环境容量。结果表明:汉丰湖水质总体处于地表水Ⅱ类~Ⅳ类标准,TN 0.76~2.24 mg/L、平均1.41 mg/L,NH3-N 0.17~0.95 mg/L、平均0.41 mg/L,TP 0.010~0.106 mg/L、平均0.069 mg/L,CODMn2.34~14.60 mg/L、平均4.22 mg/L。东河区域水质优于小江干流、南河区域,秋季污染程度最轻;汉丰湖水体营养状态介于中营养到轻度富营养型,其中南河区域的营养程度相对较高;从单个评价因子看,总氮的营养状态最高,持续处于轻度、中度至重度富营养状态。汉丰湖化学需氧量、总氮、总磷水环境容量分别为37 335、109.1和1 643.84 t/a,为达到汉丰湖水功能区划Ⅱ类水的管理目标,总氮、总磷削减率分别为38%和56%。 相似文献
3.
包头南海湖非冰封期浮游植物的时空动态特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解包头南海湖浮游植物群落非冰封期的时空动态特征,2017年5-10月,在南海湖设置了12个监测站位,监测浮游植物时空变化,并同步监测水环境因子。结果表明,南海湖12个站位共鉴定出浮游植物146种(含变种);其中,绿藻门(Chlorophyta)59种,蓝藻门(Cyanophyta)31种,硅藻门(Bacillariophyta)37种,裸藻门(Euglenophyta)9种,金藻门(Chrysophyta)5种,黄藻门(Xanthophyta)3种,隐藻门(Cryptophyta)2种。浮游植物密度为23.35×10~6～115.59×10~6个/L;优势度分析表明,5-6月主要以绿藻占优势,优势种为四尾栅藻(Scenedesmus quadricauda)和螺旋弓形藻(Schroederia spiralis);7-9月主要以蓝藻占优势,优势种为微小平裂藻(Merismopedia tenuissima)和水花束丝藻(Aphanizomenon flosaquae);10月以绿藻和硅藻占优势,优势种为四尾栅藻和近缘针杆藻(Synedra affinis)。空间上呈现出沿进水口向湖心区逐渐递增的趋势,湖心区整体密度较高,而排污口和芦苇区处密度相对较低;冗余分析(RDA)表明,氨氮、化学需氧量、pH、叶绿素-a以及水温是影响浮游植物分布的主要水环境因子,绿藻与总氮关系密切,蓝藻主要受总磷的影响,硅藻受pH影响较大。 相似文献
4.
牧野湖浮游植物时空分布及水质分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2012年9月至2013年8月,按月对牧野湖的水质及浮游植物群落结构开展了初步调查。共发现浮游植物87属147种;其中,黄藻门和隐藻门各6种,金藻门和甲藻门各4种,绿藻门57种,裸藻门23种,硅藻门29种,蓝藻门18种。2012年秋季到2013年春季浮游植物密度在7 400×104~9 100×104个/L,2013年夏季最高,为16 000×104个/L。秋、冬、春季密度较高的为绿藻和硅藻,所占比例:秋季绿藻32.2%、硅藻23.9%,冬季绿藻39.2%、硅藻24.5%,春季绿藻40%、硅藻51.7%;夏季密度较高的种群是蓝藻,占83%。湖区秋、冬、春、夏季Shannon多样性指数分别为1.3、1.27、1.06、0.48,Pielou均匀度指数也从0.35下降到0.175,表明从2012年秋季到2013年夏季牧野湖的水质是不断下降的。皮尔逊相关分析表明,湖区浮游植物的平均密度与Chl-a、CODCr、水温显著正相关(P0.05);与TN、TP、NH+4-N也有一定的正相关性,但未达到显著水平;与SD、NO-3-N之间有一定的负相关,但未达到显著水平。 相似文献
5.
《淡水渔业》2019,(6)
为了解乌杨调节坝正式运行初期汉丰湖水体情况,2016年10月—2017年10月对汉丰湖浮游植物群落及水质状况进行了调查。结果显示,调查期间共检出浮游植物7门58属114种,其中绿藻门和硅藻门最多,分别占39.47%和38.60%。尖针杆藻、梅尼小环藻和啮蚀隐藻等为优势种。浮游植物平均密度为8.64×10~5 ind./L;平均生物量为2.03 mg/L;其中,平均密度和生物量在2016年12月最小,2017年2—8月不断增大,10月份有所下降;四个采样点的平均密度和生物量差异均不显著。各采样点浮游植物Margalef物种丰富度指数(d_(Ma))为1.69～5.23;Shannon-Wiener指数(H’e)为1.12～2.75;Pielou均匀性指数(J_e)为0.45～0.96。水温、高锰酸盐指数、总磷、总氮、氨氮的变化范围分别为12.7～31.5℃、1.54～4.92 mg/L、0.01～0.18 mg/L、0.20～1.11mg/L、0.10～0.81 mg/L。冗余分析(RDA)结果表明,汉丰湖浮游植物与高锰酸盐指数、总磷、亚硝态氮和氨氮呈正相关,与透明度呈负相关。 相似文献
6.
里下河腹地位于江淮两大水系交融地带,人类活动严重影响区域水生态环境。鉴于浮游植物群落结构及多样性可作为水环境变化重要指示生物,于2015-2017年对里下河腹地典型湖泊大纵湖浮游植物群落结构及环境因子进行逐月采样调查,分别采用藻类生物学指标和综合营养指数对大纵湖营养状态进行综合评价,并且基于相关性分析法,探讨浮游植物与水环境因子的响应关系。结果显示,大纵湖在调查期间共鉴定出浮游植物7门、123种,以绿藻、硅藻、蓝藻为主,分别为50、35、18种,占总种数的40.65%、28.46%、14.63%。全湖各采样点浮游植物的平均丰度为3.70×106 ~6.25×106 个/L;空间上略有差异,夏季藻类丰度较高,冬季最低。大纵湖各个采样点浮游植物优势种基本相同,共8种。浮游植物物种多样性指数和均匀度年均值分别为2.74和0.78,表明大纵湖处于轻-中度污染状态。综合营养指数显示,大纵湖处于轻度富营养状态,两者结果基本一致。相关性分析表明,水温（T）、透明度（SD）、浊度（TUB）和总氮（TN）是影响大纵湖浮游植物群落结构的主要水质指标。 相似文献
7.
江苏横山水库浮游植物群落结构的动态变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究横山水库浮游植物群落的动态变化特征和综合分析水质,为库区的水资源保护和开发利用提供参考依据。2014年7月至2015年6月,设置5个采样点,每月上旬上午9时左右、天气状况良好时采水样1次。共采集鉴定浮游植物7门63属147种(包含变种及变型),绿藻门28属63种、硅藻门16属46种、蓝藻门10属23种、甲藻门3属6种、裸藻门3属3种、隐藻门2属3种、金藻门1属3种,浮游植物的种类组成为绿藻-硅藻-蓝藻型。浮游植物密度2.3×106~8.0×106个/L、平均4.2×106个/L,硅藻门、绿藻门和蓝藻门密度占比分别为57.3%、29.8%和8.4%。浮游植物的多样性指数H'变化范围为1.52~3.67,平均2.48;均匀度指数J 0.53~0.86、平均0.71;丰富度指数d 0.83~3.32、平均2.05。浮游植物主要优势种为绿藻门的美丽鼓藻(Cosmariumformosulum),硅藻门的变异直链藻(Melosiravarians)、颗粒直链藻(Melosira granulate)、尖针杆藻(Synedraacus)和肘状针杆藻(Synedra ulna)等。相关性分析表明,游植物密度与总磷、水温、透明度呈正相关关系,与溶解氧呈负相关关系,与总氮没有相关关系。硝酸盐和溶解氧对浮游植物密度有显著影响,亚硝酸盐氮、氨氮、CODMn、浊度、p H、UV254的水平变化和浮游植物密度没有相关性。根据浮游植物多样性分析以及富营养化指数值TLI(∑)评价,横山水库水质属于轻度富营养状态。 相似文献
8.
红水河流域梯级水库夏季浮游植物群落结构特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解红水河流域水生态系统的健康状态,2009年夏季(6-7月)对其干流龙滩、岩滩、大化、百龙滩、乐滩、桥巩6座梯级水库及主要支流水体中浮游植物的种类组成和分布进行了调查。共鉴定出浮游植物6门、75属、84种,以硅藻种类最多,其次是绿藻和蓝藻;其中硅藻51种,占60.71%;绿藻17种,占20.24%;蓝藻门10种,占11.90%;甲藻门、金藻门、红藻门各2种,分别占2.38%。优势度分析表明,龙滩水库和百龙滩水库浮游植物优势种为硅藻和绿藻,岩滩水库、大化水库、乐滩水库浮游植物优势种为硅藻、绿藻和蓝藻,桥巩水库浮游植物优势种为硅藻、绿藻和金藻;6座水库浮游植物密度变化范围2.12×105~6.03×105个/L,百龙滩水库的密度最高,龙滩水库的密度最低;浮游植物生物量变化范围0.60~2.45 mg/L,龙滩水库的浮游植物生物量最高,大化水库的生物量最低。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为2.14~3.22,均匀度指数为0.56~0.85。各梯级水库浮游植物组成相似性系数为0.35~0.70,龙滩水库和桥巩水库之间浮游植物组成相似性最大(0.70),岩滩水库和百龙滩水库的相似性最小(0.35)。综合多种指标对水质进行评估,龙滩水库为贫-中营养型,岩滩、大化、百龙滩、乐滩、桥巩水库为贫营养型。 相似文献
9.
2007年夏季对武汉市梁子湖、斧头湖、柴泊湖、南湖和野芷湖5个湖泊共13个点的浮游生物进行了监测种类鉴定。5个湖泊有浮游植物133种,其中蓝藻门43种,金藻门1种,黄藻门1种,硅藻门28种,甲藻门6种,裸藻门12种,隐藻门2种,绿藻门40种。浮游动物有43种,其中原生动物14种,轮虫23种,枝角类3种,桡足类5种。5个湖泊浮游植物种类数量排序为:梁子湖>南湖>柴泊湖>斧头湖>野芷湖;浮游动物种类数量排序为:柴泊湖>斧头湖>梁子湖=南湖>野芷湖;浮游植物平均密度排序为:南湖>野芷湖>梁子湖>柴泊湖>斧头湖;浮游植物平均生物量排序为:梁子湖>南湖>斧头湖>柴泊湖>野芷湖;浮游动物平均密度和平均生物量排序均为:柴泊湖>南湖>野芷湖>梁子湖>斧头湖。梁子湖、斧头湖、柴泊湖、南湖和野芷湖的藻型特征分别是蓝藻+硅藻、蓝藻+硅藻+绿藻、蓝藻+绿藻、蓝藻+硅藻+绿藻和蓝藻+绿藻。 相似文献
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为了探究安谷水电站建成后浮游植物群落时空分布特征及其与水环境因子的关系，于2015年5月至2016年9月对其所在的大渡河河口开展了调查。结果表明，调查区域共采集到浮游植物7门、49属、138种，主要由硅藻（种类数占71.02%）、绿藻（15.95%）、蓝藻（9.42%）、裸藻（1.45%）组成。大渡河河口主河道浮游植物种类数较高，特别是安谷水电站坝下断面最高。浮游植物密度为31.20×104~66.69×104个/L，其组成以硅藻为主，秋季浮游植物密度高于春季。大渡河主河道各样点浮游植物密度水平分布变化大，安谷水电站库区和坝下样点密度显著高于调查河段的其他样点。对比安谷水库蓄水前后，浮游植物种类的季节分布无明显差异，而密度的季节分布则差异明显；浮游植物群落的空间分布发生了显著变化，特别是安谷水电站库区和坝下浮游植物种类和密度明显增加。Person相关性分析显示，影响浮游植物密度的主要因子是水温、流速、透明度，与氮、磷元素的浓度则未显出相关性；RDA分析表明，水温、溶解氧、流速、透明度、总氮是影响浮游植物组成的主要因素。安谷水电站的建设使得水体理化指标及水文情势分布因素发生改变，对浮游植物群落的时空分布造成了直接影响，特别是电站库区和坝下，浮游植物的种类和密度变化明显。 相似文献
11.
Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
15.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
16.
Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 
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下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
17.
Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
18.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
19.
There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献
20.
Effect of iodophor disinfection of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs on their bacterial and fungus load 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Franz Lahnsteiner 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(7):3901-3909
This study investigated the efficiency of iodophor disinfection (135 ppm active iodine for 15–30 min) of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs against different groups of bacteria and against fungus. Egg samples were taken from non‐disinfected and from disinfected eggs, microorganisms were cultured on specific nutrient media and their mass was measured by turbidimetric methods. Bacteria and fungus mass of non‐hardened eggs could be reduced but not eliminated by iodophor disinfection with 135 ppm active iodine for 15 min. The extent of reduction was 47–65% (Experiment 1). The efficiency of disinfection increased with disinfection time as the reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was 40–55% after 15 min and 58–74% after 30 min (Experiment 2). Disinfection efficiency of iodophor solution diluted in water (reduction 49–57%) and of iodophor solution diluted in sodium chloride solution iso‐osmolar to the oocytes (reduction 52–61%) was similar (Experiment 3). The reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was persistent as it was 39–72% lower in embryos deriving from disinfected eggs than in embryos deriving from non‐disinfected ones (Experiment 4). In conclusion, the tested disinfection method is inadequate to eliminate pathogens completely but it could positively influence immune defence of eggs and embryos. 相似文献