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在兔源肠致病性大肠杆菌WF-03-B3菌株和兔源A型魏氏梭菌XT-04-X5菌株原生质体融合的研究中,为了对融合子进行选择鉴定,在呼吸缺陷选择的基础上WF-03-B3菌株02r(氧气抗性);XT-04-X5菌株02s(氧气敏感性),再应用定性和定量药物敏感性试验,对两种菌原生质体融合的耐药性遗传标记进行了筛选.结果表明,WF-03-B3菌株对丁胺卡那霉素AKNs(丁胺卡那霉素敏感);XT-04-X5菌株对丁胺卡那霉素AKNr(丁胺卡那霉素抗性),在此基础上,测定了丁胺卡那霉素在选择培养基中的适用浓度。筛选出兔源肠致病性大肠杆菌WF-03-B3菌株的遗传标记为(AKNs,02r)和兔源A型魏氏梭菌XT-04-X5菌株的遗传标记为(AKNr,02s)。 相似文献
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我国主要经济动物魏氏梭菌分离及血清型鉴定 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
对分离于7种经济动物的98株魏氏梭菌疑似物进行理化性质鉴定表明，分离菌符合魏氏梭菌特征。中和试验证实，分离于兔、狐狸、貉、水貂、麝鼠、犬的菌株均为A型；分离于鹿的菌株85．4％（35／41）为A型，14．6％（6／41）为C型，说明目前我国经济动物魏氏梭菌感染以A型为主。 相似文献
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利用多重PCR检测兔肠致病性大肠杆菌和魏氏梭菌的毒力基因 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
我们建立了一种同时检测兔肠致病性大肠杆菌和魏氏梭菌毒力基因的二重PCR方法。在一次PCR反应中同时扩增兔肠致病性大肠杆菌（REPEC）的eae毒力基因和魏氏梭菌的α-toxin毒力基因，扩增产物经电泳，出现与阳性对照细菌条带大小一致的条带即判断为该标本阳性，本试验还对79份腹泻兔粪便或肠内容物样品进行了检测，结果35.4％（28／79）检出eae＋的REPEC，而魏氏梭茵的检出率为。6．3％。敏感性试验结果表明，该二重PCR能检出10 CFU的REPEC，10 CFU的魏氏梭菌，具有简便、快速、特异、经济等特点，宜于临床应用。 相似文献
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本研究建立了一种同时检测大肠杆菌和魏氏梭菌的二重PCR方法,根据兔肠致病性大肠杆菌（REPEC）的eae毒力基因和魏氏梭菌的α—toxin毒力基因的基因文库,设计了两对分别与eae基因和α—toxin基因互补的引物,用这两对引物对同一样品中的REPEC和魏氏梭菌模板进行二重PCR扩增。结果均得到了两条特异性大小与试验设计相符的833bp（REPEC）和324bp（魏氏梭菌）的扩增条带,而对其它3种病原菌的PCR扩增结果均为阴性;敏感性试验结果表明,该二重PCR技术能检出10cfu的REPEC,10cfu的魏氏梭菌。 相似文献
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魏氏梭菌类毒素疫苗研制及其免疫家兔抗体消长规律 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本研究分别从山东省的莱芜、泰安、潍坊的三个养兔场发生疑似梭菌性下痢的病兔体分离到三株魏氏梭菌，鉴定为A型。利用该分离菌株和A型魏氏梭菌标准株（CVCC37）所产外毒素经甲醛灭活并加入氢氧化铝胶佐剂吸附浓缩后制备了A型魏氏梭菌类毒素疫苗。对该疫苗分别进行了安全性检验、有效免疫剂量试验和接种家兔1～23周血清中抗毒素（Ab）消长规律研究。结果表明，魏氏梭菌外毒素用03％甲醛32h能够彻底灭活，并最大可能地保持其抗原性；制备的魏氏梭菌类毒素疫苗无毒副作用，安全可靠；用野毒株和标准株制备的类毒素疫苗对家兔的有效免疫剂量为2mL／只，免疫保护效果可靠；采用野毒株和标准株制备的类毒素疫苗接种家兔后第二周血清抗毒素效价迅速升高，到第四周达最高峰。分别为6．6一和7．125log2，较高抗体滴度维持约17周后缓慢下降，至23周时血清平均抗毒素滴度仍维持在4．0-和3．4log2以上，所以，该类毒素疫苗的免疫保护期可以设定为6个月。 相似文献
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兔瘟 巴氏杆菌 魏氏梭菌三联灭活苗的研制与应用 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
用人工感染兔瘟病兔的肝、脾、肾及从惠急性巴氏杆菌病和魏氏梭菌性肠炎病兔分离的细菌制成氢氧化铝甲醛灭活苗（兔三联苗）。试验兔于免疫后７、５０、１００和１８０天均能抵抗致死量兔瘟强毒的攻击；在免疫后２０天时全部能抵抗１０个最小致死量的兔巴氏杆菌培养物的攻击，经７５天保护率也为１００％；免疫后４５天用魏氏梭菌培养物攻击，其保护率为１００％；免疫后１２０天分别用兔巴氏杆菌与魏氏梭菌培养物攻击，其保护率均为 相似文献
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对鸭疫里默杆菌（YL1）和大肠杆菌（ZYD2）原生质体的制备、再生、融合条件进行优化,成功获得了64株具有双亲菌株耐药性,能够同时凝集兔抗ZYD2血清和兔抗YL1血清,且能够稳定遗传的融合菌株;通过培养特性、菌落特征、融合菌株形态染色特性、生化试验等鉴定,筛选出4株典型融合菌株DL4、DL5、DL8、DL29。攻毒试验表明,ZYD2的半数致死量为1.5×107,YL1的半数致死量为5.0×107,4株典型融合菌株的半数致死量分别为2.8×108、1.7×108、1.0×109、4.4×109,融合菌株毒性比亲本菌株毒性减弱。免疫保护试验和免疫鸭抗体水平测定结果证实,融合菌株具有良好免疫原性。 相似文献
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根据GeneBank上发表的A型魏氏梭菌α毒素基因序列,设计合成了一对特异性引物,通过PCR的方法,扩增出了大小为470bp的α毒素基因的部分片段。应用地高辛标记法来标记该片段,制备了α毒素基因探针,该探针只与魏氏梭菌DNA发生阳性反应,与其它多种细菌DNA不发生反应;该探针在1：1000的工作浓度下,能检出1-5pg／uL的魏氏梭菌基因组DNA。应用该探针对33株魏氏梭菌进行核酸杂交（Dot-Blotting）检测,结果表明该探针具有良好的特异性和灵敏性,可用于对魏氏梭菌的诊断检测以及流行病学调查。 相似文献
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禽大肠杆菌病4种弱毒菌苗免疫原性的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
黄青云［１］等选取禽致病性大肠杆菌最主要的两个血清型Ｏ２和Ｏ７８,分别用氟哌酸（Ｎｏｒ）、氯霉素（Ｃｈ１）诱导成耐药标记弱毒菌株Ｏ２（ＮｏｒｒＣｈ１ｓ）、Ｏ７８（ＮｏｒｓＣｈ１ｒ）。并以它们作亲本,通过原生质体融合技术,培育成功具有双抗药性与双抗原性... 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献