共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
2种虾虎鱼细胞色素b基因全序列克隆与分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
测定了矛尾刺虾虎鱼（Acanthogobius hasta）和红狼牙虾虎鱼（Odontamblyopus rubicundus）的线粒体细胞色素b（Cytb）基因全序列。2种虾虎鱼Cytb基因序列全长均为1141bp,通过序列比对,检测到266个变异位点,序列中碱基转换频率高于颠换,碱基替换主要发生在密码子第3位。结合GenBank中的虾虎鱼科其他物种的细胞色素b基因全序列,利用Kimura-双参数模型分析遗传距离表明,10种虾虎鱼科鱼类的遗传差异在0.118~0.330之间,大头新虾虎鱼（Neogobius kessleri）与同属的裸喉新虾虎鱼（N.gymnotrachelus）遗传距离最小,为0.118;大头新虾虎鱼和矛尾刺虾虎鱼遗传距离最大,为0.330。以Cytb基因全序列构建的NJ进化树分析表明,10种虾虎鱼分为3个主要类群,红狼牙虾虎鱼和矛尾刺虾虎鱼聚为1支,且与其余8种虾虎鱼类遗传距离较远。 相似文献
2.
《水产学杂志》2017,(6)
在形态学鉴定的基础上,采用线粒体COI基因特异扩增测序及GenBank虾虎鱼亚科相近属已有序列联合配对分析的方法鉴定了南四湖须鳗虾虎鱼Taenioides cirratus的分类地位,探讨了该鱼的种群来源。对16尾须鳗虾虎鱼的线粒体COI基因进行测序,获得了长度为633 bp的COI基因序列,从Genbank中获得其他17种虾虎鱼的相应序列。结果显示:须鳗虾虎鱼COI基因部分序列密码子的第一位点GC含量最高,平均A+T含量高于G+C含量。用MEGA软件计算虾虎鱼的种间遗传距离,用邻接法和最大似然法构建分子系统树结果表明,南四湖须鳗虾虎鱼与采自福建兴化湾的须鳗虾虎鱼亲缘关系最近,可归为鳗虾虎鱼属,但在遗传变异上已超出种的分化水平。推测南四湖的须鳗虾虎鱼由长江和淮河水系调水进入的须鳗虾虎鱼个体扩散建群,可能受南水北调东线工程的调水迁移的影响。 相似文献
3.
基于16S rRNA基因部分序列的长江口虾虎鱼科鱼类系统分类 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了确定线粒体16S rRNA基因在长江口虾虎鱼科鱼类系统分类及物种鉴定中的作用,采用16S rRNA基因特异扩增测序及Gen Bank已有序列联合配对分析的方法,对长江口虾虎鱼科9属11种鱼类34个16S rRNA基因片段的序列进行比较和系统分类研究。统计分析显示,虾虎鱼科鱼类该片段的A含量明显高于其它3个碱基含量,A+T的平均含量高于G+C的平均含量,第3密码子位点G+C含量最高,其平均值为51.1%,变化范围为49.8%~53.2%。全部转换位点多于颠换位点,转换/颠换比值为1.45。依据Maximum Composite Likelihood模型,得出11种虾虎鱼科鱼类种间遗传距离平均值为0.151,种内为0.002,种间遗传距离是种内遗传距离的76倍。通过邻接法(Neighbor-joining,NJ)构建系统发育树,显示长江口虾虎鱼科鱼类为明显的单系群,并进一步佐证把传统形态分类中弹涂鱼科的青弹涂鱼(Scartelaos histiophorus)和大弹涂鱼(Boleophthalmus pectinirostris)及鳗虾虎鱼科的拉氏狼牙虾虎鱼(Odontamblyopus lacepedii)和红狼牙虾虎鱼(Odontamblyopus rubicundus)归属于虾虎鱼科的合理性。聚类结果显示红狼牙虾虎鱼和拉氏狼牙虾虎鱼聚在一起,其节点支持率达100%,两者可能为同种异名。本研究表明,线粒体16S rRNA基因序列作为分子标记对虾虎鱼科鱼类进行物种鉴定和系统分类是可行的,可为虾虎鱼类的亲缘关系分析提供基础资料。 相似文献
4.
为了解虾虎鱼科(Gobiidae)鱼类基因组遗传结构特征,本研究自主开发矛尾复虾虎鱼(Synechogobius hasta)微卫星序列153条,结合从 GenBank 中筛选出的虾虎鱼科微卫星序列535条,合计686条微卫星序列,隶属于19种虾虎鱼,序列总长度为295062 bp,包含473个微卫星位点,微卫星位点累计长度为33370 bp。统计微卫星重复类型,发现在所有微卫星重复类型中以二碱基重复出现次数最多,位点数为361个,占总微卫星的76.32%,其中,重复拷贝类别最多的是 AC (340个),占全部微卫星的71.88%,占二碱基重复微卫星的94.18%,在二碱基重复类型中没有发现 AT 和 GC 两种重复类型。三碱基重复位点数为35个,占总微卫星的7.4%,其中以 ACT 重复拷贝类别最多(12个),占三碱基重复微卫星的34.29%。四碱基重复位点数为68个,其中以 CTAT 重复最多(31个),占总微卫星的14.38%。五碱基重复类型中只有 TCTGG和 ATCTA 两种类型,只占全部微卫星的0.42%。六碱基重复7个,占总微卫星的1.48%,六碱基重复中各重复类型出现次数相当。在所有微卫星重复类型中没有发现单核苷酸重复类型。 相似文献
5.
中国海口足类动物区系具有丰富的物种多样性,是我国海洋底栖生物中的重要经济类群。口足类的属内种间鉴别特征有的极为相似,仅依靠传统的形态分类方法很难对近缘种和疑难种进行准确的鉴定。DNA条形码技术可以弥补传统形态学鉴定的某些局限,为物种鉴定提供了有效的工具。该研究探讨了利用线粒体COI序列对中国海口足类进行物种鉴定的可行性,共获得口足目4总科6科24属38个种的204条线粒体COI序列,与Gen Bank收录的14种42条口足类同源序列进行比对,结果显示口足类COI基因不存在碱基插入缺失现象,碱基组成偏倚明显,A+T含量(63.5%)显著高于G+C含量(36.5%)。基于Kimura双参数模型计算遗传距离,结果显示遗传距离随着分类阶元的增高而增大。同物种种内个体间的遗传距离变化范围在0%~3.91%,平均值为0.76%。同属内各物种间的遗传距离变化范围为6.55%~18.99%,平均值为12.91%。同科内不同属间的遗传距离变化范围为9.16%~23.32%,平均值为16.89%。不同科间的遗传距离变化范围为16.52%~26.6%,平均值为21.31%。由此可见,口足类COI基因的种间和种内遗传距离存在明显的间隙。基于COI序列构建的口足类邻接关系树显示所有包含大于1个个体的物种均可形成单系群,且节点支持率均为100%。本研究证明了COI序列作为DNA条形码标准基因在口足类物种鉴定中的有效性。此外,研究发现中国沿海分布的口虾蛄可能至少存在两个隐存种,实证了基于COI序列的DNA条形码技术能够用于口虾蛄隐存多样性的探究。 相似文献
6.
为探讨磷虾目物种的系统进化关系,以磷虾目的 50种磷虾为研究对象,分析其线粒体COI基因序列的分子变异,构建系统发育树,初步探讨了磷虾种属间亲缘关系。所分析COI基因可比序列长度为519 bp,共包含258个变异位点,全部为碱基替换,无插入/缺失位点。四种碱基含量分别为A 27.58%、T 35.47%、G 18.88%、C 18.07%,碱基A+T含量(63.05%)显著高于G+C含量(36.95%),表现出明显的T偏倚特点。50种磷虾的种间遗传距离为0.065~0.306,其平均值为0.186;而种内遗传距离为0~0.071,其平均值为0.017,平均种间距离约为种内距离的11倍。根据物种鉴定最小种间遗传距离0.020的观点,COI基因序列间的差异能够很好地区分各磷虾种。基于COI基因分别构建了4种系统进化树:邻接树(neighbor-joining,NJ)、极大似然树(maximum likelihood,ML)、最大简约树(maximum parsimony,MP)及UPGMA(unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means)树。它们拓扑结构基本一致,均可分为三大支系:假磷虾属处于系统树的基部,是磷虾目中最早分化出来的一支;而包含磷虾种类最多的磷虾属则最后分化出来,表明其为磷虾类中相对较新的一个属。本研究较全面地阐述了磷虾目的系统进化关系,结果表明磷虾目的线粒体COI序列变异可以用来研究磷虾属、种的分类单元及其系统进化问题,具有较好的理论和应用价值。 相似文献
7.
中国近海习见头足类DNA条形码及其分子系统进化 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
应用DNA条形码通用引物扩增了11种中国近海习见头足类(Cephalopoda)共计97个个体的线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基I(Cytochrome Coxidase I,COI)基因片段,与GenBank收录的19种95条头足类同源序列进行比对.结果表明,头足类COI基因存在碱基插人缺失现象,杜氏枪乌贼(Uroteuthis duvauceli)插人缺失位点数多达33个;碱基组成偏倚明显,A+T含量(66.70%)显著高子G+C(33.30%)含量.基于Kimura双参数模型计算,29个物种的种内平均遗传距离为0.0072,种间平均遗传距离(0.20-2 4)是种内遗传距离的28.11倍.针对剑尖枪乌贼(Loligo edulis,Uroteuthis edulis,Photololigo edulis)分类和命名的分歧,DNA条形码分类结果显示,该物种与枪乌贼属(Loligo)和尾枪乌贼属(Uroteuthis)的COI基因同源性较低,不支持将其划归到Lolig.或Uroteuthis.近爱尔斗蛸属(Pareledone)6个代表物种的种间遗传距离较小(0.0120-0.0385),对于此类变异程度较低的物种,DNA条形码仍可准确区分,但其种间遗传距离的阈值尚待深人探讨.系统发育树的聚类分析结果表明,COI基因在种、属水平的分类鉴定及其系统进化关系与传统方法所得结果一致性较高,分别为100%,91.67%;科、目水平的一致性略低,分别为80%和66.67%.可见,线粒体COI基因作为头足类DNA条形码在物种鉴定中适用性较高,亦适用于种属水平的系统进化分析,是形态学分类系统的必要补充和佐证. 相似文献
8.
基于线粒体COI基因序列的亚东鲑DNA条形码研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以亚东鲑为研究对象,测定分析了线粒体COI基因638bp碱基序列,探讨了该基因作为DNA条形码在鲑科三种鱼类(亚东鲑、大西洋鲑和红点鲑)鉴定方面的可行性和有效性。亚东鲑33个个体共享1种单倍型。利用Kimura-2模型分析得到亚东鲑与大西洋鲑遗传距离最小,为0.079;大西洋鲑与红点鲑遗传距离最大,为0.141;亚东鲑与红点鲑遗传距离为0.120。基于COI基因片段序列构建的NJ显示,亚东鲑和大西洋鲑首先聚到一起,然后再与红点鲑相聚。结果表明COI基因片段作为三种鱼类DNA条形码进行分类鉴定具有一定可行性。 相似文献
9.
用PCR技术克隆耳鲍（Haliolis asinina）、羊鲍（H．ovina）和多变鲍（H．varia）的线粒体16S rRNA基因的片段，并将PCR产物直接进行测序，得到长度530bp左右的片段。将这些序列与杂色鲍（H．diversicolor diversicolor）、九孔鲍（H．diversicolor supertexte）、大鲍（H．gigantea）、盘鲍（H．discus discus）、皱纹盘鲍（Haliotis discus hannai）等5种鲍的相应片段进行序列比较。结果表明，不同种鲍间16S rRNA基因的序列同源性较高，同源性范围为87．36％～90．77％，这说明鲍的这段基因片段在遗传过程中比较保守。序列的A＋T含量约为56．68％，G＋C含量约为43．32％。8种鲍序列的主要核苷酸变异位点集中在1-25bp、240-290bp和320～370bp3个区域。在序列的变异碱基巾，碱基的转换大大多于碱基的颠换，转换与颠换之比达到2．33：1，遗传距离的范围为0．002-0．128。用UPGMA法和NJ法绘制出8种鲍的系统发育树。结论认为，大鲍、皱纹盘鲍和盘鲍之间的遗传差异水平为亚种间的差异水平，台湾产的九孔鲍与大陆沿岸产的杂色鲍之间的差异仅仅是种群间的差异。 相似文献
10.
对扁吻鱼(Aspiorhynchus laticeps)和塔里木裂腹鱼(Schizothoraxbiddulphi)细胞色素c氧化酶亚基(COI)基因片段进行扩增。通过序列测定得到624bp的基因片段,无碱基的插入和缺失,A、T、G、C碱基中G含量最低,A+T含量高于G+C含量,与其它鱼类COI基因片段研究结果相一致。2个种间共检测到38处核苷酸替换,其中35处碱基转换,3处碱基颠换,蛋白质编码基因上的核苷酸替代主要是密码子第3位点上的同义替换。在编码的208个氨基酸中,仅发生2处氨基酸替代,替代率为0.96%。采用Kimura-2法计算种间平均遗传距离为0.06,以鲤作外群构建NJ系统树,扁吻鱼和塔里木裂腹鱼亲缘关系较近,而与新疆裸重唇鱼、斑重唇鱼亲缘关系较远。 相似文献
11.
Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
12.
13.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
14.
Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
15.
16.
Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
17.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
18.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
19.
Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
20.