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1.
DNA 条形码在鲱形目鱼类物种鉴定和系统进化分析中的应用 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
采用PCR特异性扩增获得中国近海鲱形目(Clupeiformes)2科6属7种的48条线粒体COI基因序列,结合从Gen Bank筛选出的4科40属83种的COI基因序列225条,对鲱形目鱼类的COI条形码基因特征、种内与种间遗传距离及其分子系统进化关系进行了分析,探索了DNA条形码技术在辅助鱼类物种鉴定和分类中的适应性。结果表明,4科41属90种273条COI基因序列的平均碱基组成为T:28.3%、C:28.3%、A:24.2%、G:19.2%,碱基组成表现出明显偏倚性。鲱形目鱼类种间的平均遗传距离为0.131,种内平均遗传距离为0.003,种间距离为种内距离的41倍;系统学分析结果显示,97.8%的鱼类在系统进化树上均为单系。可见,鲱形目鱼类DNA条形码符合物种鉴定的要求,且基于COI基因所建的NJ树对物种分类具有较为准确的辨识力。系统进化分析结果表明,COI基因不仅能够解决低阶分类单元的系统进化关系,对于高阶分类单元的系统分析研究结果也有一定参考价值。 相似文献
2.
基于线粒体COI的DNA条形码在对虾科种类鉴定中的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对虾科(Penaeidae)包含有26个属,约有200多种对虾,由于同属内的对虾在形态上非常相似,只呈现细微的差别,因此使得只基于形态学对对虾科物种的鉴别非常困难。为确定DNA条形码技术在对虾科物种鉴别的可行性,在本研究中,我们采用线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶亚基I(COI)基因研究了32种对虾的核苷酸组成、对虾种间及种内遗传距离,用邻接法(Neighbor-joining)构建32种对虾COI基因序列系统发生树。结果表明,对虾COI基因组成偏倚明显,A+T含量(61.5%)显著高于G+C(38.5%)。基于Kimura双参数模型计算,32个物种的种内平均遗传距离为0.003,种间平均遗传距离(0.468)是种内遗传距离的156倍,符合Hebert提出的种间遗传距离大于或等于10倍种内遗传距离的标准。在系统进化树中,32种对虾中有30种对虾都以较高的置信度聚合成独立的分支。可见,线粒体COI基因作为对虾科DNA条形码在物种的鉴别上具有很好的应用性,可以作为形态学分类系统的必要补充和佐证。 相似文献
3.
对虾科(Penaeidae)包含有26个属,约有200多种对虾,由于同属内的对虾在形态上非常相似,只呈现细微的差别,因此使得只基于形态学对对虾科物种的鉴别非常困难。为确定DNA条形码技术在对虾科物种鉴别的可行性,在本研究中,我们采用线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶亚基I(COI)基因研究了32种对虾的核苷酸组成、对虾种间及种内遗传距离,用邻接法(Neighbor-joining)构建32种对虾COI基因序列系统发生树。结果表明,对虾COI基因组成偏倚明显,A+T含量(61.5%)显著高于G+C(38.5%)。基于Kimura双参数模型计算,32个物种的种内平均遗传距离为0.003,种间平均遗传距离(0.468)是种内遗传距离的156倍,符合Hebert提出的种间遗传距离大于或等于10倍种内遗传距离的标准。在系统进化树中,32种对虾中有30种对虾都以较高的置信度聚合成独立的分支。可见,线粒体COI基因作为对虾科DNA条形码在物种的鉴别上具有很好的应用性,可以作为形态学分类系统的必要补充和佐证。 相似文献
4.
《水产学报》2020,(1)
对虾科(Penaeidae)包含有26个属,约有200多种对虾,由于同属内的对虾在形态上非常相似,只呈现细微的差别,因此使得只基于形态学对对虾科物种的鉴别非常困难。为确定DNA条形码技术在对虾科物种鉴别的可行性,在本研究中,我们采用线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶亚基I(COI)基因研究了32种对虾的核苷酸组成、对虾种间及种内遗传距离,用邻接法(Neighbor-joining)构建32种对虾COI基因序列系统发生树。结果表明,对虾COI基因组成偏倚明显,A+T含量(61.5%)显著高于G+C(38.5%)。基于Kimura双参数模型计算,32个物种的种内平均遗传距离为0.003,种间平均遗传距离(0.468)是种内遗传距离的156倍,符合Hebert提出的种间遗传距离大于或等于10倍种内遗传距离的标准。在系统进化树中,32种对虾中有30种对虾都以较高的置信度聚合成独立的分支。可见,线粒体COI基因作为对虾科DNA条形码在物种的鉴别上具有很好的应用性,可以作为形态学分类系统的必要补充和佐证。 相似文献
5.
为了探讨线粒体COI基因作为DNA条形码在中国鲿科(Bagridae)鱼类物种鉴定中的有效性,以及系统发育中的适用性,本研究对4属11种鲿科鱼类进行PCR扩增,获得48条线粒体COI基因序列,同时从Gen Bank筛选获得8种鲿科鱼类的12条COI基因序列进行分析。19种鲿科鱼类的COI基因序列特征显示:长度为674 bp的COI序列片段平均碱基组成为24.82%A,30.44%T,27.10%C和17.64%G,碱基组成呈现明显的AT偏倚性(55.26%),具有硬骨鱼类的线粒体COI基因的碱基组成的典型特征。核苷酸位点中有变异位点226个,简约信息位点195个,单一信息位点31个,转换颠换比为3.35。19种鲿科鱼类的种内、种间和属间平均遗传距离分别为0.0041、0.1136和0.1268,种间遗传距离平均为种内遗传距离的27.7倍。在本研究中,鲿科鱼类所有的物种均形成单系,在物种鉴别上与形态学分类结果基本一致,然而鲿科的4个属中只有鱯属形成单系,黄颡鱼属、属和拟鲿属均未形成单系,其进化地位需要进一步研究。线粒体COI基因作为条形码可有效对鲿科鱼类进行物种鉴定,也为鲿科的系统发育提供了参考。 相似文献
6.
《水产学报》2021,(1)
对虾科(Penaeidae)包含有26个属,约有200多种对虾,由于同属内的对虾在形态上非常相似,只呈现细微的差别,因此使得只基于形态学对对虾科物种的鉴别非常困难。为确定DNA条形码技术在对虾科物种鉴别的可行性,在本研究中,我们采用线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶亚基I(COI)基因研究了32种对虾的核苷酸组成、对虾种间及种内遗传距离,用邻接法(Neighbor-joining)构建32种对虾COI基因序列系统发生树。结果表明,对虾COI基因组成偏倚明显,A+T含量(61.5%)显著高于G+C(38.5%)。基于Kimura双参数模型计算,32个物种的种内平均遗传距离为0.003,种间平均遗传距离(0.468)是种内遗传距离的156倍,符合Hebert提出的种间遗传距离大于或等于10倍种内遗传距离的标准。在系统进化树中,32种对虾中有30种对虾都以较高的置信度聚合成独立的分支。可见,线粒体COI基因作为对虾科DNA条形码在物种的鉴别上具有很好的应用性,可以作为形态学分类系统的必要补充和佐证。 相似文献
7.
中国海口足类动物区系具有丰富的物种多样性,是我国海洋底栖生物中的重要经济类群。口足类的属内种间鉴别特征有的极为相似,仅依靠传统的形态分类方法很难对近缘种和疑难种进行准确的鉴定。DNA条形码技术可以弥补传统形态学鉴定的某些局限,为物种鉴定提供了有效的工具。该研究探讨了利用线粒体COI序列对中国海口足类进行物种鉴定的可行性,共获得口足目4总科6科24属38个种的204条线粒体COI序列,与Gen Bank收录的14种42条口足类同源序列进行比对,结果显示口足类COI基因不存在碱基插入缺失现象,碱基组成偏倚明显,A+T含量(63.5%)显著高于G+C含量(36.5%)。基于Kimura双参数模型计算遗传距离,结果显示遗传距离随着分类阶元的增高而增大。同物种种内个体间的遗传距离变化范围在0%~3.91%,平均值为0.76%。同属内各物种间的遗传距离变化范围为6.55%~18.99%,平均值为12.91%。同科内不同属间的遗传距离变化范围为9.16%~23.32%,平均值为16.89%。不同科间的遗传距离变化范围为16.52%~26.6%,平均值为21.31%。由此可见,口足类COI基因的种间和种内遗传距离存在明显的间隙。基于COI序列构建的口足类邻接关系树显示所有包含大于1个个体的物种均可形成单系群,且节点支持率均为100%。本研究证明了COI序列作为DNA条形码标准基因在口足类物种鉴定中的有效性。此外,研究发现中国沿海分布的口虾蛄可能至少存在两个隐存种,实证了基于COI序列的DNA条形码技术能够用于口虾蛄隐存多样性的探究。 相似文献
8.
本研究以库页岛马珂蛤(Pseudocardium sachalinense)为研究对象,讨论COI和16S rRNA两种DNA条形码在贝类的遗传多样性、分子进化和种类鉴定的适用性,并利用两种条形码评估库页岛马珂蛤的遗传多样性。本文在获得库页岛马珂蛤线粒体全基因组的基础上,测序获得库页岛马珂蛤群体的COI和16S rRNA序列,发现COI基因核苷酸多样性为0.00195,高于16S rRNA核苷酸多样性(0.00073)。基于COI基因的单倍型多样性为0.76,大于16S rRNA的单倍型多样性(0.318)。其次,用全线粒体基因组构建8种贝类的系统进化树为参考,发现基于COI和16S rRNA的系统进化树与参考一致,提示这两种条形码片段可用于推断贝类的分子进化关系。最后,分别对马珂蛤科和帘蛤科15属17种贝类的COI基因和16Sr DNA进行序列比较,发现COI基因和16S rRNA的种间遗传距离均是种内距离的62倍。以上结果说明,16S rRNA与COI基因一样,能有效地构建马珂蛤科和帘蛤科的系统发育关系和物种鉴定,但在分析库页岛马珂蛤的遗传多样性时利用COI基因比16S rRNA能发现更多的遗传变异。 相似文献
9.
山东近海习见鱼类DNA条形码及其电子芯片分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
从GenBank下载到13目50科73属77种山东近海鱼类的线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶I(CO I)序列,通过分析其遗传距离及系统进化,并基于CO I序列筛选物种特异性探针来分析DNA芯片技术在进行物种鉴定时的可行性。结果表明,在CO I基因DNA条形码的分析中,77种鱼类的种间遗传距离(平均0.117)明显大于种内遗传距离(平均0.0034),且每个物种的不同个体在进化树上都能聚在一起,提示DNA条形码能全部区分77个物种;根据CO I基因设计的用于芯片的特异性探针中,77个物种最终有64个可以筛选出物种特异性探针,占总物种数的83.1%,本研究旨在为山东近海鱼类物种鉴定提供了技术支持。 相似文献
10.
DNA条形码基因已经广泛应用在海洋贝类的分类鉴定、系统发育进化、种群遗传分析等领域的研究。为进一步研究评估不同DNA条形码基因在海洋贝类鉴定中的作用,本研究利用从Gen Bank数据库随机下载的帘蛤目COI、16S r RNA、18S r RNA和28S r RNA基因序列,通过传统距离法和单系聚类法结合分析,比较了上述DNA条形码基因在鉴定物种及系统发育进化中的鉴定效率,并以本实验室已获得的部分贝类DNA序列进行了验证。结果表明,根据"10倍法则"和"2%"阈值标准,本研究中COI能够鉴定57.1%物种,16S r RNA能够鉴定60.9%,18S r RNA鉴定16.7%,而28S r RNA无法有效鉴定;多数种COI和16S r RNA基因序列的种间遗传距离和种内遗传距离存在"条形码间隙",而18S r RNA和28S r RNA序列的种间和种内的遗传距离存在显著重叠,没有明显"条形码间隙";聚类分析结果表明,基于COI基因序列,87.9%的个体与同种聚为单系,以16S r RNA序列,65.6%的个体与同种聚为单系,未聚成单系的个体则形成姐妹系,未出现不同种聚为单系现象,能够呈现与形态分类基本一致的系统发生关系;但18S r RNA和28S r RNA呈现的聚类关系相对混乱。相对而言,在鉴定帘蛤目物种时,COI和16S r RNA都能够作为条形码基因,且COI有效性更高,18S r RNA和28S r RNA基因由于种内变异较大,不适于作为条码基因。研究结果为科学选用DNA条形码基因进行帘蛤目贝类的鉴定提供了参考资料。 相似文献
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12.
Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
13.
Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
14.
Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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Qin-Cheng Huang Di‐Gen Qin Bei‐Ping Tan Tao Du Yuan-Zhi Yang Qi-hui Yang Shu‐Yan Chi Xiao-hui Dong 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(2):816-827
A 5 × 3 factorial growth trial was conducted to evaluate optimal dietary protein and lipid levels (dietary protein level, DP; dietary lipid level, DL) for juvenile Sillago sihama (S. sihama) (2.0 ± 0.02 g, initial weight). Fish were fed 15 diets containing 5 DPs (350, 400, 450, 500 and 550 g/kg) and 3 DLs (60, 90 and 120 g/kg) for 8 weeks. The interaction between proteins and lipids significantly influenced the feed conversion ratio, condition factor, body composition, antioxidant indices and lipase activity (p < .05). DP 450 g/kg showed the highest average final body weight. DPs 500 and 550 g/kg significantly decreased the protein efficiency ratio (p < .05). DL 120 g/kg showed the highest percentage weight gain. The low feed conversion ratio was found in diets P45L12, P55L9 and P55L12. Diet P45L12 showed high superoxide dismutase activities. DP 450 g/kg showed the lowest average malondialdehyde content. Lipase activity was increased by increasing DP (p < .05) with a fall at DP 550 g/kg. Under the present experimental conditions, the optimal DP for S. sihama was 450 g/kg under the DL 120 g/kg. 相似文献
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Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) increased plasma inorganic phosphate concentration in American eels,Anguilla rostrata, in a dose-dependent fashion. This response was more marked in phosphate loaded fish. In control as well as phosphate loaded
eels the hyperphosphatemic response to D3 was associated with a sharp reduction in renal phosphate clearance relative to14C-polyethelene glycol (PEG) clearance. Glomerular filtration and urine flow rates were not affected by D3. As renal phosphate clearance, even in phosphate loaded eels, never significantly exceeded that of PEG, it is suggested that
D3 reduced the relative clearance rate of phosphate by increasing renal phosphate reabsorption rather than by reducing the tubular
secretion of phosphate. 相似文献