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1.
低温对草坪植物生命过程的影响 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
冰点以下的低温伤害植物株体,-9℃低温的伤害率达50％左右,-15℃是80％左右。温度降至-15℃时致死10％,-25℃时致死20％。供试草种建坪区的最低温度不低于-25℃。 相似文献
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本研究旨在确定体外培养的小鼠胚胎细胞合成HSP70的时期,研究热应激对该阶段胚胎细胞超微结构的影响.将合子和体外发育至2-细胞、4-细胞、8～16-细胞及囊胚阶段的胚胎分别进行37、39和41℃的热应激处理,用免疫荧光细胞化学法检测胚胎细胞中HSP70的诱导表达;将体外培养至早期囊胚的小鼠胚胎分别施以39℃2h和41℃2h处理,分别在热应激后0和2h时收集胚胎,制作超薄切片,用电子显微镜观察胚胎细胞的超微结构变化.在各细胞期胚胎中,37℃组胚胎HSP70表达阴性(一);39℃组胚胎,从8～16-细胞开始呈现弱表达(+),囊胚呈阳性表达(++);41℃组的胚胎从4-细胞开始呈现弱阳性表达(+),8～16-细胞胚胎和囊胚呈阳性表达(++).39和41℃热应激处理的小鼠早期囊胚超微结构和对照组均发生明显的变化,但经37℃恢复培养2h后,39℃组胚胎的各细胞器超微结构恢复正常,而41℃组胚胎未能恢复.结果表明,小鼠胚胎从4-细胞期有HSP70的诱导合成,在囊胚期诱导合成最多;热应激使胚胎亚细胞结构出现退行性变化,轻度退行性变化是可逆的. 相似文献
4.
《中国预防兽医学报》2017,(7)
为提高表达猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)ORF2基因的重组猪圆环病毒1型(PCV1)疫苗株(嵌合猪圆环病毒1-2,PCV1-2)在细胞内的增殖水平,本研究采用PK-15细胞,应用活细胞计数、间接免疫荧光及Taq Man荧光定量PCR等方法测定不同热应激温度和持续时间处理后细胞生长和病毒增殖的情况。结果显示,PK-15细胞可耐受41℃和43℃的培养环境,并且与常规培养方法相比43℃条件下热应激处理12 h可显著促进PCV1-2在细胞内的增殖,其病毒效价可达10~(6.0)TCID(_50)/m L以上。另外,热应激处理后病毒核酸拷贝数的动态变化表明,热应激对PCV1-2复制的影响主要在接毒后24 h至48 h内显现。本研究确定了促进PCV1-2增殖的热应激条件,为提高PCV1-2疫苗产量提供了方法。 相似文献
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《畜牧兽医学报》2015,(10)
旨在研究高效鸡囊胚细胞(Blastodermal cells,BCs)冷冻保存技术,为利用BCs保存禽类雌性遗传资源以及胚胎干细胞研究奠定基础。采用解冻后二乙酰荧光素(Fluorescein diacetate,FDA)染色以及培养24h后细胞贴壁率双重检测BCs活力方法,比较二甲基亚砜(DMSO)不同浓度、不同冷冻与解冻速率等对BCs的冷冻保存效果。结果表明:(1)DMSO不同浓度,20%组解冻后活力最高(0.58),与15%组差异不显著(P0.05),但与5%、10%和25%组差异极显著(P0.01);细胞复苏后贴壁率,20%组最高(30.5%),与15%组差异不显著(P0.05),与25%组差异显著(P0.05),与5%和10%组差异极显著(P0.01)。(2)冷冻速率,使用三步法冷冻,以-1℃·min-1的速率降温至-7℃,保持10min,继续降温分别至-15、-35、-55、-75℃后,投入液氮中保存,-75℃组解冻后活力最高(0.53),但与-35℃、-55℃组差异不显著(P0.05);贴壁率,各组间差异极显著(P0.01),其中-35℃组最高(36.6%)。(3)37℃水浴解冻,10s、1min、2min、3min解冻后,各组间活力差异不显著(P0.05),其中10s组最高(0.60),解冻后贴壁率,37℃水浴1min组结果最好(43.9%),与水浴2min组差异不显著(P0.05),但与水浴10s组差异显著(P0.05),与水浴3min组差异极显著(P0.01)。50℃水浴5s、20s、40s、1min解冻,5s组活力最高(0.70),与20s组差异显著(P0.05),与40s、1min组差异极显著(P0.01),解冻后贴壁率,各组间差异均极显著(P0.01),其中50℃水浴5s组最高(36.9%),50℃水浴1min组最低(5.6%)。综上表明,鸡BCs使用DMSO浓度为20%的冷冻保护剂进行细管冷冻,以-1℃·min-1的速率降温至-7℃保持10min,继续以此速率降温至-35℃后,投入液氮保存,37℃水浴1~2min解冻,BCs通过FDA染色与体外培养贴壁率双重检测均可获得较好效果。 相似文献
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在同一宿主细胞—鸡全胚细胞(CE)上同步增殖培育了鸡新城疫支气管炎、法氏囊病三株细胞弱毒,并研制成三联细胞弱毒疫苗。通过连续12批计200万羽份室内外各项性能指标测试,表明该三联苗安全性能可靠,免疫效果确实,使用方法简便。用20倍超大剂量接种5～15日龄雏鸡无任何不良反应;以常规量滴鼻,点眼或饮水免疫后7～10天产生免疫力;免疫后15天抗新城疫、支气管炎、法民囊病三株强毒攻击的保护率分别为 96.96％、86.25％、及84.06％;对15日龄雏首免,其免疫期至少为30天,35～40日龄时再作二免可维持至65日龄以上;该苗(暂为湿苗)-15℃保存期达半年以上,4℃为1个月。 相似文献
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《中国畜牧杂志》2016,(9)
为探究不同冷冻速率对鸡囊胚细胞冷冻效果的影响,使用胚胎冷冻仪分步冷冻,比较不同步骤中不同冷冻速率冷冻后,细胞二乙酸荧光素(FDA)染色活率(简称活率)和培养24 h后细胞贴壁率(简称贴壁率)。结果表明:第1步冷冻,-0.7℃/min组活率最高(0.846),但与-0.5℃和~1℃/min组差异不显著(P0.05)。-1℃/min组贴壁率最高(59.1%),且与各组间差异均极显著(P0.01)。第2步冷冻,投入液氮前不同温度,-75℃组活率最高(0.530),但与-35℃、-55℃组差异不显著(P0.05);-35℃组贴壁率最高(36.6%),且与各组间差异极显著(P0.01)。因此,鸡BCs使用胚胎冷冻仪进行分步冷冻,以-1℃/min的速率降温至-7℃保持10 min,继续以同样速率降温至-35℃投入液氮保存,解冻后不仅可以获得较好的活率,而且培养后可以获得较高的贴壁率。 相似文献
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北方地区四季分明 ,早春、晚秋和冬季 ,天气寒冷 ,气温低。在肉牛冷配工作中 ,要特别注意保温。尤其在是户外操作 ,如保温条件不好 ,操作有误 ,就会直接影响受配母牛的受胎效果。1 出现气胀症状的调查日期 :2 0 0 1年 10月下旬至 2 0 0 2年 1月中旬 ,当时的气温 :白天 - 5℃～ - 10℃ ,夜间 - 10℃～ - 17℃左右。输精地点 :户外。输精时间早上 6 30至7 30 ,气温 - 7℃～ - 10℃左右。调查地点是满井配种点 ,出现气胀母牛 12头。经过 :输精后 15ｍｉｎ左右 ,母牛开始出现气胀现象。 30ｍｉｎ时 ,呼吸急促 ,趴卧不起 ,气胀达最高点。4 0ｍ… 相似文献
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试验旨在研究敲除干扰素调节因子3 (interferon regulatory factor 3,IRF3)对伪狂犬病病毒(pseudorabies virus,PRV)复制的影响。使用慢病毒介导的CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术建立了IRF3基因敲除PK15细胞系。通过构建重组质粒pIRF3-sgRNA,转染至HEK293T/17细胞,收获慢病毒并感染PK15细胞,经嘌呤霉素筛选获得多克隆细胞系,T7酶切鉴定后通过有限稀释法获得PK15-IRF3~(-/-)单克隆稳定细胞系。为验证敲除IRF3基因稳定细胞系是否构建成功,采用实时荧光定量PCR、Western blotting方法检测PRV相关基因及蛋白的表达,应用荧光显微镜和流式细胞术观察病毒复制情况并进行病毒滴度检测。结果显示,PK15-IRF3~(-/-)细胞系感染PRV-GFP后PK15-IRF3~(-/-)细胞荧光强度明显强于PK15细胞。感染PRV野毒(PRV-QXX)后PK15-IRF3~(-/-)病毒滴度明显强于PK15细胞,PRV的gE蛋白水平明显高于PK15细胞。在mRNA水平检测两种细胞中PRV TK基因的变化也得到相同的结果。进一步研究表明,在感染PRV-QXX后,PK15细胞中IFN-βmRNA会随着时间增加显著增高(P0.05),但PK15-IRF3~(-/-)细胞中IFN-βmRNA则无明显变化。上述结果表明,敲除IRF3基因后显著促进PRV的增殖,IRF3在病毒的复制中发挥着重要作用,为伪狂犬病的防控提供了新的方法和策略。 相似文献
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试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
13.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
14.
Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
15.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
16.
B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
17.
Troxel MT Vite CH Van Winkle TJ Newton AL Tiches D Dayrell-Hart B Kapatkin AS Shofer FS Steinberg SA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):850-859
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma. 相似文献
18.
Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献