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1.
24只苏禽黄羽肉鸡随机分成2组,分别按10 mg/kg体重剂量静注和内服乳酸恩诺沙星。测定乳酸恩诺沙星在鸡体内的药动学参数和生物利用度。恩诺沙星血药浓度数据用3p87计算机软件处理。静注乳酸恩诺沙星后的血药浓度-时间数据符合二室开放模型,主要动力学参数:t1/2α(0.45±0.16)h,t1/2β(7.02±1.42)h,CL(s)(0.38±0.10)L/kg/h,AUC(23.69±5.56)(mg/L)×h。内服乳酸恩诺沙星的血药浓度时间数据,符合有吸收因素二室模型,主要动力学参数:t1/2ka(0.60±0.01)h,t1/2ke(8.25±1.73)h,tpeak(2.44±0.17)h,Cmax(1.44±0.30)mg/L,AUC(20.74±3.80)(mg/L)×h,F 87.54%。结果表明,乳酸恩诺沙星可溶性粉在鸡体内具有吸收快、分布广、消除较慢以及内服生物利用度高的药动学特征。  相似文献   

2.
喹乙醇在鸡体内的药物动力学及组织浓度研究   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  
本文对24只健康石岐杂中鸡单剂量内服(30mg/kg)和静注(20mg/kg)喹乙醇作了药动学分析,对32只健康石岐杂中鸡单剂量内服喹乙醇(30mg/kg)作了组织浓度测定。用高效液相色谱法测定不同时间血浆和组织的药物浓度。喹乙醇静注给药后的血药浓度——时间数据用房室分析法、内服给药后的血药浓度——时间数据用统计矩理论非房室分析法处理。经计算所得的主要动力学参数如下,内服:t1/2 ka 0.64±0.10h,t1/2 ke 1.25±0.06h,AUC_(po) 68.84±3.12mg/L·h;静注:t1/2α 0.27±0.02h,t1/2β 1.72±0.03h,Vd 0.56±0.05L/kg,CL_B 0.23±0.01L/kg/h,AUC_(iv) 87.20±1.58mg/L·h。生物利用度F为52.99±2.32％。组织浓度测定结果表明,喹乙醇在肌肉、肝、肾、脾、肺的浓度较低,给药后24小时,这五种组织中喹乙醇的残留已低于检测限(0.2μg/g)。喹乙醇在鸡体内的吸收、分布、消除均迅速。  相似文献   

3.
对5只成年绵羊,按40mg/kg体重静脉注射磺胺嘧啶,给药手5、15、30分钟和1、2、3、10小时分别测定血药浓度,结果5分钟时血药浓度为12.98±0.75mg％,1小时血药浓度降至6.71±0.34mg％。下降迅速。2个小时后,血药浓度下降的缓慢,1～2小时,血药浓度由6.71±0.34mg％下降至4.71±0.99mg％。可见磺胺嘧啶给绵羊静注后1～2小时,其血药浓度即降至最低抑菌浓度。给药后10小时血药浓度下降至1.40±0.90mg％,明显低于最低抑菌浓度。  相似文献   

4.
《中国兽医学报》2017,(12):2364-2369
8只健康比格犬采用随机交叉试验设计,盐酸特比萘芬注射液按5 mg/kg单剂量静注,盐酸特比萘芬片按20mg/kg单剂量口服给药,洗脱期为2周。采用高效液相色谱法测定犬血浆中特比萘芬的浓度,以药动学分析软件WinNonlin5.2的非房室模型分析方法处理血药浓度-时间数据。结果显示,犬静注盐酸特比萘芬注射液的药动学参数分别为:Tmax(0.083±0.000)h,Cmax(3.334±0.185)mg/L,T1/2β(15.158±8.558)h,MRT(2.443±1.132)h,AUClast(1.803±0.374)h·mg/L,Vd(49 778.164±25 594.370)mL/kg,CLB(2 414.907±577.369)kg·mL/h。犬口服盐酸特比萘芬片的主要药动学参数为:Tmax(1.875±0.791)h,Cmax(0.324±0.126)mg/L,T1/2β(18.150±10.557)h,MRT(5.019±1.591)h,AUClast(1.094±0.588)h·mg/L,Vd(395 321.202±236 694.989)mL/kg,CLB(14 340.535±3 560.508)kg·mL/h,Flast(16.589±11.495)%,F0~∞(18.236±8.114)%。结果表明,特比萘芬片剂在犬体内吸收迅速,保留时间更长,消除更为缓慢,有长效抑菌效果。  相似文献   

5.
盐酸多西环素缓释注射液在猪体内的药物动力学   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
健康猪6头,体质量(17.85±1.3)kg,按拉丁方设计进行单剂量静注、肌注盐酸多西环素注射液(普通制剂)和肌注盐酸多西环素缓释注射液,注射剂量按多西环素计均为20 mg/kg,比较盐酸多西环素缓释注射液和盐酸多西环素注射液在猪体内的药动学特征和生物利用度.用高效液相色谱法测定其血药浓度,试验所得的血药浓度-时间数据采用非房室模型统计矩原理分析处理.猪静注盐酸多西环素注射液的主要药物动力学参数为AUC(108.15±13,25)mg·h·L-1,MRT(5.56±1.08)h,CI(0.19±0.02)L·h-1·kg-1,Vd(ss)(1.04±0.09)L·kg-1,t1/2(4.07±0.65)h.猪肌注盐酸多西环素注射液和盐酸多西环素缓释注射液的主要药物动力学参数分别为MRT(15.18±2.13)h和(22.25±3.49)h;Tmax(1.135±0.44)h和(2.0±0.63)h;Cmax(3.32±0.33)mg·L-1和(3.10±0.29)mg·L-1;AUC(38.91±4.35)mg·h·L-1和(61.72±10.16)mg·h·L-1;F(36.66±7.88)%和(57.66±10.75)%.比较盐酸多西环素注射液和盐酸多西环素缓释注射液的主要药动学参数,除了Cmax以外,MRT、Tmax、AUC、F等主要参数均有显著的统计学意义(P＜0.05).这表明盐酸多西环素缓释注射液肌注后吸收缓慢.消除半衰期延长,临床用药48 h给药1次仍能维持对常见病原菌的有效血药浓度.  相似文献   

6.
妥拉苏林对静松灵及保定宁诱导的中枢抑制作用的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
用5只犬经25次实验,初步探讨了妥拉苏林(tolazoline)对静松灵及保定宁的拮抗效应。结果表明,妥拉苏林(静注5 mg/kg)可使静松灵和保定宁麻醉犬的平均起立时间(从静注拮抗剂到自行起立行走的时间),分别由对照组的27.4(肌注静松灵1.5mg/kg)、67.4(肌注静松灵2.0mg/kg)及48.3分钟(肌注保定宁2.5mg/kg),缩短为12.5、17.6和9.5分钟(P<0.05),从而提示妥拉苏林对静松灵或保定宁麻醉犬具有催醒作用。  相似文献   

7.
妥拉苏林和育亨宾对静松灵及保定宁麻醉羊的催醒实验   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
通过14只绵羊28次实验,观察到静注妥拉苏林(5mg/kg)可使静松灵(肌注2mg/kg)、保定宁(肌注2mg/kg)麻醉绵羊的平均起立时间(从静注拮抗剂到自行起立行走的时间),由对照的98.6min和95.8min,分别缩短为34.2min和30.4min (P<0.01);静注育亨宾(0.2mg/kg),则分别缩短为65.7min和65.0min(P<0.05)。从而提示,妥拉苏林、育亨宾对静松灵、保定宁麻醉绵羊均有催醒作用,且妥拉苏林优于育亨宾。实验还证明,妥拉苏林和育亨宾对静松灵或保定宁引起的麻醉绵羊的呼吸及心率变化,也有拮抗作用。  相似文献   

8.
SDM′对不同体重的猪采用单剂量给药,并按不同给药途径(静注、肌注、口服)与不 同的药物剂型、剂量分成6个组。给药后在不同时间时采血,然后分析血液中游离磺胺浓度。 通过测定的药时数据进行动力学分析。静注给药各组选用二字模型,肌注、口服给药各组选 用有吸收单室模型描述。 静注给药各组的t~1/_2β和tcp(ther)值,第二组(剂量50mg/kg,体重43.0±4.1kg)分别为 15.15±2.82h,17.98±3.34h;第二组(100mg/kg,11.3±2.5kg)分别为13.44±5.75h, 23.79±12.17h;第三组(100mg/kg,75.5±3.3kg)分别为17.59±2.10h,34.11±4.84h。 肌注给药(50mg/kg,56.0±6.2kg)吸收快而维持有效浓度时间短,Ka值为 2.3269± 1.0742,tcp(ther)值为9.79±2.12h。口服给药吸收慢,有效浓度维持时间较肌注长。胶囊剂 的吸收优于混悬剂,Ka值分别为0.3545±0.1426,0.2747±0.0666,有效浓度维持时间也较 混悬剂长,tcp(ther)值分别为17.93±1.38h,11.02±5.65h。 结果表明,SDM′在临床上有较好的使用价值。以静注给药最好,具有初始浓度高和维持 有效浓度时间长的优点,适用于治疗急性感染。口服和肌注给药仅能维持较低的血药浓度。 在不同体重猪的比较试验中,SDM′在幼猪比大猪分布快、排泄快。 本文还根据单剂量给药的研究,推算多剂量  相似文献   

9.
甲砜霉素在感染多杀性巴氏杆菌鸡体内的药物动力学   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
30只健康杂交肉鸡随机分成3组,每组10只,雌雄各半,分别进行健康鸡静脉注射、健康和巴氏杆菌感染鸡口服给药的药动学研究。静注和口服的给药剂量按体质量分别为15mg/kg和30mg/kg。以反相HPLC测定血浆中甲砜霉素的质量浓度,药物浓度-时间数据用3P97药动学程序软件处理。健康鸡单剂量静注给药后,血药浓度-时间数据符合无吸收二室开放模型,其主要动力学参数分别为:V(c)为(0.58±0.09)L/kg,t1/2α(0.11±0.03)h,t1/2β(0.95±0.18)h,AUC为(11.99±0.90)mg/(L.h),CL(s)为(1.26±0.10)L/(kg.h)。健康鸡和巴氏杆菌感染鸡单剂量口服给药血药浓度-时间数据均符合一级吸收一室开放模型。健康鸡口服给药的主要动力学参数分别为:Lagtime(0.04±0.02)h,t1/2ka(0.16±0.08)h,t1/2ke(1.64±0.22)h,T(peak)(0.57±0.18)h,C(max)(6.34±0.56)mg/L,AUC为(19.02±1.48)mg/(L.h),F为79.32%。巴氏杆菌感染鸡口服给药的主要动力学参数分别为:Lagtime(0.07±0.02)h,t1/2ka(0.54±0.26)h,t1/2ke(1.74±0.27)h,T(peak)(1.31±0.39)h,C(max)(5.28±0.73)mg/L,AUC为(21.75±1.03)mg/(L.h),F90.70%。与健康鸡相比,甲砜霉素在感染鸡的t1/2(ka)、T(peak)和Lag-time显著延长(P0.05或P0.01),且比健康鸡具有更高的生物利用度。但甲砜霉素在巴氏杆菌感染鸡体内的消除速度未受影响。  相似文献   

10.
本实验用马4匹、牛3头,通过自身对照28次试验,观察了妥拉苏林对保定宁麻醉马、牛的最佳催醒剂量和妥拉苏林复合剂的催醒效果。结果,静注6mg/kg的妥拉苏林和妥拉苏林复合剂可使保定宁(1.5mg/kg)麻醉马的完全苏醒时间,由对照组的103.3分钟分别缩短为16和13.5分钟(P<0.01);静注4mg/kg的妥拉苏林可使保定宁(2mg/kg)麻醉牛的完全苏醒时间,由对照组的168.7分钟缩短为72.3分钟(P<0.05)。因此认为,妥拉苏林和妥拉苏林复合剂可以作为保定宁麻醉马、牛的催醒剂而应用于临床。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

17.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

18.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

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