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花[鱼骨](Hemibarbus maculates Bleeker)前、中、后肠及肝胰脏的蛋白酶的最适温度为40℃;前、中、后肠及肝胰脏的淀粉酶的最适温度为40℃。前、中、后肠蛋白酶的最适pH值分别为5.0、7.0、7.0.肝胰脏蛋白酶最适pH值为7.0;前、中、后肠淀粉酶的最适pH值分别为5.0、7.0、7.0,肝胰脏淀粉酶最适pH值为7.0。 相似文献
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淡水白鲳、团头鲂、黄颡鱼主要消化酶活性研究 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
同种鱼不同组织,蛋白酶和淀粉酶最适温度相同,淡水白鲳、团头鲂、黄颡鱼各组织淀粉酶和蛋白酶的最适温度分别为25℃、35℃、35℃、25℃和45℃、50℃、50℃。淡水白鲳和团头鲂淀粉酶的最适PH值均为6.4,黄颡鱼肝胰脏、肠、胃最适PH为6.8、6.8,6.4。淡水白鲳和黄颡鱼蛋白酶最适PH值胃、肠、肝胰脏分别为2.6、8.0、10.0和4.2、8.0、10.0。团头鲂蛋白酶最适PH值肠,肝胰脏分别为8.0、9.4。同种鱼不同组织淀粉酶均以肝脏胰活性最高,且三种鱼顺序:团头鲂>淡水白鲳>黄颡鱼;同种不同组织蛋白酶活性顺序为:胃>肠>肝胰脏,三种鱼蛋白酶活性顺序为:淡水白鲳>黄颡鱼>团头鲂。 相似文献
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《饲料研究》2016,(3)
试验采用Folin酚法和3,5—二硝基水杨酸法对四川裂腹鱼离体消化器官蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性进行测定。结果表明:在最适p H和最适温度条件下,肠道(由前至后)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ段和肝胰的蛋白酶活性分别为815.25、145.10、623.43、743.93和84.84μg/(g·min),各组织活性高低依次为肠段Ⅰ肠段Ⅳ肠段Ⅲ肠段Ⅱ肝胰;淀粉酶活性分别为23.77、28.01、38.86、22.25和21.20 mg/(g·min),各组织活性高低依次为肠段Ⅲ肠段Ⅱ肠段Ⅰ肠段Ⅳ肝胰。各部位蛋白酶活性的最适p H和最适温度并不相同,最适p H肝胰2.6,肠段Ⅰ9.0,肠段Ⅱ8.2,肠段Ⅲ7.8,肠段Ⅳ8.6;最适温度为肠段Ⅰ和肠段Ⅳ35℃,肠段Ⅱ55℃,肠段Ⅲ45℃,肝胰40℃。淀粉酶活性的最适p H和最适温度也不相同,最适p H肠段Ⅰ和肠段Ⅱ8.2,肝胰7.8,肠段Ⅲ和肠段Ⅳ9.0;最适温度肠段Ⅱ50℃,肠段Ⅲ40℃,肠段Ⅰ、肠段Ⅳ和肝胰35℃。 相似文献
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HUANG Yongchun 《动物营养学报》2012,24(5)
本试验旨在比较不同反应温度下日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonics)及其僵鳗消化酶活性的差异.试验选取正常生长的日本鳗鲡(126.4~140.2g/尾)以及生长缓慢的僵鳗(3.5~8.6 g/尾)各20尾,取肝胰脏、胃、肠,分别在5、15、25、30、35、40、45和55℃反应温度下测定肝胰脏、胃、肠中蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶活性.结果表明:正常鳗和僵鳗肝胰脏、胃、肠蛋白酶活性均在45℃时达到最高值,且蛋白酶活性(除5、15、55℃时的僵鳗蛋白酶活性外)均表现为肠>胃>肝胰脏;僵鳗肝胰脏、肠、胃蛋白酶活性分别为正常鳗的29.5%、15.7%和25.2%(P<0.05).正常鳗和僵鳗淀粉酶活性均在30℃时达到最高值,正常鳗淀粉酶活性(除5℃时的淀粉酶活性外)表现为肝胰脏>肠>胃,僵鳗淀粉酶活性表现为肠>肝胰脏>胃;僵鳗肝胰脏、肠、胃淀粉酶活性分别为正常鳗的42.4%、73.7%和43.8% (P <0.05).正常鳗和僵鳗脂肪酶活性均在35℃时达到最高值,正常鳗脂肪酶活性表现为肝胰脏>胃>肠,僵鳗脂肪酶活性(除35℃时的脂肪酶活性外)表现为肝胰脏>肠>胃;僵鳗肝胰脏、肠、胃脂肪酶活性分别为正常鳗的41.5%、45.6%和23.2% (P <0.05).由此可见,日本鳗鲡僵鳗肝胰脏、胃、肠中蛋白酶、淀粉酶及脂肪酶活性均显著低于正常鳗,从而直接影响其生长发育. 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献