共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
20世纪80年代初,国家把水产动物营养学与饲料配方等研究列入国家饲料开发项目,开始了水产动物营养与饲料的研究.目前,对鲤鱼、草鱼、鲫鱼、斑点叉尾(鱼回)、罗非鱼等营养与饲料研究具备了一定基础,但由于起步晚、投入少、基础研究薄弱,缺乏系统的科学研究,大多数养殖品种营养研究不够深入,制约了水产饲料工业的发展.水产动物营养研究与饲料技术的开发是水产饲料工业的基础.因此,我国对水产动物营养的研究和开发十分迫切. 相似文献
2.
19世纪80年代,动物营养学家开始研究非消化性低聚糖作为饲料添加剂对单胃动物的生产性能、饲料效率以及控制病菌的影响.低聚糖包括葡糖、果糖-低聚糖、甘露糖-低聚糖、葡糖-低聚糖和半乳糖-低聚糖.它们具有促进肠内原有微生物生长作用.90年代初,就已有食品和饲料2种呋喃低聚糖产品. 相似文献
3.
许多动物营养学家认为，饲料酶制剂是配合饲料中的一种必需成分．这种观点起始于20世纪90年代。此后，随着酶制剂在饲料中的应用，酶制剂在改善饲料的消化利用率、降低原料营养价值的变异以及在提高动物生产性能方面的作用已经得到大量试验和生产数据的证实。 相似文献
4.
第一节中药饲料添加剂概述
一 中药饲料添加剂的概念和分类
1 饲料添加剂的概念
饲料添加剂，是指在饲料加工、贮存、调配和使用过程中，为满足动物某些特殊需要而添加的特殊物质的总称，是配合饲料的重要组成部分。添加目的主要为改善饲料营养、提高饲料利用率、增强饲料的适口性、促进动物生长发育、提高动物生产性能、防治动物疾病、改进动物产品品质、便于饲料加工和贮藏等。 相似文献
5.
冯春霞 《养殖与饲料．饲料世界》2006,(9):35-36
要使动物食品真正成为让老百姓放心的安全食品，首先必须从源头抓起，严把饲料安全关。只有有了无公害饲料产品，才能生产出无公害的动物食品。动物食品的质量和安全，受到饲料组成、动物健康、养殖环境卫生、屠宰加工及产品的运输和储存方式等诸多因素的影响。养殖是动物食品生产的第一环节，饲料是这一环节的主要部分，因此在饲料生产上实行安全控制，是生产出安全动物产品的关键。要生产出安全、无公害的动物产品，必须从饲料源头抓起。 相似文献
6.
毛皮动物(狐、貉、貂)为肉食动物,动物性蛋白质饲料在其饲料中所占比重较大,但随着我国狐、貉、貂养殖量的增加及用于毛皮动物养殖的海杂鱼资源的减少,毛皮动物主要饲料原料鲜海杂鱼、鲜肉及畜禽下杂等产品的价格逐渐升高,导致养殖成本上升。目前以鱼粉、肉骨粉、谷物性饲料等为主要原料的毛皮动物干粉或颗粒全价饲料、配合饲料及浓缩饲料逐渐被广大养殖户接受和使用。用于饲养毛皮动物(狐、貉、貂)的饲料种类很多,一般习惯于把狐、貉、貂的饲料分为动物性饲料、植物性饲料。在此,把常规饲料原料作为毛皮动物饲料使用时应注意的事项做一简要概述。 相似文献
7.
8.
20世纪90年代,动物营养学家们普遍认为,饲料酶制剂是配合饲料中的一个必须成分。此后,随着酶制剂在饲料中的应用,酶制剂在改善饲料的消化率、降低原料营养价值的变异以及在提高动物生产性能方面的作用已经得到大量试验数据的证实。随着饲料酶制剂研究的逐渐深入 相似文献
9.
麦饭石在动物生产上的应用研究概述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
麦饭石是一种天然矿石，其主要成分为硅铝酸盐．北来开始，中医就将其制成浸膏用于治疗痈疽发背．目前已应用于医药、饮食、酿造、日用化工和改良水稻等方面，收到了较好的效果．80年代中后期开始，有关专家将其应用于动物生产的研究证明，麦饭石做为一种动物饲料添加剂，有着不可估量的前景．现将该石在动物生产上的应用研究情况概述如下．l养猪湛浪光等在70R龄育肥猪口粮中加入3．313％麦饭石微粒，经62天饲养试验，提高日增重10．74％，每公斤增重的饲料消耗下降03ks，每头增加纯收入12，86元，提高效益25．26％．日本早）I亚太郎用2％… 相似文献
10.
我国鱼类营养与饲料的发展及研究趋势 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
20世纪80年代初期,国家把水产动物营养学与饲料配方等研究列入了国家饲料开发项目,开始了我国水产动物营养与饲料的研究。目前,对鲤鱼、草鱼、鲫鱼、斑点叉尾鮰、罗非鱼等营养与饲料研究具备了一定基础,但由于起步晚、投入少、基础研究薄弱,缺乏系统的科学研究,大多数养殖品种营养研究不够深入,制约了渔用饲料工业的发展。水产动物营养研究与饲料技术的开发是水产饲料工业的基础,因此,我国对水产动物营养的研究和开发十分迫切。1研究现状1.1鱼类营养的科技成就我国从“六五”至“八五”期间,相继开展了“我国主要养殖鱼类的营养需求和鱼饲料… 相似文献
11.
12.
魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
13.
14.
本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
15.
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
16.
17.
18.
Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
19.
乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
20.
Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献