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1.
【目的】由柑橘黄单胞菌芒果致病变种引起的细菌性角斑病是一种危害严重的细菌性病害,筛选和培育抗病品种是目前最经济有效的防控手段。鉴定评价芒果种质对细菌性角斑病菌的抗性,可为芒果抗病新品种选育提供理论依据。【方法】选取我国芒果种质凯特、热农一号、澳芒和金煌等33个常用栽培品种,采用室内离体芒果果实刺伤接种的方法,根据不同芒果种质的感病情况,结合系统聚类分析法、病斑平均直径法、病情指数法等评价方法对其抗病性进行分级。【结果】在33份芒果种质中,热农一号和KRS对细菌性角斑病表现为高抗, Zillate、鹰嘴等5个品种为中抗材料;中感材料有0902、0905、圣心、玉文等15个;感病材料有广西四号、东镇红芒、大头芒7个;高感材料凯特和红象牙等4个。【结论】2个高抗品种和4个高感品种可用于芒果抗病育种的进一步研究。  相似文献   

2.
以柑橘褐斑病高抗品种Lw8,中抗品种L2,高感品种Lw14为实验材料,通过孢子喷雾法使柑橘褐斑病菌感染柑橘叶片,研究接菌0d、1d、2d、3d、6d、8d、10d时,柑橘叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、几丁质酶(CHT)酶和β-1,3葡聚糖酶(GLU)含量及活性变化规律与品种抗病性的关系。结果表明,接种前,两个抗病品种Lw8、L2中的POD、SOD、PAL、PPO 、GLU、CHT活性显著高于高感品种Lw14,CAT活性则与高感品种Lw14相近；接种后,3个不同抗性品种中SOD、POD、CAT、PAL、PPO 、GLU、CHT 7种防御酶活性较对照明显提高,但不同品种增加幅度不一致,除CAT外,其余6种防御酶活性均表现为抗病品种Lw8、L2增幅显著高于高感品种Lw14,且两个抗病品种一般在接菌3d内6种防御酶活性迅速升高并达到峰值；而高感品种Lw14防御酶(除CAT外)活性或增幅较小或较两个抗病品种滞后。本研究初步探讨了不同抗性品种接种褐斑病菌后7种防御酶的活性动态变化与柑橘品种抗病性关系,为进一步研究其抗病机理奠定基础。  相似文献   

3.
为了探讨采后菠萝果实黑心病发病过程中酚类物质代谢的变化规律,以感病品种‘巴厘’和抗病品种‘无刺卡因’的菠萝果实为材料,将其贮藏至25℃条件下,每隔2 d调查病情指数的变化情况,并对菠萝果肉进行取样,测定果实总酚和2,8-二羟甲基蒽醌含量的变化,同时对酚类代谢相关酶(PPO、POD、CAT、PAL)活性的变化趋势进行测定,结果表明,菠萝果实在贮藏第6 d 时,发病率达到80%,病情指数为15.24%,第8 d时,病情指数达到70%。发病部位果肉总酚和2,8-二羟甲基蒽醌含量呈先上升后下降的趋势,峰值分别出现在第6 d和第8 d,显著高于健康部位。酚类代谢相关酶中,PPO活性从第4 d开始出现了快速升高,而POD、PAL则第4 d之后呈下降趋势。伴随着菠萝黑心病的发生,果肉酚代谢发生了显著的变化,酚代谢紊乱失衡可能是病害发生的重要机理之一。  相似文献   

4.
不同苜蓿品种对豌豆蚜的生化抗性机制   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  
采用紫外分光光度法和高锰酸钾法测定了不同抗蚜性苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)品种受豌豆蚜(Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris)为害胁迫后叶片内叶绿素(Chl)、可溶性蛋白、总酚含量及防御性酶多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的动态变化,以期明确各项生理指标与抗虫性之间的关系。结果表明:在蚜虫刺吸诱导过程中,4个品种的PPO均呈先下降后上升的趋势,其中接蚜前抗虫品种甘农5号(G5)PPO活性高于感虫品种猎人河(Hu)和低抗品种甘农3号(G3)、金皇后(JH),接蚜后迅速下降,其活性低于感虫品种;抗虫品种甘农5号CAT活性和总酚含量始终高于低抗品种和感虫品种;感虫品种(Hu)Chl含量高于低抗品种(G3,JH),但低于抗虫品种(G5);感虫品种和抗虫品种的可溶性蛋白含量低于低抗品种(除第3 d高于G3);4个品种的CAT活性、Chl含量、可溶性蛋白含量均呈下降趋势。因此,苜蓿品种的Chl、可溶性蛋白、PPO与其对豌豆蚜抗性的相关性不明确,而总酚、CAT与抗蚜性呈正相关。  相似文献   

5.
过氧化物酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶与苜蓿白粉病抗性的关系   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  
以8个对白粉病有不同抗性的苜蓿品种(Medicgo sativa L.)为材料,研究人工接菌后叶片过氧化物酶(POD)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性的变化及其与抗病性的关系。结果表明:未接菌的品种间PAL活性差异不显著,而POD活性则差异显著(P<0.05);感病品种POD活显著高于抗病品种;接种白粉病菌后,供试品种间叶片PAL活性和POD活性均升高,其中抗病品种间PAL活性升高幅度显著大于感病品种,其变化与病情指数呈负相关,而POD活性的变化则相反;POD活性和PAL活性与苜蓿品种对白粉病的抗性密切相关。  相似文献   

6.
本研究以盆栽紫花苜蓿为试验材料，在聚乙二醇（PEG-6000）模拟干旱的条件下，分别以硝普钠、c-PTIO(carboxy-PTIO)为NO供体和清除剂进行叶面喷施，通过研究紫花苜蓿幼苗叶片、根系中次生代谢产物及关键代谢酶活性的变化，探讨干旱胁迫对次生代谢产物的影响及NO介导下紫花苜蓿耐旱机制的响应。结果表明，干旱胁迫使紫花苜蓿叶片及根系中总酚、类黄酮、木质素和花青素的含量呈先升高后降低的变化趋势，同时增强了苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）和多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性。外源NO的施加则会促进这种趋势的进行，使总酚含量提高33.08%，在胁迫后期仍使酚类物质保持较高的代谢水平，改善胁迫所导致的损伤状况。而NO抑制剂c-PTIO则会不同程度地抑制紫花苜蓿幼苗中酚类物质的合成及其代谢关键酶的活性。因此，外源NO的喷施使紫花苜蓿中次生代谢物的积累与抗氧化酶活性维持在一个高于仅干旱胁迫的水平，更大限度地降低干旱对紫花苜蓿造成的危害，提高对干旱的耐受性。本研究进一步扩充了紫花苜蓿抗旱手段的工具箱，对紫花苜蓿的抗旱具有重要的意义。  相似文献   

7.
我国芒果产区因缺乏采后处理条件，致使芒果在货架期品质劣变严重。本文研究了在果实生长期喷施茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA）对‘红贵妃’芒果采后品质的影响。结果表明：与对照相比，5 mg/L的MeJA处理显著降低了芒果货架期的病情指数和发病率、延缓了果皮转黄、提高了果肉的TSS和Vc含量、降低了TA含量，使芒果在货架期保持较好的外观和营养品质。同时，MeJA处理抑制了采后炭疽病的发生，在货架前期降低了CAT和POD活性，提高了总酚、总黄酮、H2O2含量，在货架后期提高了CAT和POD活性，降低了H2O2含量。本研究表明，生长期MeJA处理使芒果保持较好货架期品质与其增强果实在货架期的抗病性有关。  相似文献   

8.
以抗蓟马苜蓿品种甘农 9 号(Medicago sativa cv. Gannong No. 9)、感蓟马苜蓿品种甘农 3 号 (Medicago sativa cv. Gannong No. 3)和高感蓟马苜蓿品种 WL363HQ(Medicago sativa cv. WL363HQ) 为试验材料,紫花苜蓿苗期接种不同头数(0、4、5、6 头/枝条)的蓟马成虫,取食 5 d 后比较不同抗性苜蓿品种叶片中次生代谢物质(黄酮、单宁、木质素)含量和防御酶(过氧化物酶(POD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶 (PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO))活性的变化。结果表明：随着蓟马头数的增加,供试苜蓿品种的黄酮、单宁和木质素含量均显著高于 CK(P＜0. 05)。5、6 头/枝条处理时,甘农 9 号的单宁含量分别较甘农 3 号显著提高了 53. 49%,47. 70%;较 WL363HQ 分别显著增加了 71. 52%,58. 60%(P＜0. 05)。甘农 9 号的木质素含量在 5、6 头/枝条处理下均显著高于甘农 3 号和 WL363HQ,增幅分别为 5. 60%,3. 50% 和 6. 13%,3. 96%(P＜0. 05)。蓟马取食胁迫显著提高了供试苜蓿品种的 POD 和 PAL 活性,显著降低了 PPO 活性(P＜0. 05)。甘农 9 号的 POD 和 PAL 活性在 5 头/枝条处理下较甘农 3 号分别显著增加了 2. 60%,1. 09%;较 WL363HQ 分别显著提高了 1. 36%,3. 54%;6 头/枝条处理后甘农 9 号的 POD 和 PAL 活性均显著高于甘农 3 号(5. 19%,9. 36%)和 WL363HQ(2. 58%,11. 18%)(P＜0. 05)。  相似文献   

9.
以4个抗病性不同的柱花草品种为材料,研究了接种胶胞炭疽菌后过氧化物酶(POD)、草酸氧化酶(OXO)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、抗坏血酸氧化酶(AAO)、几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性的变化。高抗品种Tarido、中抗品种CIAT184和TPRC90087在接种后能较快和较大幅度诱导POD活性,在48 h分别为对照的2.69,1.48和2.27倍。而高感品种Graham需较长时间才诱导POD活性,且诱导幅度较低,在48 h与对照相比没有增加。高抗品种Tar-ido接种炭疽菌后PPO活性持续升高,96 h达到最大值时,处理是对照的2.22倍,中抗品种和高感品种Graham的PPO活性在接种后与对照间差异不大。Tarido的β-1,3-葡聚糖酶在接种后诱导幅度和持续时间均大于CIAT184和TPRC90087,最大增幅依次为对照的1.72,1.46和1.45倍。而高感品种Graham的酶活性无变化。4个品种的总几丁质酶、AAO和OXO活性在接种后与对照相差不大。结果表明,柱花草接种后POD、PPO和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性被诱导的时间及程度可能与品种的抗病性大小有关。  相似文献   

10.
接种后柱花草防御酶活性变化及PAL基因表达分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
在抗病Mineriao和感病CIAT2312柱花草(Stylosanthes spp.)叶片接种炭疽病病原菌后,测定苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性。结果表明:接种后两种柱花草种质3种酶活性均先升后降,其中抗病株高于感病株,酶活性与柱花草对炭疽病的抗性密切相关;从Mineirao柱花草中克隆出PAL基因,半定量RT-PCR分析表明,其表达量高于CIAT2312柱花草,初步推测柱花草PAL基因对柱花草具有抗炭疽病作用。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

17.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

18.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

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