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1.
Osmotic fragility of erythrocytes was tested in weaned pigs experimentally infected with Eperythrozoon (E.) suis. Acute eperythrozoonosis of splenectomized pigs led to an increase of osmotic fragility. It is supposed that E. suis infection causes a structural change in erythrocyte membrane. Possible mechanisms of this cell membrane injury are discussed. 相似文献
2.
In vitro and in vivo glucose consumption in swine eperythrozoonosis 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
J E Smith J E Cipriano S M Hall 《Zentralblatt für Veterin?rmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of veterinary medicine. Series B》1990,37(8):587-592
One complication of swine eperythrozoonosis is the hypoglycemia that occurs during parasitemia. To determine the cause of the hypoglycemia, we studied glucose consumption in splenectomized pigs infected with Eperythrozoon suis. With the rapid rise of erythroparasites, the in vitro glucose consumption of parasited whole blood increased dramatically, and hypoglycemia developed. Because mature porcine erythrocytes are impermeable to glucose, the increased glucose consumption is most logically the result of E. suis metabolism. Iodoacetamide and sodium fluoride (which inhibit glycolysis), but not sodium cyanide (which prevents cellular respiration), and tetracycline (which is used to treat eperythrozoonosis) inhibited glucose consumption. In vivo glucose turnover studies before infection and during peak parasitemia indicated an increased glucose production by infected pigs during parasitemia. The results suggest that hypoglycemia occurs during swine eperythrozoonosis because the parasite uses glucose faster than the gluconeogenic pathways can provide it. 相似文献
3.
Hoelzle LE Felder KM Hoelzle K 《Tier?rztliche Praxis. Ausgabe G, Grosstiere/Nutztiere》2011,39(4):215-220
Mycoplasma suis (formerly known as Eperythrozoon suis ) is the most prevalent agent causing haemolytic anaemia in swine. The disease is also known as porcine eperythrozoonosis. M.suis is a small, pleomorphic bacteria parasitizing porcine erythrocytes. To date, no in vitro cultivation system for M.suis has been established and, therefore, our knowledge about the characteristics of M.suis and the pathogenesis of porcine eperythrozoonosis is rather limited. M.suis can cause acute disease, but the major significance of M.suis infections lies in the fact that M.suis can establish chronic and persistent infections leading to a higher susceptibility to other infections, especially of the respiratory and digestive tracts. The present article summarizes the current knowledge of the pathogen, the clinical signs and pathogenesis, diagnostic as well as therapy and prophylaxis. 相似文献
4.
为对送检的发病藏香猪病死因进行确诊,本试验采用常规PCR、RT-PCR及荧光定量PCR方法,并结合流行病学调查、临床诊断及病理剖检等实验室检测对送检病料进行诊断,结果显示病死猪心脏、肺脏充血出血,肺脏肉变,气管内充满白色泡沫,全身淋巴结出血;荧光定量PCR方法检测猪圆环病毒呈阳性,PCR方法检出猪伪狂犬病病毒特异性条带,未见猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、猪肺炎支原体条带,RT-PCR方法未扩增出猪瘟病毒、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒特异性条带;血液涂片染色镜检可见猪附红细胞体。结果表明病死猪为猪伪狂犬病、猪圆环病毒病与猪附红细胞体病混合感染,采用经实验室诊断给出的综合防治方案治疗后,疫情得到控制。本次病例的诊治为养猪业可能发生的猪伪狂犬病、猪圆环病毒病、猪附红细胞体病的混合感染提供了有效的防治方法和借鉴经验。 相似文献
5.
The erythrocytes of 2 cats experimentally infected with Cytauxzoon felis were examined by light and electron microscopy. In stained blood smears, parasitized erythrocytes usually contained a single, roundish organism, but occasionally up to 4 were present in a cell. Chains of these roundish organisms also were seen. Elongated parasites, sometimes with ear-like projections, were present in a few erythrocytes. By electron microscopy, the parasite contained a poorly defined nucleus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, nonplicated mitochondria, food vacuoles, and a cytostome on its limiting membrane. Usually, the parasite was oval, but budding forms also were evident. Crystalloid inclusions were present in parasitized and nonparasitized erythrocytes. 相似文献
6.
Development of a diagnostic PCR assay based on novel DNA sequences for the detection of Mycoplasma suis (Eperythrozoon suis) in porcine blood 总被引：34，自引：0，他引：34
An efficient method of control of porcine eperythrozoonosis (PE) caused by Mycoplasma suis is eradication of infection by detection and removal of infected carrier animals. At present, only a few tests are available for the diagnosis of these latent M. suis infections in pigs. The objective of this study was to develop a PCR assay based on novel DNA sequences for the identification of M. suis-infected pigs. A 1.8 kb EcoRI DNA fragment of the M. suis genome was isolated from the blood of pigs experimentally infected with M. suis. Specificity of the DNA fragment was confirmed by DNA sequence analysis and PCR using primers directed against sequences contained in the 1.8 kb fragment. PCR products of 782 bp in size were amplified only from M. suis particles prepared from the blood of experimentally infected pigs but not from any controls, comprising blood from gnotobiotic piglets and a panel of bacteria including other porcine mycoplasmas. PCR results were confirmed by dot blot hybridisation. The applicability of the PCR assay to diagnose M. suis infections in pigs was evaluated by investigating blood samples from 10 symptomatic pigs with clinical signs typical of porcine eperythrozoonosis and blood samples from 10 healthy pigs. The M. suis-specific PCR product was amplified from all samples taken at episodes of acute disease as well as from samples taken during the latent stage of infection, thus demonstrating the suitability of the PCR assay for detecting latent infected carrier animals. 相似文献
7.
Schreiner SA Sokoli A Felder KM Wittenbrink MM Schwarzenbach S Guhl B Hoelzle K Hoelzle LE 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,156(1-2):88-95
Mycoplasma suis belongs to the haemotrophic mycoplasmas which colonise red blood cells of a wide range of vertebrates. Adhesion to red blood cells is the crucial step in the unique lifecycle of M. suis. Due to the lack of a cultivation system, identification of adhesion structures has been difficult. So far, only one adhesion protein, i.e. MSG1 was identified. In order to determine further adhesion molecules of M. suis, we screened genomic M. suis libraries and performed Southern blot hybridisation analyses of genomic M. suis DNA. The α-enolase of M. suis was identified and analysed genetically and functionally. The encoding gene has 1623 bp in size. The deduced amino acid sequence showed an overall identity of 59.6-65.1% to α-enolases of other pathogenic mycoplasmas. The 540 aa M. suis α-enolase displays a size extension of about 90 aa in comparison to α-enolases of other mycoplasmas. Recombinant α-enolase expressed in Escherichia coli demonstrated immunogenicity in experimentally infected pigs. Immunoblot, confocal laser scanning microscopy and immune electron microscopy analysis using antibodies against recombinant α-enolase, indicate the membrane and surface localisation of native α-enolase in M. suis, though no typical signal sequences exist. Furthermore, we showed that recombinant α-enolase binds to porcine erythrocyte lysate in a dose-dependent manner. E. coli transformants which express α-enolase on their surface acquire the ability to adhere to porcine red blood cells. In conclusion, our observations indicate that α-enolase could be involved in the adhesion of M. suis to porcine red blood cells. 相似文献
8.
猪附红细胞体电镜特点及药物治疗效果的电镜观察 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
近年来,国内外很多关于猪附红细胞体病诊断与防治的文章,但对猪附红细胞体本身形态学报道的文章却很少.本实验对猪附镜下的各形态、大小以及感染强度作了较详细的描述.球形、环形、圆盘形为E.suis的主要形态,体形较大的E.suis以芽苞生殖进行繁殖,感染强度随着病情的发展而呈现波浪形态变化.对致病机制作了进一步的阐述,在急性阶段,附红细胞体病会引起由一种经冷凝素IgM来介导的或与之相关的自身免疫溶血性贫血.最终结合电镜观察临床药物治疗效果,长效土霉素、贝尼尔在防治猪附红体病有一定的疗效. 相似文献
9.
10.
The clinicopathologic, light, and scanning electron microscopic features of eperythrozoonosis in four naturally infected llamas 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
W J Reagan F Garry M A Thrall S Colgan J Hutchison M G Weiser 《Veterinary pathology》1990,27(6):426-431
The hematologic, biochemical, and light and scanning electron microscopic features of eperythrozoonosis in four llamas are described. One female and three male yearling llamas were presented for evaluation of chronic weight loss. Three of four llamas had historical evidence of chronic inflammatory conditions. On examination, multiple clinical problems were apparent, including poorly to non-regenerative anemia, inflammatory disease, and hypoproteinemia. Coccoid- and ring-shaped basophilic organisms were present on the erythrocytes of all the llamas. On scanning electron microscopy, individual, pairs, and clusters of coccoid-shaped organisms were present on the erythrocytes. The organisms measured 0.4 to 0.6 micron in diameter and caused no marked deformation of the erythrocyte membrane. A rare organism could be found that produced a slight indentation into the erythrocyte membrane. The light and scanning electron microscopic morphologic features suggested that the organism was an Eperythrozoon. Serial evaluation of serum iron concentrations of the llamas showed a decrease serum iron in all animals, with a concurrent decrease in the total iron binding capacity and percent transferrin saturation in two of the llamas. Common abnormalities seen on serum electrophoresis included a decrease in albumin and beta serum fraction in all llamas and a decrease in the gamma globulin fraction of two individuals. 相似文献
11.
The temporal interaction of an emulsifiable mixture of 2.3% dichlorvos and 10% crotoxyphos with phenothiazine anthelmintic was studied in 8 groups of 5 lambs each, free from or parasitized with Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus spp. Each lamb in 1 of 3 parasitized groups and 1 of 3 nonparasitized groups was treated with phenothiazine orally (12.5 g initially and 4 days later with 6.25 g every 3 days for 9 treatments) and/or the mixture of dichlorvos and crotoxyphos dermally (1,550 ml of 0.25% emulsion sprayed every 2 weeks for 3 applications). Two groups served as controls. Onset of clinical signs of toxicosis, lethality, and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (EACE) activity were monitored. After each dichlorvos-crotoxyphos mixture spray, clinical signs of toxicosis were seen within 40 minutes in parasitized and nonparasitized lambs regardless of concurrent phenothiazine treatment. Phenothiazine alone was not toxic and did not inhibit EACE activity. The EACE activities of dichlorvos-crotoxyphos mixture-sprayed lambs were significantly (P less than 0.05) depressed regardless of parasitism or concurrent phenothiazine treatments. The severity of inhibition increased with each dichlorvos-crotoxyphos mixture spray, but EACE activity recovered within 48 hours after each spray although base-line values were never attained. There was no apparent potentiation of the toxic effects of the dichlorvos-crotoxyphos mixture by phenothiazine. 相似文献
12.
伪狂犬病病毒吉林分离株感染BHK-21细胞的超微结构变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)吉林分离株PRV-JL感染体外培养的BHK-21细胞为模型,通过透射电镜对PRV的形态发生学和宿主细胞超微结构的动态变化规律进行研究。结果显示,PRV能导致BHK-21细胞圆缩,并发生细胞融合,形成合胞体;电镜观察到的病毒粒子呈球形或椭圆形,成熟的病毒粒子直径大小为140~210 nm,未成熟病毒粒子直径为90~150 nm,多呈中空状,部分呈致密核芯。病毒吸附于细胞后以膜融合的方式进入细胞,在胞核内复制,装配好的病毒粒子以出芽的方式离开细胞核,获得最初的囊膜,进入胞浆;在胞浆内的病毒粒子又利用高尔基体的膜结构合成第2层囊膜,形成完整的病毒粒子;最后包裹有完整病毒粒子的高尔基囊泡与细胞膜发生融合,将病毒粒子释放到细胞外。感染细胞超微结构变化主要表现为:细胞胞浆空泡增多,内质网扩张,线粒体增生、嵴肿胀、脱落,最后空泡化,整个细胞裂解、破碎。 相似文献
13.
Investigations were carried out on the influence of latent and clinically manifest Eperythrozoon suis infection upon haemostasis in swine. The study was carried out with 14 German Landrace pigs. Latent eperythrozoonosis was induced in 7 animals by experimental infection. Splenectomy of these 7 animals and 2 spontaneously infected pigs led to clinical manifestation of eperythrozoonosis. Five clinically healthy pigs were splenectomized and served as controls. In healthy pigs splenectomy was followed by a transient rise in fibrinogen and platelet count. Latent infection with Eperythrozoon suis did not cause an impairment of haemostasis. Acute eperythrozoonosis was associated with increased haemorrhagic tendency considered to be a consequence of intravascular coagulation and subsequent consumption coagulopathy. There was a prolongation of partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time (Quick) and a decrease of platelet count. Thrombelastography showed prolongation of reaction and clot building time and a short-term decrease of maximum amplitude. Deviation from normal values was proportional to the number of red blood cells infected with Eperythrozoon suis. Anti-rickettsial therapy led to quick normalization of haemostasis. Various aspects of the cause and the consequences of the haemostatic defect are discussed with special regard to the underlying disease. 相似文献
14.
Mitochondria are important determinants of developmental competence for oocytes and embryos owing to their central role in cellular metabolism, yet mitochondrial activity and morphometry during early porcine development have not been quantified. In this study, we examined the membrane potential Δψ(m) and the surface density Sv(in,m) of the inner mitochondrial membrane in pig oocytes and pre-implantation embryos using fluorescent probes and confocal microscopy. Mitochondria and their cristae were also examined by transmission electron microscope. Δψ(m) was consistently low from immature oocytes up to morulae and increased significantly in the early blastocyst before decreasing at the expanded blastocyst stage. This stage-dependent pattern of Δψ(m) changes differs from that reported for other mammals. We also determined that Δψ(m) is lower in cultured when compared to non-cultured porcine early blastocysts. Sv(in,m) was higher in immature oocytes than mature oocytes and remained constant up to the 4- to 8-cell embryo stage. It increased significantly at morula and early blastocyst stages. No differences in Sv(in,m) were found between developmentally matched non-cultured and cultured embryos. These results indicate that the inner mitochondrial membrane potential and surface density change significantly during pre-implantation porcine development in relation to metabolic alterations of the embryo. It is possible that modification of Δψ(m) by manipulating culture conditions may improve the performance of embryos that develop in vitro. 相似文献
15.
M Madsen 《Nordisk veterinaermedicin》1986,38(2):57-67
In the present work a review is given on the aetiology, clinical symptoms, prevalence and significance of the disease eperythrozoonosis in swine. Clinical outbreaks are characterized by fever, anemia and icterus. Clinical signs are most likely to be observed in young suckling piglets and in sows at the time of farrowing. In most cases infection with Eperythrozoon suis leads to a carrier state of symptomless, subclinical infection which, however, may be activated under conditions of stress. Eperythrozoonosis in swine has been reported from the USA, England, Federal Republic of Germany, Belgium and a few other countries. Due to the latent nature and the non-specific clinical symptoms of the disease it seems likely that the prevalence of E. suis in swine populations may be considerably greater than the number of clinical cases might lead one to suppose. So far, E. suis has not been diagnosed in Scandinavia, but it should not be excluded that eperythrozoonosis may exist as a neglected disease in Nordic swine herds as well. 相似文献
16.
Hoelzle LE 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2007,120(1-2):34-41
Phylogenetic investigations led to the definition of a new group of bacteria called haemotrophic mycoplasmas (haemoplasmas).The life cycle of said globally spread bacteria is dependent on their intimate contact with their host erythrocytes. Illnesses showing symptoms of a haemolytic anaemia are usually found in cats and swine. Haemoplasmas are small pleomorphic bacteria (0.3-3 microm) with a very small genome (745-1245 kbp).To date there is very limited knowledge on their biology and the host-bacteria-interactions (immune response, pathogenesis) since these bacteria are yet not culturable. Applying modern molecular biological techniques we succeeded during the last few years in gaining new facts on the antigen structure of M.suis as well as on the immunology and pathogenesis of the porcine eperythrozoonosis.Thus we detected three main antigens two of which we expressed recombinant in our laboratory. These surface-exposed antigens serve as a basis for establishing serologic assays, and are vaccine candidates, too. Preliminary studies allowed us to find the function of an adhesin of M. suis for one of the two proteins. 相似文献
17.
猪附红细胞体病血液学变化及免疫功能的研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
对急性附红细胞体病猪血液学和机体免疫功能进行研究，结果感染附红细胞体的病猪红细胞总数减少，红细胞压积降低，红细胞沉降率加快，白细胞总数增加；RBC-CR1花环率显著下降，RBC-IC花环率变化不明显；外周血ANAE^ T淋巴细胞百分率明显降低。结果表明：附红细胞体侵袭红细胞引起溶血性贫血的同时．破坏了红细胞膜表面的C3b受体,影响了T淋巴细胞分化和成熟,使红细胞免疫功能和细胞免疫功能低下。 相似文献
18.
猪附红细胞体PCR检测方法的建立和初步应用 总被引：22，自引：1，他引：22
基于猪附红细胞体广东株16S rRNA基因的序列特点，设计合成种特异性引物，建立了猪附红细胞体PCR检测方法。该方法能特异性扩增523bp的猪附红细胞体16SrRNA基因片段，而对猪丹毒杆菌G4T10株、猪链球菌STl71株、多杀性巴氏杆菌E0630株、猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、猪肺炎支原体、鸡毒支原体和猫血巴尔通氏体CA株的基因组DNA没有扩增带出现。对猪附红细胞体基因组DNA的最小检测量为160pg。通过对38份临床样品的检测，8份为猪附红细胞体感染阳性，其余为阴性。结果表明，建立的PCR检测方法具有极高的敏感性和特异性，可用于急性猪附红细胞体病和临床健康带菌猪的诊断。 相似文献
19.
J C Quintero R D Wesley T C Whyard D Gregg C A Mebus 《American journal of veterinary research》1986,47(5):1125-1131
The association of African swine fever virus (ASFV) with swine erythrocytes in vivo, in high titers, was verified by inoculating 30 pigs with 17 ASFV isolates and assaying their plasma and washed erythrocyte fractions for residual virus. Viral antigens were specifically localized on the surface of in vitro and in vivo swine erythrocytes, using the fluorescent antibody technique and 3 monoclonal antibodies specific for ASFV. The same monoclonal antibodies immunoprecipitated virus-specific polypeptides of molecular weights 13 kd and 73 kd from ASFV-infected Vero cells. Erythrocytes from viremic swine infected with Lisbon-60, Dominican Republic, Badajoz-M98, or Cameroon isolates of ASFV were studied by transmission electron microscopy. Virus was found in membrane depressions at the surface of erythrocytes. These surface depressions resembled stages of smooth surfaced pits. Erythrocytes from viremic pigs were fragile osmotically. 相似文献
20.
Light and electron microscopic features of eperythrozoon-like parasites in a North American opossum (Didelphis virginiana). 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
J B Messick L M Berent E J Ehrhart C C Wasmer 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2000,31(2):240-243
Epierythrocytic parasites associated with a severe anemic episode have not been previously reported in the opossum. A Wright-Giemsa-stained peripheral blood smear from an anemic North American opossum (Didelphis virginiana) revealed numerous organisms attached to red blood cells either singularly or in chains. Ring forms of the organism were common and could be found free in the plasma. Electron microscopy revealed that these organisms were attached to the intact plasma membrane in depressions on the surface of red blood cells. Delicate fibrils between the organism and adjacent membrane were observed. The organisms were round to oval with a diameter of 300-750 nm and were enclosed by a single limiting membrane. The light and electron microscopic features of these epierythrocytic organisms are similar to those reported for Eperythrozoon and Haemobartonella species. 相似文献