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佛山市从2005年1月至2006年9月,对规模养殖和散养两类养禽场的禽群,开展了H5禽流感抗体效价连续监测.监测结果表明:禽群H5禽流感抗体效价总体合格率较高,但合格率有较明显的季节性波动,且规模场和散养禽场之间存在一定的差异. 相似文献
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佛山市从2005年1月至2006年9月,对规模养殖和散养两类养禽场的禽群,开展了H5亚型禽流感抗体效价连续监测.监测结果表明:禽群H5亚型禽流感抗体效价总体合格率较高,但合格率有较明显的季节性波动,且规模场和散养禽场之间存在一定的差异. 相似文献
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和田地区动物卫生监督所从2011年开始与自治区畜牧科学院进行合作，用3年时间对和田县养禽场进行禽流感H5、H7、H9HI抗体效价的测定，以掌握和田县禽流感免疫效果及存在的风险。结果表明，和田鸡H5禽流感血清HI抗体效价〈70％，免疫效果达不到有效保护，H7禽流感血清HI抗体感染率在4％，2013年共抽检规模户11户，一户未免H9禽流感血清HI抗体感染率35．29％，在没有免疫的情况下有感染抗体存在，存在发病风险。 相似文献
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2017—2021年,每年春、秋两季在湖南省14个市州,随机抽取规模养禽场采集血清样品,采用血凝与血凝抑制试验,进行高致病性禽流感免疫抗体检测,并对检测数据进行统计和回归分析。结果显示：湖南省规模养禽场H5亚型禽流感免疫抗体个体合格率和场合格率分别为93.75%和93.25%,H7亚型免疫抗体个体合格率和场合格率分别为80.62%和79.49%;不同禽种H5和H7亚型禽流感免疫抗体个体合格率和场合格率由高到低均为养鸡场、养鸭场、养鹅场;秋季规模养禽场H5和H7亚型禽流感免疫抗体个体合格率和H7亚型免疫抗体场合格率均高于春季;不同地区间个体合格率存在差异;H5亚型禽流感免疫抗体个体合格率与场合格率之间不存在线性回归关系,而H7亚型免疫抗体个体合格率与场合格率之间存在线性回归关系。本研究为科学开展高致病性禽流感免疫效果评估和制定高致病性禽流感防控政策提供了参考。 相似文献
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为掌握安徽省禽群的禽流感免疫抗体水平以及引起免疫不合格的主要风险因素,在2018年春季集中免疫前,对安徽省7个市开展了H5和H7亚型禽流感血清学检测和问卷调查。按照分层随机抽样方法,在7个市选择种禽场、蛋禽场和肉禽场,共140个养禽场,在每个养殖场内随机抽取35份血清样品,进行HI抗体检测,并根据检测结果,计算群体水平的真实免疫合格率/阳性率;将H5或H7亚型禽流感抗体群体合格率低于70%的养禽场定义为免疫不合格场,进行单因素风险分析。结果显示:安徽省7个市H5(Re-8株)和H7N9(Re-1株)的场群真实抗体合格率/阳性率分别为67.7%(95%CI:60.0%～75.4%)和39.8%(95%CI:31.7%～47.9%),62个养禽场的H5或H7亚型抗体未达标(70%);存栏量越小(P=0.046)、免疫次数越少(P=0.016),H5或H7亚型免疫抗体不合格的可能性越高(P 0.05);存栏量小于4 000羽、免疫后时间≤21 d或≥91 d、家禽日龄≤26或≥2 200、免疫次数≤1、规模化饲养鹅,以及不使用"H5+H7"二价灭活疫苗(OR=2.66,95%CI:1.34～5.35)、周边3 km内有野禽栖息地(OR=2.78,95%CI:1.10～7.65)的养禽场的H5或H7亚型免疫抗体不合格风险相对较高。结果表明:2018年春季安徽省7个市H5、H7亚型禽流感免疫抗体保护率下降幅度明显,需要及时开展春季集中免疫;养禽场规模、类型以及家禽种类、是否免疫疫苗、免疫次数、养禽场周边是否有野禽栖息地等,均与群体的禽流感免疫抗体合格率显著相关,因此在制定强制免疫计划时,应视情况进行分类指导,实时补免或增加免疫次数。此外,养禽场选址时应尽量避开野禽栖息地。本研究为决策部门制定禽流感免疫方案提供了技术支撑。 相似文献
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我局对124户养禽户采集了2218份不同禽群血样进行了禽流感H5抗体水平监测,免疫合格血清样本为1752份,总体免疫合格率为78.99%,平均HI效价为26.45,标准差为22.03。其中鸡群免疫合格率为76.58%,平均HI效价为26.18,标准差为22.16;鸭群免疫合格率为80.96%,平均HI效价为26.71,标准差为22.00;鹅群免疫合格率为83.33%,平均HI效价为26.82,标准差为21.12。 相似文献
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2009—2010年,对新疆部分地区蛋鸡、肉鸡、家养水禽的养殖场随机采集血清样品10193份,活禽市场采集血清样品1620份。用HI方法对禽流感免疫抗体进行检测,结果表明:蛋鸡的H5免疫抗体合格率为33.33%～100%,其中0效价率为33.33%～80.00%;H9免疫抗体合格率为62.4%～100%,20%～33%蛋鸡场存在100%的0效价现象。肉鸡H5免疫抗体合格率为0%～100%,其中7.69%～69.6%肉鸡群中H5抗体0效价率为100%。水禽的H5免疫抗体合格率为0%～100%,有25%～33.33%鸭群全部是0效价。活禽市场H5抗体效价≧4log2的比例为10.59%～83.57%,H9抗体效价≧4log2的比例21.70%～67.14%。 相似文献
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用血凝抑制试验对1200份采自活禽交易市场的禽血清进行禽流感H5亚型抗体水平监测,结果免疫合格血清样本为841份,总体免疫合格率为70.08%,平均HI效价为24.03,标准差为1.47.表明活禽交易市场的禽类总体免疫合格率低于农业部兽医局的强制规定75%. 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献