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1.
双圆盘式苜蓿旋转切割器设计与试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对我国苜蓿收割设备研发不足、苜蓿收获质量不高的现状,结合作物农学特点及生理特性,设计了一种新型双圆盘式旋转切割器,进行了田间性能试验研究。该装置可通过外置支架悬挂在拖拉机前方,或作为自走式割草机的割台使用,也可以内置压扁辊等调质装置,完成割草、调质、集草3道工序。集成了异形割刀、装配导草装置的锥形转筒、圆形刀盘、滑掌、传动系统、四连杆提升装置以及固定支架。往返行程重合刈割的方式保证割茬平整,苜蓿植株在锥形转筒的作用下被提升一定高度,该高度与锥形转筒的母线与水平面的夹角呈三角函数关系。田间性能试验表明,所设计的双圆盘式旋转切割器的重割率、漏割损失率和超茬损失率分别为0.8%、0.19%和0.3%,比标准规定的技术要求分别低46%、24%和40%,各项测试指标均远高于标准要求水平,切割质量满足切割要求。 相似文献
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甘蔗收割机前进速度与切割器转速的匹配 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
甘蔗收割机的前进速度与根部切割器转速的匹配是确保收割机工作效率和切割质量的先决条件,同时也是确定甘蔗收割机各执行机构工作参数及其动力传动系统设计的重要理论依据之一。以华南农业大学自主研制的4ZZX-48型整秆式甘蔗收割机为研究对象,根据甘蔗的切割机理、圆盘切割器不漏割的条件和避免多刀切割的条件,分析收割机在收获过程中前进速度与切割器转速的相互匹配关系,并对甘蔗收割机的具体结构参数进行了计算和大田观察试验验证。结果表明:在保证根茬切割面质量(切割器转速大于500r/min)的条件下,收割机前进速度较快时,切割器的转速也应相应地较快,才能避免或减少多刀切割和漏割现象。 相似文献
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针对现有牧草收割机收割饲用苎麻作物时，割台输料不畅，搅龙易被麻类纤维缠绕的问题，设计一种专用收割机割台。该割台由往复式切割装置、拨禾轮、茎秆捡拾输送器及螺旋搅龙组成。根据饲用苎麻的田间生长特性及物料特点，开展收割机割台设计。通过理论计算与试验分析，确定割台各关键装置结构参数：拨禾轮的圆周半径为840 mm、切割器离拨禾轮轴高度为1 470 mm、拨禾轮转速27.9 r/min、升降行程为700 mm、往复式割刀曲柄转速为540 r/min、茎秆捡拾输送器拨齿轮滚筒半径为150 mm、转速为152.80 r/min，喂入搅龙直径为320 mm、转速为170 r/min。田间试验表明：该机收获损失率为3%，标准草长率为91%，作业小时生产率为0.25~0.35 hm2/h，割茬高度为150 mm。收割时，割台未出现堵料及纤维缠绕现象；收割后，苎麻割茬整齐，未发现作物茎秆基部存在明显撕裂现象。试验结果表明往复式切割器切割效果良好，整机工作性能稳定，该收割机割台能够满足对饲用苎麻作物的收割要求。 相似文献
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针对目前割草机仅适于在比较平坦的地面上切割,难以适应坡面工作要求的问题,为此通过理论分析、三维模型设计、田间试验相结合的方法,设计既适用于平地切割,又适用于坡面切割的甩刀式割草机。主要对该机的调节机构、甩刀的数量及排列方式、传动系统进行设计,并对甩刀的速度、割草辊总成的动平衡进行分析计算。试验结果表明,该割草机工作性能良好,割茬平均高度52 mm,杂草碎段区域长度≤80 mm的草段占总草段的93%,碎草性能较好,工作效率达到1.18 hm^2/h,各项指标均达到设计要求,割草机作业质量能够满足农艺要求,为我国新型果园机械化割草作业提供技术支持。 相似文献
6.
4LMZ160型履带式苎麻联合收割机的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
分析了我国苎麻联合收割机现状及存在的问题,设计了适合我国苎麻主产区收获作业的履带式苎麻联合收割机,并对样机的关键部件进行了详细说明。该机一次可完成割幅160mm收割,整机转弯半径小,操作方便,对麻地高垄有较好适应性。其整机结构配置新颖独特,使用半喂入稻麦联合收获机底盘,采用全液压传动技术直接驱动苎麻收割机行走和机具作业,可一次性完成切割、输送、收集功能。田间性能测试结果表明:该机漏割率、割茬高度、作业小时生产率等各项性能指标均到达设计要求。 相似文献
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目前,往复式割草机具有割茬整齐,牧草损失小,功率消耗低,使用方便等优点,因此,已广泛应用于收获天然牧草及种植牧草.
1往复式割草机使用注意事项
1.1首先,割草作业前,应进行全面地检查和调整,确保连接部位牢固,运转部位灵活,润滑部位良好,使割草机达到说明书中的技术要求. 相似文献
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李小龙张克平苏占科孙步功 《农业装备与车辆工程》2023,(2):25-29
针对苜蓿刈割压扁机在作业过程中出现的收获质量低、漏割率高、割茬高度不一致等问题,基于苜蓿收获要求,设计了一种前驱苜蓿刈割压扁机的切割装置。对其核心作业部件完成理论设计并确定相关结构和参数,对割刀进行运动学和动力学分析,并基于ADAMS软件对切割器在复杂路面的工作性能进行仿真。研究结果显示:刀盘转速为1800r/min和割刀数量为8片时,能够确保刈割作业不发生漏割现象;切割扭矩主要取决于刀盘转速和割刀刃长;所设计的切割器在复杂路面作业具备良好的通过性,可以保证割茬高度一致。研究成果可为苜蓿刈割压扁机的设计与优化提供参考。 相似文献
10.
通过系统的理论分析和田间试验,研制出了回转带式切割器。介绍了回转带式切割器的工作原理和有关设计参数。在田间试验条件下,可实现高速作业,高速切割及无支承切割,无往复惯性力,割刀工作平稳,割台振动小,适于收割小麦,水稻等细茎秆作物和牧草。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
12.
车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。 相似文献
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赵国杰 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(4):106-107
乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。 相似文献
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苑庆刚 《农业机械化与电气化》2010,(3):52-54
草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
18.
瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
19.
M. G. Bos H. van den Bosch H. Diemont H. van Keulen J. Lahr G. Meijerink A. Verhagen 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》2007,21(1):1-15
The rural sustainability index is a scientifically based tool to quantify the performance of agriculture. The sustainability
of crop production is quantified from three perspectives; people, planet and profit. Within each perspective, one condition
was selected that must be met to warrant agriculture. These are: No hazardous work should be used within the crop production
chain; agricultural crops should not be grown on land allocated to nature by national law or regulations and, when a GM-crop
is present or is introduced in a region, it should not harm development opportunities of other farmers. If these excluding
conditions are met, the sustainability of agriculture is assessed through five performance indicators on school attendance,
water use and consumption, fertilizer use, pesticide use, and farm income. For each of the five indicators, critical values
and target values have been given that limit the transition range between non-sustainable and sustainable production. The
five indicators are combined into a sustainability index. The index aims at improving the socio-economic position of farmers
while protecting the environment.
相似文献
| M. G. BosEmail: |
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献