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气吸式精量播种机是一种高效节能的多用途精量播种机,与目前使用的条播机相比一般节种50%.气吸式精量播种机主要由机架总成、地轮总成、四杆机构、排种器总成、排肥器总成、种子开沟器总成、化肥开沟器总成、覆土器总成、镇压轮总成、中间传动器总成及风机总成和风机传动器总成等部件组成,能一次完成开沟、施肥、播种、覆土、镇压等多道工序,其行距、株距、播深、排肥量、覆土量、镇压力等可在较大范围内调整,而且具有较大的适应性,在气吸排种器上更换不同排种盘,可精播玉米,甜菜、蓖麻、黄豆、高梁等多种农作物. 相似文献
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《中国农机化学报》2020,(5)
针对类球型小粒径种子的蔬菜生产用工量大,生产管理工序复杂,机具更替多等问题,设计一种蔬菜联合播种机。该机可实现施肥、旋耕、起垄、开沟、播种、覆土联合播种作业,适用于旱地大田精量播种作业,有助于农业生产效率,降低劳动成本。整机采用模块化设计,结构简单紧凑,模块之间连接可靠、方便调节、安装、拆卸,可节省现场准备时间,且利于运输与维护。为控制播深,提出一种耧腿式开沟器,根据土壤切削挤压和开沟器曲面形成原理,分析开沟器触土部件的特性,确定其起始滑切角为23°、终止滑切角为45°时的滑切阻力较小。分析排种盘型孔种子受力情况,得到排种盘型孔处所需最小负压为-0.4 kPa。田间试验结果表明:蔬菜联合播种机作业效果良好,其合格指数、重播指数、漏播指数和合格粒距变异系数分别为88.6%、9.2%、5.5%和28.4%,各项指标均优于农业播种行业标准。 相似文献
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针对人参播种机械化率低的现状,本文设计了一种开沟-排种单体式人参精密播种机。通过对链勺式人参精密排种器落种点、双圆盘开沟器工作性能和结构参数的分析,确定了开沟-排种单体的关键参数,设计了整机传动系统,可实现株距调整。利用土槽试验台架,选取作业速度、开沟深度、开沟器与排种器相对水平距离为试验因素,以合格指数、重播指数、漏播指数为试验指标,设计了二次回归正交旋转组合试验。结果表明：当作业速度为0.42m/s、开沟深度为45mm、开沟器与排种器相对水平距离为95mm时,合格指数为94.53%,重播指数为4.308%,漏播指数为1.165%。为验证播种机的工作性能,加工2BS-10型开沟-排种单体式人参精密播种机,并进行了田间试验,结果表明：当株距为4cm时,播种机的合格指数为92.7%,重播指数为5.0%,漏播指数为2.3%,播深合格率为95.1%,未发现伤种情况,满足我国非林地人参种植的播种要求。 相似文献
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《农机化研究》2021,(9)
花生在机械化播种环节存在一定程度的伤种、漏播、重播等问题,现有的窝眼式排种器严重制约了花生产业的可持续发展。针对以上问题,设计了2BHQL-4气力式花生精量播种机,可一次完成开沟施肥、单粒精播、覆土镇压等多道工序。对整机结构和工作原理进行了分析,通过对排种器充种、携种、投种3个阶段进行受力分析,明确了排种器单粒取种的条件及影响排种性能的主要参数,计算确定了仿形机构相关参数。样机田间试验结果表明:2BHQL-4气力式花生精量播种机主要技术指标均优于评价要求,粒距合格指数、漏播指数、重播指数、播深合格率分别为92%、5.24%、3.3%、5.7%、91.5%;各行排肥一致性变异系数7.91%,总排肥量稳定性变异系数3.11%。该机工作稳定,排种均匀性良好,种子在田间分布均匀合理,满足设计要求。 相似文献
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针对温室大棚空间狭窄、大田气力式精量播种机无法进入作业,而现有小型机械式播种机播种精度低的问题,设计了适用于温室大棚的小型气力式蔬菜精量播种机,采用正负压双作用排种器提高播种精度,并通过更换排种盘配合不同的开沟分种装置实现不同蔬菜及不同行数的播种作业,提高了播种机的适应性。对排种器进行基于EDEM的离散元仿真分析,探究充种区种群运动规律和搅种装置性能。对整机进行田间试验,结果表明:漏播率≤5%,重播率≤5%,种子机械破损率≤1%,播深一致性合格率≥90%,各项指标符合蔬菜种植农艺要求。 相似文献
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单行气吸式微型薯精密播种机设计与试验 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
针对我国丘陵山地小地块播种需求,及解决机械式微型薯播种机伤种严重、充种效果不佳等问题,设计了一种单行气吸式微型薯精密播种机,可一次完成开沟、播种、覆土作业。阐述了气吸式微型薯精密播种机的工作原理,确定了排种器、开沟覆土器和传动系统的主要结构参数,以"丽薯6号"微型薯为研究对象,采用单因素试验与二次回归旋转正交试验方法,选取振动频率、振动幅度、吸种负压、作业速度为试验因素,对播种机进行了播种性能试验,建立了合格指数、漏播指数、重播指数的数学模型,分析了各试验因素交互作用对合格指数的影响规律。经参数优化,确定最优参数为吸种负压10 k Pa、作业速度2. 5 km/h、振动频率5. 6~6. 8 Hz、振动幅度19. 6~20. 8 mm,并经田间试验验证,该条件下,播种机播种合格指数为93. 28%、漏播指数为3. 25%、重播指数为3. 47%,满足微型薯播种农艺要求。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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赵国杰 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(4):106-107
乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。 相似文献
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苑庆刚 《农业机械化与电气化》2010,(3):52-54
草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献