共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 640 毫秒
1.
黄芪多糖对内毒素诱发奶牛实验性乳腺炎影响初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选择同处于泌乳后期、日均产奶量相当的荷斯坦奶牛3头。每天早上挤奶后．于右后乳区经过乳头管灌注黄芪多糖（APS）20mL，左后乳区注入20mL生理盐水（PSS）作为对照，连续10d。第11天早上挤奶后，两侧乳区均灌注含有100μg大肠杆菌内毒素的生理盐水10mL。分别于灌注黄芪多糖前、灌注内毒素前1h及灌注后3、6、9、12、2dh采集两个乳区的乳样进行指标测定。实验结果表明。与灌注内毒素前相比，灌注PSS的对照乳区乳中的N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAGase）活力在注入内毒素后9h时达到峰值（12．65U／mgprotein），24h时乳中NAGase活力下降到灌注内毒素前的水平（P〉0．051；而施用了APS的实验乳区，在注入内毒素后，乳中的NAGase活力6h时达到峰值（16．79U／mgprotein），9h时乳中NAGase活力已下降到灌注内毒素以前的水平（P〉0．05）。总抗氧化能力（T—AOC）的测定结果表明。奶牛乳导管注入内毒素后。两种处理的乳区乳中的总抗氧化能力显著下降（P〈0．05），两种处理的乳区乳之间比较无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结果表明．通过乳头管连续灌注APS，可使乳中多形核嗜中性白细胞fPMN）快速聚集到感染部位消灭抗原．有助于奶牛乳腺炎的预后良好。 相似文献
2.
《家畜生态》2007,(5)
选择同处于泌乳后期、日均产奶量相当的荷斯坦奶牛3头。每天早上挤奶后,于右后乳区经过乳头管灌注黄芪多糖20mL,左后乳区注入20mL生理盐水作为对照,连续10d。第11d早上挤奶后,两侧乳区均灌注含有100μg大肠杆菌内毒素的生理盐水10mL。分别于灌注黄芪多糖前、灌注内毒素前1h及灌注后3、6、9、12、24h采集两个乳区的乳样进行指标测定。试验结果表明,与灌注内毒素前相比,灌注PSS的对照乳区乳中的N—乙酰—β—D—氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAGase)活力在注入内毒素后9h时达到峰值(12.65U/mg protein),24h时乳中NAGase活力下降到灌注内毒素前的水平(P>0.05);而施用了APS的试验乳区,在注入内毒素后,乳中的NAGase活力6h时达到峰值(16.79U/mg protein),9h时乳中NAGrise活力已下降到灌注内毒素以前的水平(P>0.05)。总抗氧化能力(T—AOC)的测定结果表明,奶牛乳导管注入内毒素后,两种处理的乳区乳中的总抗氧化能力显著下降(P<0.05),两种处理的乳区乳之间比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。 相似文献
3.
72只泌乳期SD雌性大鼠随机均分成对照组和试验组(n=36),对照组于产后0h左后腿胫骨前肌内注射0.01mol/L、pH7.2 PBS100μL/只;试验组肌注CpG-DNA 200μg/只。产后72h经乳头管灌注2×1012CFU/mL金黄色葡萄球菌各100μL/侧到第4对乳腺(两侧)内。分别于灌注前0h,灌注后8、16、24、48和72h(n=6)颈静脉放血处死。结果显示,乳腺组织细菌数在灌注后24h上升至最高,CpG-DNA能显著降低8、16和72h的细菌数。IL-2在不同时间点有显著下降,对照和试验组乳腺组织IL-2分别在16和24h下降至最低。TNF-α在24h达最高,CpG-DNA能显著提高0、24和72h乳腺组织TNF-α水平。CpG-DNA能显著提高血清感染后各时间点及乳腺组织0和16h MPO水平。乳腺组织NAGase和白蛋白在24h上升至最高,血清中24h下降至最低。CpG-DNA能显著降低48和72h乳腺组织NAGase活力,并极显著降低8和72h乳腺白蛋白浓度。上述结果显示,CpG-DNA可促进细胞因子的产生,减少乳腺组织细菌数量,减轻炎症介质对细胞和血-乳屏障完整性的损伤,提示CpG-DNA对金黄色葡萄球菌感染诱发的大鼠乳腺炎有一定的保护作用。 相似文献
4.
选择同处于泌乳后期、日均产奶量相当的荷斯坦奶牛3头.每天早上挤奶后,于右后乳区经过乳头管灌注黄芪多糖20mL,左后乳区注入20mL生理盐水作为对照,连续10d.第11d早上挤奶后,两侧乳区均灌注含有100μg大肠杆菌内毒素的生理盐水10mL.分别于灌注黄芪多糖前、灌注内毒素前1h及灌注后3、6、9、12、24h采集两个乳区的乳样进行指标测定.试验结果表明,与灌注内毒素前相比,灌注PSS的对照乳区乳中的N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAGase)活力在注入内毒素后9h时达到峰值(12.65U/mg protein),24h时乳中NAGase活力下降到灌注内毒素前的水平(P＞0.05);而施用了APS的试验乳区,在注入内毒素后,乳中的NAGase活力6h时达到峰值(16.79U/mg protein),9h时乳中NAGase活力已下降到灌注内毒素以前的水平(P＞0.05).总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)的测定结果表明,奶牛乳导管注入内毒素后,两种处理的乳区乳中的总抗氧化能力显著下降(P＜0.05),两种处理的乳区乳之间比较无显著差异(P＞0.05). 相似文献
5.
CpG ODN对鸡新城疫LaSota活疫苗的免疫增强效应 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
将3种不同的未甲基化CpGODN分别与新城疫LaSota活疫苗混合后，经滴鼻和点眼免疫鸡，通过检测鸡血清中HI抗体、外周血T淋巴细胞增殖活性、诱导巨噬细胞分泌NO含量，以及刺激外周血淋巴细胞表达IFN-γ、IL-6与IL-1β mRNA量，分析各CpGODN对新城疫LaSota活疫苗免疫效果的影响。结果表明，经2次免疫后，含GTCGTT核心基序的CpG ODN1组，鸡血清平均HI抗体效价最高达8．2log2、淋巴细胞刺激指数达9．836、NO分泌量达35．833μmol／L，分别比疫苗单独免疫组高出2个滴度（P〈0．05）、4．4（P〈0．01）、27．6μmol／L（P〈0．01）；含GACGTT核心基序的CpG ODN2组增强作用不明显．与疫苗单独免疫组无差异；而CpGODN3的免疫刺激活性由于受其侧翼序列的影响，作用明显减弱甚至丧失。对细胞因子的影响，CpGODN3组IFN-γ mRNA表达量稍高于CpG ODN1组，而其余细胞因子均以CpG ODN1组表达水平最高（P〈0．05）。由此证明CpG ODN1能显著增强鸡对新城疫LaSota活疫苗的体液和细胞免疫反应，可以作为高效的免疫增强剂。 相似文献
6.
CpG ODN对仔猪淋巴细胞增殖和细胞因子诱生的影响:在体和离体试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将CpGODN、non CpG ODN分别接种初生仔猪，同时分离仔猪的外周血单核细胞，以CpGODN、non CpG ODN对外周血单核细胞体外培养，分别检测仔猪Th1型细胞因子分泌情况。结果表明，与non CpG ODN和对照组相比，CpG ODN能在体内显著提高仔猪的淋巴细胞白介素-2诱生活性、淋巴细胞增殖、血清中IFN-γ和IL-12水平（P〈0．05），亦能在体外刺激仔猪的外周血单核细胞分泌IFN-γ和IL-12（P〈0．01）。这显示CpG—ODN能显著增强动物的免疫应答能力。 相似文献
7.
选择同处于泌乳初期的睢宁白山羊6头,体质量30~40 kg,C.M.T.法检测每头山羊2个乳区乳的体细胞数(SCC)均低于5×105/mL。每头山羊每天早上挤奶后,于右乳区经乳头管灌注黄芪多糖(APS)5 mL,左乳区则通过乳头管灌注等量生理盐水(PSS)作为对照,连续灌注5 d。第6天早上挤奶后,按50μg/kg剂量于左、右乳区通过乳头管注入大肠杆菌内毒素,分别于内毒素处理前1 h及处理后1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、24 h观察乳房的变化并记录直肠温度;并于内毒素处理前1 h、处理后3、6、9、24 h取颈静脉血和采集左、右2个乳区的乳样,采用放射免疫法测定乳汁及血清中TNF-α和IL-2的水平;内毒素处理后24 h,处死动物,取乳腺组织,Bouin氏液固定,H.E.染色进行病理组织学观察。临床症状与病理切片观察均显示,通过乳导管将50μg/kg的内毒素灌注到山羊的乳腺内迅速诱导出典型的急性乳腺炎症状。灌注APS的乳区,乳中TNF-α的水平内毒素处理后3 h显著高于灌注PSS的乳区,92、4 h显著低于灌注PSS的乳区(P<0.05)。与内毒素处理前相比,灌注APS的乳区在内毒素处理后,乳中IL-2... 相似文献
8.
8头泌乳中期的奶牛被随机分为2组，分别是对照组（每头牛：基础日粮＋棕榈酸钙200g／d）和试验组（每头牛：基础日粮＋共轭亚油酸钙200g／d），试验期14d，检测了奶产量、乳成分，分析奶牛的血液变化，并采用荧光定量PCR对乳汁体细胞中脂蛋白脂酶（LPL）、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶（ACACA）的基因表达进行检测。结果显示，与对照组相比，试验组奶牛的乳产量、乳蛋白、乳糖和乳汁体细胞含量没有显著影响，但是显著降低了乳脂肪含量（P〈0．05），对照组和试验组奶牛乳脂肪含量分别为0．0326g／mL和0．0244g／mL。检测血液指标发现，共轭亚油酸钙显著升高了奶牛血液中高密度脂蛋白的含量（P〈0．05）。基因分析发现，试验组奶牛乳汁体细胞中LPL、ACA—CA的基因表达显著下调，表明共轭亚油酸钙抑制了奶牛乳腺细胞脂肪酸合成酶的基因表达。 相似文献
9.
细胞因子与乳腺免疫紧密相关,IL-17是否是介导乳腺免疫的重要细胞因子对深入研究乳腺免疫机制和乳房炎防控具有重要意义。研究以分娩后7~12d的C57BL/6小鼠为模型动物,将从隐性乳房炎的奶牛乳汁分离的金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)50μL(1×107CFU)或等量的无菌生理盐水通过乳导管缓慢注入小鼠第四、五对乳腺,分别于感染后2h、4h、8h、12h、18h、24h、36h、48h、60h和72h摘眼球采血并分离血清,通过ELISA法测定血清中IL-17A、IL-6、TGF-β的含量。结果显示IL-17在S.aureus感染后8~24h含量升高,其中18h时显著高于对照小鼠,48h和时60hIL-17低于对照小鼠,而IL-6和TGF-β含量无明显变化。研究结果表明,这小鼠存在已分化的记忆性IL-17分泌细胞,S.aureus的感染诱导其快速的分泌了IL-17,也证实IL-17也是乳房炎病理过程中的细胞因子之一。 相似文献
10.
大豆黄酮和染料木素对体外培养奶牛乳腺上皮细胞增殖及抗氧化水平的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过体外细胞培养的方法探讨大豆黄酮（Daidzein,Da）和染料木素（Genistein,Ge）对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞增殖及抗氧化水平的影响。试验分空白对照组、10ng／mL雌二醇（Ez）组、不同浓度Da和Ge（1、10、100、1000ng／mL）组,培养72h后,采用MTT法检测细胞增殖情况。结果表明,10、100ng／mLGe组和100、1000ng／mLDa组同空白对照组比较可显著促进奶牛乳腺上皮细胞的增殖（P〈0．05）,但均显著低于E2组（P〈0．05）。另取处于对数生长期的乳腺上皮细胞加入不同浓度Da和Ge（1、10、100、1000ng／mL）继续培养24h,检测细胞培养液中总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—PX）活性、丙二醛（MDA）、一氧化氮（NO）含量。结果表明,100、1000ng／mLDa组及100、1000ng／mL Ge组较空白组显著提高了T—SOD活性（P〈0．05）,显著降低了MDA含量（P〈0．05）;100、1000ng／mL Da组及10、100、1000ng／mL Ge组显著提高了NO含量（P〈0．05）;1000ng／mL Da组及100、1000ng／mL Ge组显著提高了GSH—PX活性（P〈0．05）。可见,Da和Ge在一定浓度范围内均有促进奶牛乳腺上皮细胞增殖及抗氧化水平提高的作用。 相似文献
11.
12.
魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
13.
14.
本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
15.
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
16.
17.
18.
Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
19.
乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
20.
Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献