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《中国家禽》2017,(5)
研究对安徽省四个地方鸡种遗传资源淮南麻黄鸡、霍邱鸡(固始鸡)、黄山黑鸡、金寨黑鸡的遗传多样性和群体遗传结构进行了分析。利用基因组扫描技术检测21个微卫星标记在四个群体中的基因型,统计分析各群体的遗传多样性指标。结果显示:21个微卫星标记在四个群体中表现出中高度多态性;观察杂合度最高的是金寨黑鸡,最低的是霍邱鸡,分别为0.621和0.587;Nei′s标准遗传距离最近的是淮南麻黄鸡和霍邱鸡,为0.0212,最远的是淮南麻黄鸡与黄山黑鸡,为0.2187;聚类分析显示淮南麻黄鸡和霍邱鸡聚为一类,黄山黑鸡和金寨黑鸡聚为一类;遗传结构分析表明淮南麻黄鸡和霍邱鸡群体极为相似,黄山黑鸡和金寨黑鸡有较大差异。安徽四个地方鸡种均表现出较高的遗传多样性,黄山黑鸡与金寨黑鸡遗传结构有较大差异,淮南麻黄鸡与霍邱鸡非常相似,在以后的选育开发中应充分利用这些遗传特性。 相似文献
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浦东鸡遗传多样性和进化的微卫星分子标记分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
利用15个微卫星DNA分子标记对浦东鸡及其它6个鸡品种的群体遗传多样性和进化关系进行了检测分析。结果表明,在15个微卫星位点上群体平均观测杂合度为0.5957,期望杂合度为0.6025,多态信息含量为0.5757;7个品种鸡群的遗传距离差异程度较大(0.1872～0.6003)。其中,浦东鸡同其它6个群体间存在显著的遗传差异。试验结果在一定程度上反映了浦东鸡独特的遗传组成和品种形成过程,而且所选择的15个微卫星DNA分子标记能够有效地分析鸡群的遗传基础。 相似文献
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《中国家禽》2016,(22)
研究利用28对微卫星标记检测仙居鸡第九和第十世代两个保种群体的遗传结构,通过2个世代间的遗传差异分析仙居鸡的保种效果。结果,2个世代28个位点共检测到172个等位基因,其中7个为0世代所特有,2个世代各座位平均等位基因数为5.5和5.9个,10世代等位基因数有所上升,但差异不显著(P0.05);2个世代选取的28个微卫星位点的平均多态信息含量(PIC)分别为0.5828和0.5856,平均期望杂合度(He)分别为0.6165和0.6174,2个世代间均无显著差异(P0.05);2个世代间相似性系数为0.9735,Nei氏遗传距离为0.0269,表明2个世代间群体遗传结构相似性很高;经检验,9世代存在11个不平衡位点,10世代存在13个不平衡位点,表明哈代-温伯格平衡趋于下降趋势。研究结果表明仙居鸡采用家系等量留种轮回交配法进行保种可行,但要注意避免群体遗传结构处于不平衡状态。 相似文献
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为了给太行鸡的杂交改良提供参考依据,试验首先选取10个多态性微卫星标记座位,对太行鸡、海兰灰父系、海兰灰母系、罗曼粉父系、罗曼粉母系、京粉1号父系、京粉1号母系7个群体进行遗传多样性分析,计算群体遗传杂合度(He)、多态性信息含量(PIC)、不同品种的有效等位基因数(E),然后计算群体间的Nei式遗传距离,进行系统聚类分析。结果表明:所选择的微卫星标记座位多态性丰富,10个微卫星标记座位的PIC值在0.584 2～0.657 5之间,有效等位基因数在5.27～5.75个之间,杂合度在0.414 0～0.657 9之间,说明所选的微卫星标记座位可靠;群体间Nei式遗传距离以及系统聚类分析结果得出太行鸡与罗曼粉父系遗传距离最大(0.340 7),其次是海兰灰母系,海兰灰父系与京粉1号父系遗传距离最近(0.056 6),据此推测太行鸡母系与罗曼粉父系、太行鸡父系与海兰灰母系间杂种优势较高。 相似文献
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应用微卫星标记对江苏省无锡市祖代鸡场有限公司太湖鸡的保种群体进行了遗传变异的分析,计算了群体的杂和度(H)和多态信息含量(PIC)。研究结果表明:30个微卫星标记在太湖鸡保种群体的杂和度为0.504～0.858之间,平均杂和度为0.688,群体的遗传多样性丰富;其中24个微卫星标记在太湖鸡中多态信息含量为高度多态,可作为有效遗传标记用于太湖鸡保种群的遗传分析,而且各座位杂和度的高低与PIC值的大小体现了较高的一致性。本研究结果为太湖鸡开发利用研究提供了基础,也为太湖鸡的合理保护提供了科学根据。 相似文献
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四川地方乌骨鸡种群遗传变异的微卫星DNA分析 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
利用10个微卫星标记，对四川不同地区5个乌骨鸡种群的等位基因频率、各群体的遗传杂合度、群体间的遗传距离等进行了分析，并根据遗传距离对这几个乌骨鸡种群进行了聚类分析。结果表明，各乌骨鸡群体的遗传多样性较为丰富，并具有较高的选择潜力。各乌骨鸡种群间有一定的遗传距离，UPGMA聚类分析表明，四川山地乌骨鸡黑羽系与川南山地乌骨鸡被聚为一类，草科鸡与旧院黑鸡被聚为一类。 相似文献
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运用微卫星标记对淮南麻黄鸡、皖南三黄鸡和五华鸡3个地方品种遗传多样性进行了分析。在5个座位中,共检测到23个等位基因数,平均有效等位基因数为1.5396,杂合度为0.2920,多态信息含量为0.4156。3个地方品种中,淮南麻黄鸡遗传多样性最低,五华鸡遗传多样性最高。根据5个微卫星座位等位基因频率计算群体遗传一致度和标准遗传距离并构建系统发生树,五华鸡与皖南三黄鸡遗传关系最近,皖南三黄鸡与淮南麻黄鸡最远。研究结果与这些地方品种的地理分布、育成历史相一致,同时也佐证了微卫星标记是研究鸡群体遗传关系的一个有用工具。 相似文献
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部分地方鸡种微卫星DNA指纹分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用20个微卫星标记对我国19个地方鸡种保种群进行了遗传检测,计算各群体的等位基因频率、平均基因杂合度、平均多态信息含量及各群体间的遗传距离,并用类平均法进行聚类分析。研究结果表明:20个微卫星标记在19个地方鸡种保种群共检测到184个等位基因,平均为9.2个,基因频率分布在0.013-0.838之间。19个地方鸡种平均杂合度在0.5824-0.7432之间。其中藏鸡最高,白耳鸡最低。平均多态信息含量在0.5238-0.7023之间,均大于0.5,表现为高度多态性;19个鸡种聚为6类。各鸡种的遗传距离及聚类结果与所保存的地方鸡种的地理分布、现实状况是相吻合的,从而表明用该方法分析品种间的亲缘关系是可行的。 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献