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新疆棉花目前存在“结构性供给不足”与“阶段性供大于需”双重矛盾。本文分析新疆棉花成本与收益演变特征,明确影响新疆棉花收益波动的主要因素,以提出解决棉花供需矛盾的针对性措施。利用2002―2016年《全国农产品成本收益资料汇编》的数据,对新疆棉花的播种面积、产量、市场价格、物质与服务费用、人工成本、土地成本、净利润、成本利润率等波动及其占总成本的比例进行统计分析,并通过SPSS 20.0软件对直接成本、间接成本、人工成本、土地成本与总成本的相关性进行回归分析。结果显示：在棉花总成本中,生产成本占比较大,且在波动中不断上升;物质与服务费用和人工成本占生产成本的比例大致相当,后者呈现上升趋势;总成本上升趋势明显,农药费、化肥费、种子费、家庭用工折价、雇工费、租赁费和机械作业费与总成本均呈现极显著相关;净利润下滑,甚至出现了亏损。基于对新疆棉花种植成本不断增加的原因分析,提出大力推行棉花生产全程机械化、加大棉花科技投入、发展多种形式规模化经营方式、完善棉花生产补贴政策等对策,以促进新疆棉花健康可持续发展。 相似文献
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山东省东营市棉花提质增效的目标及政策措施建议 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
正近年来,棉花品质结构不能适应纺织工业转型升级的需要,国产棉竞争力下降;棉花生产规模化、机械化水平低,生产效率难以提高;劳动力价格上升,植棉成本提高,导致棉花生产效益降低,植棉意向连年下降,产业萎缩。本文以破解棉花生产存在的问题为基本定位,以创新棉花生产方式为基本路径,提出了山东省东营市棉花提质增效的目标、措施及政策保障。 相似文献
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中美澳棉花生产的成本和效益与优势比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《棉花科学》2016,(6)
通过对中国三大棉区的棉花生产情况与美国和澳大利亚的棉花生产情况进行比较分析,特别是在植棉面积、产量、品质、成本构成和植棉效益方面进行比较分析,表明美国和澳大利亚均在棉花品种、生产技术、机械化和国家政策等方面比中国具有特点或优势,因而,提出了值得中国借鉴的美澳棉花生产经验,为提高我国棉花生产水平及植棉效益的提升提供理论指导。 相似文献
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中美棉花生产成本及收益的比较研究 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
着重分析 2 0 0 1年中国与美国棉花生产成本的差异 ,并对两国棉花生产的效益进行了对比 ,主要结论是 :中国棉花生产总成本低于美国 ,但成本构成方面两国存在较大差异 ;而且中国棉花生产效益高于美国 ,存在一定的经济效益和成本优势。在此基础上提出了我国降低成本、提升棉花国际竞争力的若干建议 ,如加大科技投入 ,调整投入结构 ,提高机械化水平 ,加快税费改革 ,建立棉花质量保障体系 ,加快棉花生产经营组织的发育和完善 ,推进棉花产业化经营 ,实施棉花产业支持政策。 相似文献
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科学核算棉花生产成本、产值和收益对全面、准确把握新时代我国棉花生产所处的状态和实际水平，研究获得大量背景值对深入了解当前全国农情、棉情具有重要参考价值。结果表明：2019年、2020年和2021年全国棉花生产（不包括轧花加工）每666.67 m2表观总成本分别为2 012.61元、2 059.10元和2 194.89元，每666.67 m2表观主产品产值分别为2 156.26元、2 584.65元和3 526.47元，每666.67 m2表观纯收益分别为143.64元、525.55元和1 331.58元，都呈现上涨趋势，表明植棉可以获得较高的收益回报；受气候变化和市场价格影响，年际间植棉生产波动大，稳定性差，相关补贴对稳定植棉收益具有重要功能。3年每千克皮棉表观生产总成本分别为14.61元、13.87元和16.98元，每千克物化成本分别为8.35元、7.95元和10.22元，整体上我国棉花仍具有较强竞争力。为加快建设棉花强国，提高棉花竞争力，应不断提高单产水平，进一步改善品质和降低成本。分析显示，经过棉区布局结构的不断调整和非均衡的价格支持政策，全国棉花生产形成中低投入、中低产出和中低效益，中等投入、中等产出和中等收益，高投入、高产出和高效益几种层次分明的类型，对找准不同生态区棉花的科技进步、科技兴棉、科技服务的着力点，政策支持和社会化服务发展的方向目标具有借鉴指导意义。本调查研究方法及其结果对《全国农产品成本收益资料汇编》中的棉花成本收益具有重要补充作用，可为修订农产品成本收益调查表、改进分析方法提供重要参考。 相似文献
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Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified. 相似文献
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《Journal of Cereal Science》2007,45(3):236-251
Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified. 相似文献
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概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。 相似文献
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种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。 相似文献
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近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。 相似文献
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Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from
the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch
were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics
investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules. 相似文献
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In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types. 相似文献
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types. 相似文献
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种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。 相似文献