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1.
试验以转SOS基因的高羊茅和野生型高羊茅为材料,测定其在盐碱胁迫下的叶绿素含量、丙二醛、脯氨酸和抗氧化酶活性指标,并测定种植转基因高羊茅和野生型高羊茅前后土壤的理化性质。结果表明,转基因的高羊茅在盐碱胁迫下,叶绿素的含量、脯氨酸的含量和抗氧化酶的活性均高于野生型,丙二醛含量低于野生型;种植野生型高羊茅和转基因高羊茅后,土壤中的pH、碱化度均逐步降低,且种植转基因高羊茅后土壤中的pH、碱化度降低的幅度更大,说明转基因高羊茅植株的耐盐碱性较好,并且在一定程度上改善了土壤的理化性质。 相似文献
2.
本研究在2015年采用基因工程技术改良高羊茅耐盐性,通过种植转基因耐盐草坪草达到改良土壤改善生态环境的目的。以草坪草成熟种子诱导的胚性愈伤组织为受体,通过农杆菌介导法将拟南芥AtSOS途径基因AtSOS1、AtSOS2-AtSOS3和AtSOS1-AtSOS2-AtSOS3分别导入高羊茅爱瑞3号中,经PCR检测、Southern blotting分析和RT-PCR鉴定,获得了能稳定表达的转基因株系。以转不同组合AtSOS基因的高羊茅植株和野生型植株为材料进行盐处理,每次处理重复3次,测定其生理生化指标、株高、Na+、K+离子含量、叶绿素含量,结果显示,盐胁迫下转基因植株的过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性都显著高于对照植株,而丙二醛(MDA)和脯氨酸(Pro)含量的增加幅度均显著低于对照植株;盐胁迫下转基因和野生型植株叶片中的Na+、K+含量都增加;盐胁迫下所有植株的株高均呈下降趋势,各株系的叶绿素含量也减少,但是转基因(AtSOS1-AtSOS2-AtSOS3)植株的叶绿素含量增加。转AtSOS基因的高羊茅通过发挥AtSOS途径的作用,促进了植物体内Na+的外排,减轻了盐胁迫所导致的伤害,提高了植物的耐盐性。 相似文献
3.
AtSOS基因在紫花苜蓿中的表达及其耐盐性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究采用基因工程技术改良紫花苜蓿耐盐性,通过种植转基因耐盐紫花苜蓿达到改良土壤的目的。以紫花苜蓿子叶节为外植体,通过农杆菌介导法将来源于拟南芥的AtSOS1-AtSOS2-AtSOS3多基因表达载体导入阿尔冈金紫花苜蓿中,经PCR检测、抗除草剂筛选和RT-PCR鉴定,获得了能稳定表达的转基因株系。以转基因的紫花苜蓿和野生型紫花苜蓿为材料进行盐处理,每个处理重复3次,测定其生理生化指标、株高、Na+和K+含量、细胞膜透性、叶绿素含量。结果显示,在不同盐浓度处理下,所有植株的株高均有所增长,但在100和200 mmol·L-1的NaCl处理下,转基因植株的长势显著高于野生型植株;随着处理时间的增加,所有植株的叶绿素含量均呈先上升后下降的趋势,且野生型植株叶绿素含量均低于转基因植株;在100和200 mmol·L-1的NaCl处理下,转基因植株的细胞膜透性、超氧化物歧化酶活性和脯氨酸含量的增加量均小于野生型植株,而过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性和可溶性糖含量的增加量均大于野生型;各植株中丙二醛含量均下降,且野生型植株下降的更为明显;盐处理后,转基因植株根系中Na+的积累比野生型植株少,而K+的吸收多于野生型植株。转AtSOS基因的紫花苜蓿通过发挥AtSOS途径的作用,促进了植物体将细胞内的Na+外排,从而减轻盐胁迫对植物体的伤害,提高了转基因植株的耐盐性。 相似文献
4.
旨在探究菲和芘胁迫下丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)与根围促生细菌(PGPR)对高羊茅生理生态的响应。以菲和芘1∶1混合处理浓度各0、50、100和150mg·kg^-1下对高羊茅接种AMF变形球囊霉(Gv)、PGPR荧光假单胞菌(Ps2-6)、Gv+Ps2-6和不接种对照共16个处理。结果表明,AMF、PGPR或AMF+PGPR处理均显著增加高羊茅生物量和菌根侵染率,增强植物光合作用,提高叶绿素含量,显著提高植物体内生理活性。在土壤中菲和芘100mg·kg^-1水平下,与对照相比,双接种Gv+Ps2-6处理的高羊茅叶片叶绿素a、b和总叶绿素含量分别提高57.7%、41.7%和51.8%;净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和气孔导度(Gs)分别增加70.6%、100.0%、4.5%和78.6%;最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fo)分别提高2.2%和8.8%;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量分别是对照的1.6、1.5、2.3和2.7倍,丙二醛含量比对照下降46.0%;高羊茅株高和地上鲜重分别比对照增加63.0%和69.6%;接种PGPR处理能够增加AMF侵染率以及菌根依赖性。供试条件下,双接种Gv+Ps2-6处理增加高羊茅叶绿素含量和抗氧化能力,增强光合作用能力,降低膜脂过氧化水平,促进植物生长的作用最为显著。 相似文献
5.
水肥耦合不仅可以维持草坪草的正常生长,而且可以减少一定的灌溉量。采用盆栽试验研究了不同土壤条件下硅对坪用高羊茅种子出苗及生长的影响。结果表明,不添加硅时,高羊茅种子适宜出苗时的土壤含水量应为饱和含水量的４５％～６０％,植株生长适宜的土壤含水量应为饱和含水量的７５％以上;当土壤含水量大于或等于饱和含水量的６０％时,添加硅不仅能够提前坪用高羊茅种子的初始出苗时间,缩短集中出苗时期,提高出苗率,而且能够显著促进高羊茅的株高和叶长生长,增加地上和地下生物量（P＜０．０５）,而当土壤含水量小于或者等于饱和含水量的４５％时,添加硅对高羊茅种子出苗和生长发育没有明显影响,说明添加硅对坪用高羊茅生长的有益作用受土壤含水量的约束;土壤含水量为饱和含水量的６０％时,添加硅处理中植株的分蘖数、株高、叶长和生物量与对照处理中土壤含水量为饱和含水量的７５％时植株的分蘖数、株高、叶长和生物量差异不显著,说明添加硅能降低高羊茅植株正常生长所需的土壤含水量,有利于节约灌溉量。 相似文献
6.
18个高羊茅品种的耐热性比较研究 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：13
采用盆栽法,观测了冷季型草坪草高羊茅18个品种(系)在38℃/28℃(昼/夜)高温胁迫下的形态指标主要观测其植株的成活率和生长状况,测定了叶片相对电导率、叶绿素总含量、丙二醛累积量、游离脯氨酸含量以及SOD活性5项生理指标,并综合评价了18个高羊茅品种(系)的耐热性能。结果表明:随着热胁迫时间的延长,叶片的相对电导率,丙二醛含量和游离脯氨酸含量均呈递增趋势;叶绿素总含量呈递减趋势;超氧化物歧化酶活性呈先递增后递减的趋势;各指标之间存在一定的相关性。综合分析结果表明:可将高羊茅的18个不同品种(系)大致聚为3个耐热级别:1级(相对耐热):高羊茅新品系98-1;2级(中等耐热):高羊茅98-5、新星、猎狗、野马、贝克、野狼和交战;3级(相对敏感):高羊茅Relf、原始群体、家园、春风、王朝、爱瑞、德米尼、91-82、98-2以及凌志。 相似文献
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川西地区蜜桔林不同遮荫度对3种禾草生物特性和地上生物量的作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对蜜桔林5个遮荫度(0,27%,50%,65%和70%)下3种禾草(扁穗牛鞭草Hemarthria compressal、高羊茅Festuca arundinecea和鸭茅Dactylis glomerata)的叶绿素含量、光合速率和地上生物量研究,结果表明,1)在林-草复合农林模式中,扁穗牛鞭草在全光照和低遮荫度(＜27%)下有最大的地上生物量,并随遮荫度的增加,其光合速率与地上生物量逐渐降低;2)高羊茅在中遮荫度(50%左右)下,有最大叶绿素总量(1.80 mg/g)和最大地上生物量,在低遮荫度和高遮荫度的处理下,其叶绿素总量和地上生物量都较低;3)鸭茅在中、高遮荫度下有最大的叶绿素b含量和最大地上生物量;4)3种禾草的光合速率都是在全光照下最大,随着遮荫度的增加,光合速率下降的程度不同.总之,3种禾草的耐荫性顺序是:扁穗牛鞭草＜高羊茅＜鸭茅,因此,在构建林-草复合种植模式过程中,应根据林木的覆盖度(遮荫度)来确定适宜种植的牧草. 相似文献
9.
抗逆转ABP9基因黑麦草和高羊茅植株的鉴定 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
选取黑麦草(Lolium perenne)barti和telstar品系以及高羊茅(Festuca elata)追寻者品系作为相应的受体材料,采用实验室克隆的玉米(Zea mays)抗逆相关转录因子ABP9通过农杆菌介导和基因枪轰击2种方法进行遗传转化,获得再生植株;并对再生植株进行PCR、Southern和Northern杂交分子检测以及抗逆性鉴定。试验结果表明,成功获得ABP9在基因组中整合并表达且抗逆性得到显著提高的转基因黑麦草和高羊茅植株。 相似文献
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试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
14.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
15.
H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
16.
Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
17.
B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
18.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
19.
Ling GV Thurmond MC Choi YK Franti CE Ruby AL Johnson DL 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):817-823
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors. 相似文献
20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems. 相似文献