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1.
试验以转SOS基因的高羊茅和野生型高羊茅为材料,测定其在盐碱胁迫下的叶绿素含量、丙二醛、脯氨酸和抗氧化酶活性指标,并测定种植转基因高羊茅和野生型高羊茅前后土壤的理化性质。结果表明,转基因的高羊茅在盐碱胁迫下,叶绿素的含量、脯氨酸的含量和抗氧化酶的活性均高于野生型,丙二醛含量低于野生型;种植野生型高羊茅和转基因高羊茅后,土壤中的pH、碱化度均逐步降低,且种植转基因高羊茅后土壤中的pH、碱化度降低的幅度更大,说明转基因高羊茅植株的耐盐碱性较好,并且在一定程度上改善了土壤的理化性质。  相似文献   

2.
麻冬梅  秦楚  倪星  许兴  郭伶娜 《草业学报》2016,25(12):170-179
本研究在2015年采用基因工程技术改良高羊茅耐盐性,通过种植转基因耐盐草坪草达到改良土壤改善生态环境的目的。以草坪草成熟种子诱导的胚性愈伤组织为受体,通过农杆菌介导法将拟南芥AtSOS途径基因AtSOS1、AtSOS2-AtSOS3和AtSOS1-AtSOS2-AtSOS3分别导入高羊茅爱瑞3号中,经PCR检测、Southern blotting分析和RT-PCR鉴定,获得了能稳定表达的转基因株系。以转不同组合AtSOS基因的高羊茅植株和野生型植株为材料进行盐处理,每次处理重复3次,测定其生理生化指标、株高、Na+、K+离子含量、叶绿素含量,结果显示,盐胁迫下转基因植株的过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性都显著高于对照植株,而丙二醛(MDA)和脯氨酸(Pro)含量的增加幅度均显著低于对照植株;盐胁迫下转基因和野生型植株叶片中的Na+、K+含量都增加;盐胁迫下所有植株的株高均呈下降趋势,各株系的叶绿素含量也减少,但是转基因(AtSOS1-AtSOS2-AtSOS3)植株的叶绿素含量增加。转AtSOS基因的高羊茅通过发挥AtSOS途径的作用,促进了植物体内Na+的外排,减轻了盐胁迫所导致的伤害,提高了植物的耐盐性。  相似文献   

3.
AtSOS基因在紫花苜蓿中的表达及其耐盐性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
麻冬梅  秦楚 《草业学报》2018,27(6):81-91
本研究采用基因工程技术改良紫花苜蓿耐盐性,通过种植转基因耐盐紫花苜蓿达到改良土壤的目的。以紫花苜蓿子叶节为外植体,通过农杆菌介导法将来源于拟南芥的AtSOS1-AtSOS2-AtSOS3多基因表达载体导入阿尔冈金紫花苜蓿中,经PCR检测、抗除草剂筛选和RT-PCR鉴定,获得了能稳定表达的转基因株系。以转基因的紫花苜蓿和野生型紫花苜蓿为材料进行盐处理,每个处理重复3次,测定其生理生化指标、株高、Na+和K+含量、细胞膜透性、叶绿素含量。结果显示,在不同盐浓度处理下,所有植株的株高均有所增长,但在100和200 mmol·L-1的NaCl处理下,转基因植株的长势显著高于野生型植株;随着处理时间的增加,所有植株的叶绿素含量均呈先上升后下降的趋势,且野生型植株叶绿素含量均低于转基因植株;在100和200 mmol·L-1的NaCl处理下,转基因植株的细胞膜透性、超氧化物歧化酶活性和脯氨酸含量的增加量均小于野生型植株,而过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性和可溶性糖含量的增加量均大于野生型;各植株中丙二醛含量均下降,且野生型植株下降的更为明显;盐处理后,转基因植株根系中Na+的积累比野生型植株少,而K+的吸收多于野生型植株。转AtSOS基因的紫花苜蓿通过发挥AtSOS途径的作用,促进了植物体将细胞内的Na+外排,从而减轻盐胁迫对植物体的伤害,提高了转基因植株的耐盐性。  相似文献   

4.
旨在探究菲和芘胁迫下丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)与根围促生细菌(PGPR)对高羊茅生理生态的响应。以菲和芘1∶1混合处理浓度各0、50、100和150mg·kg^-1下对高羊茅接种AMF变形球囊霉(Gv)、PGPR荧光假单胞菌(Ps2-6)、Gv+Ps2-6和不接种对照共16个处理。结果表明,AMF、PGPR或AMF+PGPR处理均显著增加高羊茅生物量和菌根侵染率,增强植物光合作用,提高叶绿素含量,显著提高植物体内生理活性。在土壤中菲和芘100mg·kg^-1水平下,与对照相比,双接种Gv+Ps2-6处理的高羊茅叶片叶绿素a、b和总叶绿素含量分别提高57.7%、41.7%和51.8%;净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和气孔导度(Gs)分别增加70.6%、100.0%、4.5%和78.6%;最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fo)分别提高2.2%和8.8%;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量分别是对照的1.6、1.5、2.3和2.7倍,丙二醛含量比对照下降46.0%;高羊茅株高和地上鲜重分别比对照增加63.0%和69.6%;接种PGPR处理能够增加AMF侵染率以及菌根依赖性。供试条件下,双接种Gv+Ps2-6处理增加高羊茅叶绿素含量和抗氧化能力,增强光合作用能力,降低膜脂过氧化水平,促进植物生长的作用最为显著。  相似文献   

5.
水肥耦合不仅可以维持草坪草的正常生长,而且可以减少一定的灌溉量。采用盆栽试验研究了不同土壤条件下硅对坪用高羊茅种子出苗及生长的影响。结果表明,不添加硅时,高羊茅种子适宜出苗时的土壤含水量应为饱和含水量的４５％～６０％,植株生长适宜的土壤含水量应为饱和含水量的７５％以上;当土壤含水量大于或等于饱和含水量的６０％时,添加硅不仅能够提前坪用高羊茅种子的初始出苗时间,缩短集中出苗时期,提高出苗率,而且能够显著促进高羊茅的株高和叶长生长,增加地上和地下生物量（P＜０．０５）,而当土壤含水量小于或者等于饱和含水量的４５％时,添加硅对高羊茅种子出苗和生长发育没有明显影响,说明添加硅对坪用高羊茅生长的有益作用受土壤含水量的约束;土壤含水量为饱和含水量的６０％时,添加硅处理中植株的分蘖数、株高、叶长和生物量与对照处理中土壤含水量为饱和含水量的７５％时植株的分蘖数、株高、叶长和生物量差异不显著,说明添加硅能降低高羊茅植株正常生长所需的土壤含水量,有利于节约灌溉量。  相似文献   

6.
18个高羊茅品种的耐热性比较研究   总被引：13，自引：2，他引：13  
采用盆栽法,观测了冷季型草坪草高羊茅18个品种(系)在38℃/28℃(昼/夜)高温胁迫下的形态指标主要观测其植株的成活率和生长状况,测定了叶片相对电导率、叶绿素总含量、丙二醛累积量、游离脯氨酸含量以及SOD活性5项生理指标,并综合评价了18个高羊茅品种(系)的耐热性能。结果表明:随着热胁迫时间的延长,叶片的相对电导率,丙二醛含量和游离脯氨酸含量均呈递增趋势;叶绿素总含量呈递减趋势;超氧化物歧化酶活性呈先递增后递减的趋势;各指标之间存在一定的相关性。综合分析结果表明:可将高羊茅的18个不同品种(系)大致聚为3个耐热级别:1级(相对耐热):高羊茅新品系98-1;2级(中等耐热):高羊茅98-5、新星、猎狗、野马、贝克、野狼和交战;3级(相对敏感):高羊茅Relf、原始群体、家园、春风、王朝、爱瑞、德米尼、91-82、98-2以及凌志。  相似文献   

7.
通过对蜜桔林5个遮荫度(0,27%,50%,65%和70%)下3种禾草(扁穗牛鞭草Hemarthria compressal、高羊茅Festuca arundinecea和鸭茅Dactylis glomerata)的叶绿素含量、光合速率和地上生物量研究,结果表明,1)在林-草复合农林模式中,扁穗牛鞭草在全光照和低遮荫度(＜27%)下有最大的地上生物量,并随遮荫度的增加,其光合速率与地上生物量逐渐降低;2)高羊茅在中遮荫度(50%左右)下,有最大叶绿素总量(1.80 mg/g)和最大地上生物量,在低遮荫度和高遮荫度的处理下,其叶绿素总量和地上生物量都较低;3)鸭茅在中、高遮荫度下有最大的叶绿素b含量和最大地上生物量;4)3种禾草的光合速率都是在全光照下最大,随着遮荫度的增加,光合速率下降的程度不同.总之,3种禾草的耐荫性顺序是:扁穗牛鞭草＜高羊茅＜鸭茅,因此,在构建林-草复合种植模式过程中,应根据林木的覆盖度(遮荫度)来确定适宜种植的牧草.  相似文献   

8.
抗逆转ABP9基因黑麦草和高羊茅植株的鉴定   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
选取黑麦草(Lolium perenne)barti和telstar品系以及高羊茅(Festuca elata)追寻者品系作为相应的受体材料,采用实验室克隆的玉米(Zea mays)抗逆相关转录因子ABP9通过农杆菌介导和基因枪轰击2种方法进行遗传转化,获得再生植株;并对再生植株进行PCR、Southern和Northern杂交分子检测以及抗逆性鉴定。试验结果表明,成功获得ABP9在基因组中整合并表达且抗逆性得到显著提高的转基因黑麦草和高羊茅植株。  相似文献   

9.
采集黄河风情线沿岸行道树柳树穴土壤,研究其有机质、全盐、pH等理化性质,以摸清园林绿地土壤的基本性状。结果表明,土壤有机质在表层土壤含量较高,深层土壤有机质含量相对较低;北滨河路中山桥一龙源段有机质平均含量最高,银滩桥一南滨河路秀川桥段有机质平均含量最低;土壤全盐含量绝大多数处于较低的水平,对种植植物不会产生盐害作用,60～80cm土层有全盐含量较高的现象,即为盐渍化土壤;土壤pH全部是碱性和强碱性土壤。  相似文献   

10.
铅胁迫下转DREB1A高羊茅对铅的吸收与耐受性研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
通过水培试验,研究转DREB1A高羊茅对铅的吸收与耐受性。分别用浓度为100 mg/L、200 mg/L、500 mg/L、1000 mg/L、1500 mg/L、2000 mg/L的铅溶液对生长1个月的高羊茅进行胁迫处理,3周后测算了高羊茅植株的铅含量、枯黄率、根系耐性指数、迁移率、富集系数、转运系数等指标。结果显示,相同的铅胁迫条件下,转基因高羊茅的生长状况较好,对铅的富集与转运能力也较强。但无论是在生长状况方面还是在铅含量及分布方面,两种高羊茅对铅胁迫的反应趋势基本相同。表明DREB1A基因未改变高羊茅对铅的转移运输机制,但提高了高羊茅对铅的富集能力及耐性,转DREB1A高羊茅可成为修复铅污染土壤的备选植物。  相似文献   

11.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

12.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

13.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

14.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

15.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

16.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
  相似文献   

17.
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.  相似文献   

18.
Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein  相似文献   

19.
正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in  相似文献   

20.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

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