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1.
结缕草冷处理后可溶性蛋白的变化(简报)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
结缕草属(Zoysia Willd.)为重要的暖季型草坪草属之一,很多优良特性[1]。对结缕草(Z.japonica)的抗寒性研究已有不少。Beard等[2]对35种暖季型草坪草的抗寒性研究表明,结缕草的抗寒性最强。Dunn[3]研究表明结缕草属植物耐寒性存在明显的种间差异,而且与抗寒锻炼有关。李亚等[4]采用改良电导法(EL)对中国54种代表性种质的抗寒性进行了研究。Gerloff[5]证明低温下苜蓿(Medicago sativaL.)的可溶性蛋白质增多。  相似文献   

2.
[目的]探究添加不同微生物菌剂及不同压实密度对玉米青贮营养成分及发酵品质的影响。[方法]以全株青贮玉米为原料,选取4种微生物发酵菌剂,设置2个压实密度(750 kg/m3和850 kg/m3)和2种微生物菌剂添加方式(推荐添加剂量和相同水平添加剂量)。微生物菌剂A(A组,由粪肠球菌、副干酪乳杆菌等7种菌组成)、B(B组,由布氏乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌组成)、C(C组,由布氏乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、乳酸片球菌组成)、D(D组,由植物乳杆菌、布氏乳杆菌组成)的推荐添加剂量分别为2.5×1011、1.1×1011、2.9×1011、1.0×1012CFU/t;相同水平添加剂量为5.0×1011CFU/t。2个压实密度下,均设置不添加微生物菌剂的对照组。发酵120 d后取样,测定并比较不同微生物菌剂添加水平及不同压实密度下玉米青贮营养成分和发酵指标。[结果]在750 kg/m3压实密度下,当添加推荐剂量的4种微生物菌剂时,D组干物...  相似文献   

3.
<正>辣蓼(polgonum hydropiper)为我国传统中药，常应用在生猪养殖中，用于抗菌和保健[1]。黄酮类成分包括黄酮、异黄酮和黄酮苷等，是蓼属植物的主要代谢产物[2]。有研究表明，多数中药材和天然植物药，通过黄酮类化合物发挥其维持生理机能和修复病理状态的作用[3]。虽然辣蓼在我国各地都有生长，但是由于其生长地不同和生长时间不同，因而不同批次的辣蓼成分之间存在着巨大差异。  相似文献   

4.
28种苔草属植物种子发芽特性研究(简报)   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  
吉文丽  吉鑫淼  陈东燕  李卫忠 《草地学报》2009,17(6):834-836,840
莎草科苔草属(Carex)是世界上分布最广的属之一[1], 其适应性强、返青早、生长期长、根茎发达、耐践踏,既是理想的草坪草种,又是良好的牧草资源和环境保护植物[2,3]。但同时具有休眠严重、萌发困难等特点[4,5],使进一步开发利用受到严重制约。本研究以28 种苔草属植物种子为对象,探讨了苔草属植物种子对恒温和变温、湿沙层积和干藏的发芽响应。通过对苔草种子发芽特性的研究,不仅可以提高苔草种子发芽率,筛选发芽率高的苔草种类,也可以为种子发芽生态研究提供科学依据[6]。  相似文献   

5.
放牧强度对混播草地群落数量特征的影响(简报)   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  
放牧强度对人工草地群落数量特征的影响,国内外学者已有报道[1~2],而有关青藏高原的研究则很少[3]。Reategui[4]认为,载畜量增大将使丛生禾草向矮生禾草演替,而导致草地退化。另外,放牧强度对植物群落组成和生物多样性也有很大影响,随着放牧强度的增加,一些适口性高、再生性强、不耐牧的种类减少,而适口性差、耐牧的种类增多[5]。本试验研究放牧强度对垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)/星星草(Puccinellia tenuflora)混播草地群落数量特征的影响,旨在为人工草地的放牧利用提供科学依据。  相似文献   

6.
<正>1957年，Issacs和Lindermann将灭活的流感病毒与鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜一起培养，发现了一种可溶性物质，该物质作用于其他鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜时，可以抑制流感病毒的复制，因此把这种物质命名为干扰素(Interferon,IFN)[1]。IFN是机体天然免疫防御系统中的一类重要的细胞因子[2]，它的主要功能包括抗病毒、抗肿瘤和免疫调节，也是目前被应用最多的3个特性[3]。根据干扰素的结构、序列、染色体上的位置和受体特异性，可以将其分为三类，即Ⅰ型干扰素、Ⅱ型干扰素和Ⅲ型干扰素[4]。Ⅰ型干扰素已发现IFN-α、IFN-β、IFN-ω、IFN-κ、IFN-δ、IFN-ε等，Ⅱ型干扰素目前只发现了IFN-γ[2]，Ⅲ型干扰素目前发现了IFN-λ1、IFN-λ2、IFN-λ3，Ⅲ型干扰素的许多功能同Ⅰ型干扰素是类似的[5,6]。  相似文献   

7.
<正>鹦鹉的前胃扩张症(Proventricular dilatation disease,PDD)最早报道于20世纪70年代,由美洲出口到欧洲的金刚鹦鹉很多出现呕吐、嗉囊迟缓、排便中存在未消化的种子等异常表现,发病动物出现消瘦,最终大量死亡。该病最早被称为金刚鹦鹉瘦病(Macaw waste dieases)[1],临床兽医和科研工作者尝试对该病的病原微生物进行分离,但始终没有成功。该病病原被怀疑是病毒,怀疑对象包括东部马脑炎病毒、副黏病毒等[1],直到2008年,Kistler等[2](美国)和Honkavuori等[3](以色列)2个团队分别采用高通量测序技术检测并比对基因库,确定该病的病原为鸟类博纳病毒(Avian bornavirus,ABV),与哺乳动物博纳病毒(Borna disease virus,BDV)约有75%的同源序列。目前,已发现有8种不同的ABV亚型[4]。ABV主要影响神经细胞,造成神经节苷脂炎,影响前胃(腺胃)平滑肌收缩,导致前胃扩张...  相似文献   

8.
张振铭  胡化广 《草地学报》2009,17(3):402-404
獐毛(Aeluropus littoralisvar.sinensis Debeaux)为禾本科獐毛属植物,该属共有5种,我国有1个种和1个变种,分布在江苏省的为獐毛变种[1]。  相似文献   

9.
叶面喷施铁制剂对高羊茅养分因子的影响(简报)   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  
铁是植物正常生理代谢所必需的微量营养元素之一,虽然在植物体内的含量甚微,但它作为多种酶的重要组成成份参与氧化还原反应,在植物生长发育中起着非常重要的作用;此外,铁的供应水平和绿色植物叶绿素含量之间常常有良好的相关性[1]。引起草坪草缺铁的条件是多样的。冷凉和潮湿的土壤,尤其在春季当生长速度加快时,会导致铁的不足[2],土壤pH值高、磷含量非常高均会导致缺铁,过量施氮或其他金属离子会使缺铁加剧[3]。施铁肥是目前改善草坪草缺铁症最普遍、最有效的方法[4,5]。有研究表明,用铁和氮的混合物在低氮率时就可有效地改善草坪色泽,因此,施铁作为部分氮的替代物及对无明显缺铁症状时施用铁肥的研究逐步受到研究人员的重视[3,6]。  相似文献   

10.
<正>蜂产业作为现代农业中“小”而“精”的产业,被誉为“农业之翼”[1],是我国现代农业发展的“甜蜜”事业[2]。作为具有多种效益属性的现代农业产业,蜂产业发展不仅能有效提升经济效益,增加农民的收入,并且对改善农作物产量与质量,实现更高的社会与生态效益同样作用显著[3]。根据联合国粮农组织数据显示,全球约85%的开花植物和90%的果树都需要蜜蜂进行授粉[4]。这其中,种植的107种主要农作物中有91种农作物需要通过蜜蜂授粉实现。还有国外研究指出,蜜蜂授粉带来的社会价值和生态效益是蜂蜜等经济产品总价值的143倍[5]。因此,研究蜜蜂的授粉对于维护全球生态平衡,改善农产品产量和质量,实现现代农业绿色高质量发展意义重大。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

16.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

18.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

20.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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