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旨在比较研究牛消化道各段牛Ⅰ型肽载体(bPepTI)mRNA的表达。本研究分别用比较Ct和标准曲线2种相对定量方法和1种绝对定量方法比较牛各段消化道上皮黏膜I型肽载体mRNA的表达量,以了解小肽在牛消化道的主要吸收部位。比较Ct法测定牛各段消化道表达量无显著统计差异(P>0.05),数值上由大到小的顺序为:空肠、回肠、盲肠、十二指肠、瘤胃、结肠、皱胃、瓣胃、网胃;标准曲线法结果表明,牛消化道各段bPepTI mRNA表达量差异显著(P<0.05),其中空肠的表达量最高,显著高于回肠(P<0.05),回肠表达量与消化道其余组织差异显著(P<0.05),其余各组织间表达量差异不显著(P>0.05);绝对定量检测到牛消化道各部位bPepTI mRNA表达量总体差异显著(P<0.05),mRNA拷贝数由高到低依次为空肠、瓣胃、网胃、瘤胃、盲肠、十二指肠、回肠、皱胃、结肠,空肠的表达量显著高于瓣胃(P<0.05),盲肠、十二指肠、回肠、皱胃之间表达量差异不显著(P>0.05)。综合本研究结果,标准曲线法和绝对定量测定牛消化道I型肽载体mRNA表达量更为准确,在牛整段消化道中I型肽载体mRNA在空肠、回肠、瓣胃、瘤胃都有高表达,应是小肽吸收的主要部位。 相似文献
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为分析钙敏感受体(CaSR)基因对湖羊和徐淮山羊消化吸收的作用,以6个月龄的湖羊和徐淮山羊为试验材料,利用荧光定量PCR SYBR GreenⅡ荧光染料法,对湖羊和徐淮山羊瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃、皱胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠、结肠和直肠10个组织中CaSR基因的表达水平进行相对定量分析。结果表明:在湖羊的样品组织中,CaSR基因在十二指肠中表达量最高,其次是回肠,两者的表达量差异达到显著水平(P0.05);CaSR基因在瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃、皱胃、空肠、盲肠、结肠、直肠中的表达量显著低于在十二指肠及回肠中的表达量(P0.05)。在徐淮山羊的组织样中,CaSR基因在回肠中的表达量最高,其次是十二指肠,且二者差异显著(P0.05);另外,该基因在回肠和十二指肠的表达量显著高于在瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃、皱胃、空肠、直肠中的表达量(P0.05),盲肠和结肠中该基因的表达量最低。通过试验说明CaSR在不同组织里的表达具有特异性,在不同的物种间主要表达组织也不同,表明湖羊和徐淮山羊具有不同的消化吸收方式。 相似文献
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《畜牧与兽医》2017,(2):51-56
为分析T1R1(味觉受体1家族Ⅰ型)、T1R3(味觉受体1家族Ⅲ型)及PepT1(Ⅰ型寡肽转运载体)基因对湖羊氨基酸吸收的影响,以6月龄的湖羊为试验材料,采用荧光定量PCR技术对湖羊瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃、皱胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠、结肠和直肠的T1R1、T1R3和PepT1基因的表达量进行相对定量分析。结果表明:T1R1和T1R3基因在检测的各段组织中均有表达,而PepT1基因在结肠中不表达;其中T1R1和T1R3基因在十二指肠中表达量最高,其次是空肠,并且两者差异显著极显著(P0.01);T1R1和T1R3基因在十二指肠(P0.01)和空肠(P0.05)中的表达量与消化道其他部位相比差异极显著或显著;Pep T1基因在空肠中表达量最高,其次是回肠,并且两者差异极显著(P0.01);Pep T1基因在空肠和回肠中的表达量与消化道其他部位相比差异极显著(P0.01)。该结果为进一步研究T1R1、T1R3和Pep T1基因对湖羊氨基酸吸收相关功能影响奠定基础。 相似文献
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1饲养特点牛的消化器官分为口腔(主要是分泌唾液和咀嚼饲料)、咽部、食道、瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃、皱胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠、结肠和直肠。皱胃与单胃动物的胃的功能相似,有消化蛋白质的功能。瘤胃表面由黏膜上皮覆盖,它不分泌粘液或消化酶和盐酸,瘤胃可降解、合成、吸收营养成分,瘤胃中消化或降解饲料(特别是粗饲料)是依靠微生物来完成。瘤胃中的 相似文献
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《中国兽医学报》2014,(1)
试验采用免疫组织化学、Real-time PCR和Western blotting方法测定ghrelin的功能性受体GHSR-1a(Growth hormone secretagogue receptor-1a,GHSR-1a)在奶山羊胃肠道的分布和表达。免疫组织化学结果显示,GHSR-1a免疫阳性细胞广泛分布于奶山羊胃肠道。在皱胃主要定位于黏膜层和肌层;瘤胃、网胃和瓣胃黏膜层及肌层中也可见GHSR-1a免疫阳性细胞;在小肠主要位于十二指肠、空肠和回肠的黏膜层、黏膜下层和肌层;在结肠、盲肠和直肠GHSR-1a免疫阳性细胞也有广泛分布;GHSR-1a主要表达于内在神经丛神经细胞、胃底腺上皮细胞、肠腺上皮细胞、复层鳞状上皮细胞、平滑肌细胞中。real-time PCR和Western blotting结果显示,皱胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠、结肠和直肠GHSR-1a的表达水平相对较高,显著高于瘤胃、网胃和瓣胃的表达(P<0.05)。结果表明,ghrelin可能通过GHSR-1a对奶山羊胃肠功能具有重要的调节作用。 相似文献
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为研究Ghrelin在马鹿体内可能表达的器官,通过反转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)和实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time quantitative PCR,qPCR)方法检测马鹿的舌、食管、瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃、皱胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠、结肠、直肠、肝、胰、颌下腺、腮腺、气管、肺、肾、输尿管、膀胱、卵巢、输卵管、子宫、阴道、大脑、下丘脑、垂体、松果体、甲状腺、肾上腺、心肌、心内膜、脾、淋巴结和骨骼肌中Ghrelin表达情况。结果显示,Ghrelin在皱胃内的表达量明显高于其他器官(P0.05);胰、子宫、卵巢、十二指肠和食管次之,与其余30种器官的表达量相比差异也显著(P0.05);其余器官内的表达量相对较少。结论:Ghrelin在所检测的36种器官内均有表达。 相似文献
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试验采用免疫组织化学、Real—timePCR和Western blotting方法测定ghrelin的功能性受体GHSR-1a（Growth hormone seeretagogue receptor-1a,GHSR-1a）在奶山羊胃肠道的分布和表达。免疫组织化学结果显示,GHSR—1a免疫阳性细胞广泛分布于奶山羊胃肠道。在皱胃主要定位于黏膜层和肌层;瘤胃、网胃和瓣胃黏膜层及肌层中也可见GHSR-1a免疫阳性细胞;在小肠主要位于十二指肠、空肠和回肠的黏膜层、黏膜下层和肌层;在结肠、盲肠和直肠GHSR—1a免疫阳性细胞也有广泛分布;GHSR—1a主要表达于内在神经丛神经细胞、胃底腺上皮细胞、肠腺上皮细胞、复层鳞状上皮细胞、平滑肌细胞中。real—timePCR和Westernblotting结果显示,皱胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠、结肠和直肠GHSR—1a的表达水平相对较高,显著高于瘤胃、网胃和瓣胃的表达（P〈0．05）。结果表明,ghrelin可能通过GHsR-1a对奶山羊胃肠功能具有重要的调节作用。 相似文献
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《畜牧兽医学报》2017,(1)
为了明确脑肠肽Ghrelin(又名胃饥饿素)在梅花鹿体内的表达及定位,采用反转录-聚合酶链式反应(RTPCR)、实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)和免疫组织化学技术检测了梅花鹿食管、瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃、皱胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠、结肠、肝、胰、甲状腺、垂体前叶、肺、肾、脾及卵巢等器官中Ghrelin mRNA的相对表达量和Ghrelin蛋白的定位分布情况。RT-qPCR结果显示:Ghrelin mRNA在上述器官中均有表达,其中皱胃内的表达量显著高于其他器官(P0.05);免疫组织化学染色结果表明Ghrelin蛋白在这些器官中均有表达,在消化管内的分布最为广泛。梅花鹿体内Ghrelin mRNA和Ghrelin蛋白的特定表达模式,揭示这一新型分子在梅花鹿的生长发育过程中可能存有广泛的生物学作用,尤其在胃肠道功能方面可能作为一种重要的调节方式而存在。 相似文献
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《畜牧兽医学报》2017,(3)
旨在研究绵羊胃肠道内游离氨基酸(FAA)和小肽(PAA)的数量分布和碱性氨基酸转运载体CAT1、酸性氨基酸转运载体EAAT3、中性氨基酸转运载体y+LAT2和ASCT2、小肽转运载体PepT1、氨基肽酶APN、二肽酶DPEP2mRNA在胃肠道的表达规律。试验选取18月龄健康小尾寒羊6只,屠宰后收集瘤胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠和盲肠的食糜及对应肠道组织,对食糜上清液的小肽和游离氨基酸进行测定,并用实时定量PCR对基因表达量进行测定。结果显示:1)绵羊食糜多数游离氨基酸浓度从高到低的分布为空肠、十二指肠、回肠、瘤胃和盲肠,前二者显著高于其他部位(P0.05);不同部位游离氨基酸组成比例不同;多数小肽浓度从高到低的分布为十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠和瘤胃,除瘤胃和盲肠外各部位间差异显著(P0.05);不同部位小肽的组成比例不同;小肽占总氨基酸(TAA)的比例在空肠显著低于其他部位(P0.05)。2)CAT1mRNA在空肠表达量最高,但不同部位间差异不显著;EAAT3、y+LAT2、PepT1、APN mRNA表达规律相似,均在回肠表达量最高;ASCT2mRNA在十二指肠表达量最高,DPEP2mRNA在盲肠表达量最高。结果提示,胃肠道不同区段游离氨基酸和小肽的浓度和组成不同;游离氨基酸的主要释放部位是空肠,主要吸收部位是回肠;小肽的主要释放部位是十二指肠,主要消化部位是空肠,在肠系膜系统的主要吸收部位是回肠;瘤胃和小肠各区段吸收碱性氨基酸的能力基本相同;酸性和多数中性氨基酸主要吸收部位是回肠,少数中性氨基酸主要吸收部位是空肠。本研究为绵羊小肠氨基酸营养和蛋白质消化吸收规律的研究提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究湖羊羔羊早期断奶前后的胃肠道结构和功能发育的变化,为羔羊的早期培育提供理论依据。选择初生重相近的22只双羔湖羊公羔(初生重3.81 kg±0.55 kg),1~7日龄饲喂母乳,8日龄与母羊分离,开始饲喂代乳粉(按8日龄体重的2%,分3次等量饲喂)和开食料(自由采食),35日龄停止饲喂代乳粉。于8、21和42日龄分别屠宰6只羔羊,检测瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃、皱胃的重量及十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠、结肠、直肠的长度和重量;采集瘤胃和小肠组织,切片后进行伊红和苏木精染色,检测瘤胃乳头长度、宽度、环形肌厚度、小肠绒毛高度、宽度和隐窝深度,并计算绒隐比(绒毛高度/隐窝深度);采集瘤胃、十二指肠和空肠内容物,检测淀粉酶、纤维素酶、乳糖酶、胰蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性及氨态氮(NH3-N)、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度。结果显示,瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃重和瘤胃占总胃重的比例随日龄的增加而显著增加(P<0.05),皱胃重占总胃重的比例随着日龄的增加而减小(P<0.05);十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠、结肠和直肠的长度、重量随日龄的增加而增加(P<0.05),42日龄十二指肠、回肠绒隐比均显著高于8和21日龄(P<0.05),瘤胃乳头高度、乳头宽度和肌层厚度均随日龄的增加而显著增加(P<0.05),十二指肠的绒毛高度、绒毛宽度、隐窝深度及空肠的绒毛高度、隐窝深度均随着日龄的增加而减小;十二指肠淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶及空肠淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶活性均随着日龄的增加而显著增加(P<0.05);42日龄羔羊瘤胃中淀粉酶活性及乙酸、丙酸和丁酸浓度均显著高于21日龄羔羊(P<0.05)。以上结果说明,和断奶(21日龄)前相比,断奶后羔羊的瘤胃发育增强,皱胃和小肠组织形态变小,瘤胃和小肠中主要消化酶的活性均增强。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献