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1.
用小花棘豆饲喂经苦马豆素人工抗原免疫接种过的家兔,通过检测家兔的血清学和免疫学指标,探讨苦马豆素人工抗原免疫接种对动物机体的保护作用.将30只家兔随机分为免疫对照组、免疫攻毒组、攻毒对照组和正常对照组,免疫组家兔接种苦马豆素人工抗原,攻毒组家兔按干重拌料饲喂10 g/(kg·d)小花棘豆草粉,检测血清抗体效价、相关生化指标和苦马豆素含量的变化以及E玫瑰花环率的变化.结果表明,免疫组家兔均有抗苦马豆素抗体产生,免疫攻毒组家兔较攻毒对照组家兔血清酶活性异常变化延缓,苦马豆素含量降低,E-玫瑰花环率升高.说明苦马豆素人工抗原能够有效预防小花棘豆对家兔造成的损伤,有一定的利用前景. 相似文献
2.
苦马豆素对家兔脑组织抗氧化功能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探讨苦马豆素对家兔脑组织抗氧化功能的影响,进一步揭示苦马豆素的毒性作用机理.24只家兔随机分为4组,即对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组.将小花棘豆全草粉碎后,按Ⅰ组添加15％(含苦马豆素30 mg/kg)、Ⅱ组添加30％(含苦马豆素60 mg/kg)、Ⅲ组添加45％(含苦马豆素90mg/kg)的比例制作混合饲料,饲喂至出现中毒典型临床症状为止.攻毒后14,35,70 d每组随机采集2只家兔的肝脏组织,检测SOD、GSH-Px、CAT、NOS活性及MDA、NEFA、·OH、LPO、NO和Glu含量的变化.结果显示,与正常对照组相比,试验组家兔肝脏SOD、GSH-Px、CAT等抗氧化物酶的活性极显著下降(P＜0.01),而MDA、NEFA、·OH、LPO、NO和Glu含量极显著上升(P＜0.01).结果表明,不同浓度苦马豆素对家兔脑组织抗氧化功能有显著影响,且具有一定的时间效应和剂量效应关系,长期低剂量摄入苦马豆素可引起家兔不同程度的脑组织损伤. 相似文献
3.
探讨苦马豆素对家兔脑组织一氧化氮(NO)、环磷鸟苷(cGMP)和游离谷氨酸(Glu)的影响,进一步揭示苦马豆素的毒性作用机理。将24只家兔随机分为4组,即对照组和试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组。将小花棘豆全草粉碎后,按Ⅰ组添加15%(含苦马豆素30mg/kg)、Ⅱ组添加30%(含苦马豆素60mg/kg)、Ⅲ组添加45%(含苦马豆素90mg/kg)的比例制作混合饲料,饲喂至典型临床症状出现为止。攻毒后14、35、70d每次每组随机采集2只家兔的全脑,检测家兔不同脑区NO、cGMP和Glu含量的变化。结果显示,从35d起,试验Ⅰ组家兔大脑、小脑、丘脑及海马的NO、cGMP及Glu含量均显著高于对照组(P0.05);试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组家兔大脑、小脑、丘脑及海马的NO、cGMP及Glu含量均极显著高于对照组(P0.01),但3个试验组脑干中3种物质含量与对照差异均不显著(P0.05)。同一试验组中小脑3种物质的含量变化较海马、大脑和丘脑明显。结果表明,不同浓度苦马豆素对家兔脑组织NO、cGMP及Glu含量有显著影响,且具有一定的时间-剂量效应关系,小脑、海马、大脑和丘脑是苦马豆素作用的靶区,通过影响这几个脑区信号转导而产生毒性作用。 相似文献
4.
为进一步筛选苦马豆的主要毒性成分和生物碱类活性物质,对苦马豆生物碱成分进行初步分析。采用生物碱预试、薄层色谱和气相色谱质谱联用等方法对宁夏采集的苦马豆生物碱成分进行定性分析。经薄层色谱分析,苦马豆生物碱出现了Rf值与苦参碱相近的斑点;气相色谱质谱联用分析确定苦马豆生物碱出现了与苦参碱色谱保留时间相近的峰,且该峰对应的离子碎片质谱图与苦参碱离子碎片质谱图一致。但通过薄层色谱和气相色谱质谱联用分析均未从苦马豆中检出吲哚里西啶生物碱——苦马豆素。结果表明,宁夏采集的苦马豆中含有苦参碱,不含苦马豆素或所含苦马豆素低于检测限。 相似文献
5.
小花棘豆中毒对家兔睾丸α-甘露糖苷酶的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国兽医学报》2015,(4):640-644
将24只家兔随机分为4组,即对照组和试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组。将小花棘豆全草粉碎后,按Ⅰ组添加15%(含苦马豆素30mg/kg)、Ⅱ组添加30%(含苦马豆素60mg/kg)、Ⅲ组添加45%(含苦马豆素90mg/kg)的比例制作混合饲料,饲喂至典型临床症状出现为止。攻毒后第14、35、70d每次每组随机采集2只家兔的睾丸,检测家兔睾丸AMA活性及其表达变化。结果显示,试验组及对照组家兔睾丸高尔基体α-甘露糖苷酶Ⅱ(AMA1)和溶酶体α-甘露糖苷酶(AMA2)均有表达,但各试验组表达转录水平与对照组差异显著,试验Ⅰ组家兔AMA1和AMA2的表达与对照组差异不显著(P0.05),但试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组家兔AMA1和AMA2的表达均显著低于对照组(P0.05),随着试验的进行抑制效果愈加明显。结果表明,小花棘豆中毒可影响家兔睾丸AMA的活性及其基因的转录表达。 相似文献
6.
《中国兽医学报》2017,(1):148-153
将24只家兔随机分为对照组和试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,试验组饲粮分别按照Ⅰ组15%(苦马豆素含量30mg/kg)、Ⅱ组30%(苦马豆素含量60mg/kg)、Ⅲ组45%(苦马豆素含量90mg/kg)的比例添加小花棘豆,对照组仅饲喂青干草,试验期70d;分别于攻毒后第14,35,70天每次每组随机采集2只家兔的睾丸,通过TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡,real-time PCR检测Bcl-2、Bax mRNA的表达,免疫组化检测Bcl-2、Bax蛋白的表达。结果显示:从第35天开始,试验Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组家兔睾丸细胞凋亡指数、Bcl-2和Bax mRNA的表达均与对照差异极显著(P<0.01),试验Ⅰ组家兔睾丸细胞凋亡指数、Bcl-2和Bax mRNA的表达均与对照差异显著(P<0.05);试验组家兔睾丸组织Bcl-2蛋白表达均明显低于对照,Bax蛋白表达均明显高于对照,其差异性随中毒时间的延长而变化。结果表明:小花棘豆中毒可导致家兔睾丸组织生精细胞凋亡,且与小花棘豆中毒呈现一定的时间-剂量效应,这种作用可能与Bcl-2和Bax基因表达有关。 相似文献
7.
哈密黄芪化学成分预试及生物碱成分色谱分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用植物化学成分系统预试法、生物碱系统提取法和薄层色谱技术对哈密黄芪化学成分,特别是生物碱成分进行了薄层色谱分析.结果表明,哈密黄芪含有生物碱、多糖、苷类、氨基酸、甾体、萜类、油脂、鞣质、酚类、有机酸、黄酮、醌类、强心甙和香豆素.2 968 g哈密黄芪经乙醇热回流提取得303.3 g总浸膏,经酸化、碱化,所得碱液依次用氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,得到3部分浸膏分别为0.51,1.72,19.10 g,提取率分别为0.017%,0.058%,0.644%;说明哈密黄芪生物碱主要集中在正丁醇提取部分,以大极性生物碱为主.对各部分提取物进行薄层层析分析,结果显示氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇提取部分生物碱至少分别有17,13,5种.经与标准样品对照,证明哈密黄芪所含的生物碱主要以苦马豆素等吲哚里西啶生物碱为主,同时也含有少量的黄华碱和臭豆碱等喹诺里西啶生物碱.本试验还利用薄层制备技术分离得到正丁醇提取部分中的苦马豆素. 相似文献
8.
本试验采用植物化学成分系统预试法、生物碱系统提取法和薄层色谱技术对冰川棘豆地上部分全草的化学成分,特别是生物碱成分进行了薄层色谱分析。结果表明冰川棘豆含有生物碱、氨基酸和蛋白质、有机酸、酚类和鞣质、多糖及甙类、皂甙、甾体、香豆素、萜类以及蒽醌类。不含挥发油、黄酮体、氰甙和脂肪族硝基化合物;5 000 g冰川棘豆干草粉经醇类溶剂提取得总浸膏312.0 g,再经酸化、碱化处理,收集碱水液依次用氯仿、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇分段萃取,分别得氯仿部分0.5 g,乙酸乙酯部分5.4 g,正丁醇部分52.0 g,初步表明冰川棘豆生物碱主要集中在正丁醇提取部分,以强极性生物碱为主;各部分生物碱提取物经薄层层析分析,结果表明氯仿部分至少有9种生物碱,乙酸乙酯部分至少有11种,正丁醇部分至少有4种。经与苦马豆素标准样品对照,证明三部分提取物均含有苦马豆素。 相似文献
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11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
13.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
14.
Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
15.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
16.
B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
17.
Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
18.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
19.
Troxel MT Vite CH Van Winkle TJ Newton AL Tiches D Dayrell-Hart B Kapatkin AS Shofer FS Steinberg SA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):850-859
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma. 相似文献