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推行科学耕作拯救黑土地 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
黑土地是建设农业强省、生态大省的根基，但黑土地危机四伏，推行科学耕作、拯救黑土地势在必行。为此，以黑土地是建设农业强省、生态大省的根基为出发点，论述了推行科学耕作、拯救黑土地的具体措施。 相似文献
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黑土地是我国重要的自然资源,在农业发展和粮食生产中具有很重要的地位.但是长期过度耕作使黑土层的耕作厚度逐渐减少,地力逐渐下降,影响粮食的产量,因此加大对黑土地的保护已经刻不容缓.本文以美国黑土地保护现状和中国黑土地保护现状为出发点,分析了黑土地保护性耕作技术存在的问题,提出了黑土地保护性耕作技术的发展思考,以期为相关的... 相似文献
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保护性耕作技术在辽宁黑土地保护中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用对比试验的方法,探讨保护性耕作对黑土地土壤容重、含水量、风蚀量、肥力等指标的影响。结果表明:实施保护性耕作技术能够显著增强黑土地土壤的蓄水能力,减少土壤风蚀、水蚀,增加土壤肥力,是遏制辽宁省黑土地退化的有效途径。 相似文献
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长期的过度耕作使东北黑土区耕层厚度逐年减少,耕地地力严重下降,粮食减产,环境恶化。东北黑土地的保护已到了刻不容缓的程度。对黑土地退化的原因进行了简要的分析,论述了发展保护性耕作技术是拯救黑土地的唯一有效措施,提出了在东北黑土地上推广保护性耕作的建议。 相似文献
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关于实施东北黑土地保护性耕作行动计划的几点思考 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
东北黑土地是我国"耕地中的大熊猫",黑土地战略性保护对农业可持续发展和保障粮食安全至关重要。2020年我国正式实施东北黑土地保护性耕作行动计划,为更好地推动黑土地保护性耕作行动计划的实施,介绍行动计划的提出背景,系统梳理行动计划的实施模式、技术路径及成效,分析推进保护性耕作过程中存在的主要问题,并提出"六个抓好"的思考与建议。 相似文献
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2月5日,2020年中央一号文件提出"启动实施东北黑土地保护性耕作行动计划";2月25日,农业农村部、财政部印发了《东北黑土地保护性耕作行动计划》(农机发〔2020〕2号)。短短20天时间,东北黑土地保护性耕作行动计划就由部署升级到实操阶段,也标志着中央支持发展农业机械化的政策体系进入新阶段. 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。 相似文献
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赵国杰 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(4):106-107
乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。 相似文献
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苑庆刚 《农业机械化与电气化》2010,(3):52-54
草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献