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深松灭茬旋耕起垄联合作业机设计与试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对辽宁省西部褐土区常年降水量低,蒸发量较大,土壤干旱严重,严重影响作物产量问题,设计了1MXQ-4型灭茬旋耕起垄联合作业机,主要由深松装置、灭茬旋耕装置、起垄装置和镇压装置等组成。机具可一次完成深松、灭茬、旋耕、培垄和镇压等多项联合作业,实现垄沟垄台互换功能。通过对其关键部件灭茬旋耕装置的动力学分析确定了灭茬装置回转半径R为300 mm,入土深度H为8 cm,最小转速n为210 r/min。按犁体曲面的几何元线法设计原理,元线角θ按抛物线规律变化,绘制起垄铲工作曲面,确定起垄装置结构参数。通过土槽模拟土粒运动轨迹的木块试验,得出曲面楔子型培土器工作性能优于平面楔子型培土器,实现了垄台垄沟互换功能。通过三因素五水平试验,得出各因素对试验指标起垄最大高度影响主次顺序为机具前进速度、工作深度、秸秆覆盖量;各因素对工作阻力影响的主次顺序为秸秆覆盖量、工作深度、机具前进速度。利用Design-Expert软件对机具工作参数求解和实际工作验证得到最佳作业参数:机具前进速度为6 km/h,工作深度为22. 2 cm,起垄最大高度为24. 05 cm,工作阻力为12. 08 kN。满足了辽宁省西部褐土区所需的垄台垄沟互换耕作的土壤合理耕层构建技术指标要求。 相似文献
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《中国农机化学报》2021,(5)
针对目前玉米秸秆在全量还田情况下,由于种带的秸秆和根茬不处理或处理不够充分,导致后期播种质量差影响出苗率的问题,设计一种基于灭茬少耕技术的气吹式垄台秸秆处理机。该机利用风机气吹装置将垄台秸秆分流到垄沟位置,利用灭茬装置对垄台剩余根茬进行粉碎,在培土装置的作用下,土壤和粉碎后的根茬充分混合并回落到垄台位置。通过正交试验,选取风机压力、风机流量、刀轴转速为影响因素,以垄台秸秆覆盖率和根茬粉碎率为评价指标,利用Design-Expert数据分析软件对风机和灭茬装置进行优化设计,通过田间试验表明:当风机压力2 250 Pa、风机流量4.5 m~3/s、刀轴转速295 r/min时,得到最佳工作参数组合,此时垄台秸秆覆盖率为3.75%,根茬粉碎率为86.45%,满足播种要求。 相似文献
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该机为江苏省农机推广站和徐州市农机推广站(联系电话：0516-5752638)联合研制的一种集掩埋秸秆、旋耕、碎土功能于一体的新型秸秆还田机具，广泛适用于水田旋耕埋草作业。 相似文献
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本文介绍了一种新型机具,能高效地将田间的玉米秸秆搂集成条铺状,利于打捆机作业。该机结构合理、指轮角度可调、单体可仿形、适于起垄地块作业、、作业效果好、搂净率高。尤其对玉米联合收割机作业后秸秆遍布田间的地块,作业效果更为理想。是秸秆回收的理想机具。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。 相似文献
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赵国杰 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(4):106-107
乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。 相似文献
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苑庆刚 《农业机械化与电气化》2010,(3):52-54
草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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M. G. Bos H. van den Bosch H. Diemont H. van Keulen J. Lahr G. Meijerink A. Verhagen 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》2007,21(1):1-15
The rural sustainability index is a scientifically based tool to quantify the performance of agriculture. The sustainability
of crop production is quantified from three perspectives; people, planet and profit. Within each perspective, one condition
was selected that must be met to warrant agriculture. These are: No hazardous work should be used within the crop production
chain; agricultural crops should not be grown on land allocated to nature by national law or regulations and, when a GM-crop
is present or is introduced in a region, it should not harm development opportunities of other farmers. If these excluding
conditions are met, the sustainability of agriculture is assessed through five performance indicators on school attendance,
water use and consumption, fertilizer use, pesticide use, and farm income. For each of the five indicators, critical values
and target values have been given that limit the transition range between non-sustainable and sustainable production. The
five indicators are combined into a sustainability index. The index aims at improving the socio-economic position of farmers
while protecting the environment.
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