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本试验旨在研究饲料中添加酵母核苷酸对团头鲂生长性能、抗氧化功能和抗病力的影响.选择初始体重为(31.46±0.07)g的团头鲂300尾,随机分成2组(对照组和核苷酸组),每组3个重复,每个重复50尾.对照组试验鱼饲喂基础饲料,核苷酸组试验鱼饲喂在基础饲料中添加200 mg/kg酵母核苷酸(单体核苷酸与低聚核苷酸总含量为70％)的试验饲料,饲喂56 d后测定鱼体的生长、形体以及血液生理生化指标,并在饲养试验结束后采用嗜水气单胞菌攻毒试验测定鱼体的累积死亡率.结果表明:饲料中添加200 mg/kg酵母核苷酸显著提高了团头鲂的特定生长率和蛋白质效率(P＜0.05),显著降低了饲料系数(P＜0.05),但对摄食率、肝体比、内脏比、肥满度和存活率无显著影响(P＞0.05).与对照组相比,核苷酸组血浆中抗超氧阴离子水平显著增加(P＜0.05),但碱性磷酸酶活性无显著变化(P＞0.05).饲料中添加200 mg/kg酵母核苷酸对团头鲂的肝功能以及血脂和血糖指标均无显著影响(P＞0.05),但能显著降低嗜水气单胞菌攻毒后96～168 h的累积死亡率(P＜0.05).由此得出,饲料中添加200 mg/kg酵母核苷酸能在一定程度上促进团头鲂的生长,增强鱼体的抗氧化功能和抗病力,且不会影响鱼体肝功能以及血脂和血糖代谢. 相似文献
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试验旨在评价黑鲷(Acanthopagrus schlegelii)和建鲤(Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)对乙醇梭菌蛋白中干物质、粗蛋白、氨基酸、粗脂肪和总磷的表观消化率。试验饲料由70%的基础饲料和30%的乙醇梭菌蛋白组成,并添加0.1%的三氧化二钇(Y2O3)作为指示剂。选取平均体重为(6.03±0.09) g的黑鲷360尾,分为两组,每组6个重复,每个重复30尾,两组分别饲喂基础饲料和试验饲料;选取平均体重为(45.00±0.50) g的建鲤180尾,分为两组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾,两组分别饲喂基础饲料和试验饲料。结果表明,黑鲷对乙醇梭菌蛋白中干物质、粗蛋白、氨基酸、粗脂肪和总磷的表观消化率分为99.89%、100%、95.16%～100%、88.60%和100%;建鲤对乙醇梭菌蛋白中干物质、粗蛋白、氨基酸、粗脂肪和总磷的表观消化率分为78.68%、95.00%、96.12%～100%、52.26%和100%。总体而言,乙醇梭菌蛋白的粗蛋白和氨基酸的表观消化率均处在较高水平。由此可知,对黑鲷和建鲤而言,乙醇... 相似文献
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试验通过比较凡纳滨对虾对3种酵母产品(鲜酵母粉、酵母核苷酸、啤酒酵母水解物)的诱食效果,研究诱食效果最佳的产品在高低蛋白水平下对凡纳滨对虾生长性能的影响。将基础饲料中3%秘鲁鱼粉等量替换为鲜酵母粉、酵母核苷酸、啤酒酵母水解物,添加氧化钇(Y_2O_3)、氧化钕(Nd_2O_3)、氧化镧(La_2O_3)和氧化镱(Yb_2O_3)作为惰性标物,用于测定选食偏好。试验设4个重复,将4种饲料等量混合投喂,并收集粪便,分析粪便中惰性元素的比例。研究发现,对虾对不同饲料的选食偏好高低为酵母核苷酸组鲜酵母粉组鱼粉组啤酒酵母水解物组,且各组间差异显著(P0.05)。为探讨酵母核苷酸在不同蛋白水平下对凡纳滨对虾的生长的影响,试验采用2×2双因素设计2个蛋白水平(36%、45.27%)和2个酵母核苷酸水平(0、0.8%),形成4种试验饲料。选取480尾初始体质量(0.79±0.01)g对虾幼虾,随机分成4组,每组4个重复,试验周期56 d。试验结果显示,低蛋白水平能显著提高对虾存活率、终末体均质量、增重率、特定生长率、摄食量和蛋白质保留率(P0.05);饲料中添加酵母核苷酸均能显著提高对虾存活率(P0.05),提高终末体均质量、增重率和特定生长率(P0.05),降低饲料系数(P0.05)。各组间的干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和灰分含量不显著(P0.05)。综上所述,在本试验条件下,酵母核苷酸具有较好的诱食效果,饲料添加0.8%酵母核苷酸能促进摄食,提高生长性能,在低蛋白水平下作用更显著。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究磷缺乏对幼建鲤组织器官病理变化的影响.将300尾平均体重为(7.17±0.01)g的幼建鲤随机分为2组(每组3个重复,每个重复50尾鱼),分别饲喂磷含量为0.55%(对照组)和0.17%(缺乏组)的饲粮63 d.结果表明:磷缺乏引起幼建鲤肠上皮细胞坏死、脱落;肝细胞空泡变性、溶解、坏死;胰腺腺泡坏死、崩解;头肾细胞裂解、脱落;后肾肾小管裂解、坏死;脾脏细胞裂解,空泡变性;心脏肌纤维溶解、断裂;鳃小片上皮坏死、脱落,软骨消失;肌纤维部分崩解、坏死.由此得出,磷缺乏会造成幼建鲤组织器官不同程度的病理损伤. 相似文献
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饲料中添加酵母免疫多糖对黄河鲤生长和非特异性免疫力的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将480尾初始体重(150±0.52)g的黄河鲤(Huanghe cyprinus carpio)随机分成6组,分别饲喂基础饲料中添加0%(对照组)、0.05%、0.10%、0.20%、0.30%和0.40%酵母免疫多糖的日粮,进行为期8周的摄食生长试验,探讨饲料中添加酵母免疫多糖对其生长和非特异性免疫力的影响.试验结果表明,当饲料中添加0.20%、0.30%和0.40%酵母免疫多糖时生长性能显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),饲料中添加酵母免疫多糖,试验组黄河鲤血液白细胞吞噬活力和血清溶菌酶活力显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).因此,饲料中添加适宜含量的酵母免疫多糖可显著提高黄河鲤生长率和非特异性免疫力. 相似文献
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为研究日粮中添加吡啶羧酸铬对幼建鲤生长和血清生化指标的影响,本试验采用单因素试验设计,选择225尾健康的初重为(35.61±0.14)g的幼建鲤,平均分成5组,每组3个重复,每个重复15尾,分别投喂吡啶羧酸铬添加量为0、2.46、4.92、7.38 mg/kg和9.84 mg/kg的饲料,投喂12周。结果表明:随着饲料中吡啶羧酸铬添加量的增加,幼建鲤的增重率、饲料转化率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率和肥满度呈先提高后降低的趋势;与对照组相比,添加组血清甘油三酯、尿素氮和血糖降低(P<0.05),而总蛋白(P>0.05)和游离脂肪酸提高(P<0.01)。结论:添加适量吡啶羧酸铬可改善血液生化指标,促进生长。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献