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1.
奶牛隐性乳房炎的病原检测与小白鼠致病性研究   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
本研究以新疆乌鲁木齐地区的2个奶牛场隐性乳房炎患牛为试验对象,共分离鉴定出21种91株引起奶牛乳房炎的主要病原菌,其中葡萄球菌28株(30.78%),链球菌21株(23.07%),杆菌25株(27.48%),其他细菌17株(18.67%)。对主要病原菌通过动物试验确定致病力较强的菌为金黄色葡萄球菌、克雷伯氏菌和大肠杆菌。同时对17大类主要病原菌共30种药物的药敏试验结果表明,在奶牛隐性乳房炎中应用较多的青霉素、四环素等抗生素对常见致病菌几乎无效,而左氧氟沙星、呋喃妥因、头孢噻肟、阿米卡星则显示出较好的抑菌作用。  相似文献   

2.
湖北地区奶牛乳房炎病原菌的分离鉴定与耐药性分析   总被引:15,自引:1,他引:15  
本研究旨在分离鉴定湖北地区致奶牛乳房炎的病原菌,鉴定细菌的耐药特征.为奶牛乳房炎防治提供理论依据。从湖北两个主要奶牛小区的9个不同规模的奶牛场采集牛奶样本200份,经检测.其中3份为临床乳房炎样本,49份为隐性乳房炎。两地区隐性乳房炎的检出率分别为36.4%(20/55)与20%(29/145)。两地区乳房炎牛奶的细菌种类分布也各不同。其中武汉东西湖地区停乳链球菌的分离率最高,占33.3%(8/24).而宜昌夷陵区以金黄色葡萄球菌分离率最高,占29%(9/31),其次为无乳链球菌,占25.8%(8/31)。从乳房炎牛奶中共分离到7种细菌共55株,其中金黄色葡萄球菌11株,表皮葡萄球菌10株,无乳链球菌10株,停乳链球菌14株,乳房链球菌2株,大肠埃希氏菌4株,克雷伯氏菌4株。分别对所有分离株进行12种药物的敏感性试验,结果表明所有菌株对先锋V、氧氟沙星均高度敏感.对临床常用的青霉素、链霉素具有较高的耐药性。  相似文献   

3.
为了研究湖南省规模化奶牛场乳房炎致病菌类型和耐药性,从4个规模化奶牛场采集了77头患有乳房炎的鲜奶样品,共分离出37种、162株病原菌,其中葡萄球菌95株(58.64%)、芽孢杆菌28株(17.28%)、克雷伯菌10株(6.17%)、埃希菌9株(5.56%)、棒状杆菌、链球菌、沙门菌及其他菌属均在5株以下。耐药性试验结果显示,金黄色葡萄球菌对阿莫西林具有较强的耐药性,对青霉素、头孢西丁、苯唑西林、四环素、庆大霉素、万古霉素和环丙沙星敏感;而大肠杆菌和肺炎克雷伯菌对庆大霉素和环丙沙星敏感,对其他抗生素耐药性较强。综上所述,湖南地区奶牛乳房炎的主要致病菌为金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和肺炎克雷伯菌,庆大霉素和环丙沙星可作为该地区奶牛乳房炎的首选治疗药物。  相似文献   

4.
为了深入了解我国部分地区奶牛乳房炎克雷伯氏菌的耐药情况,试验从内蒙古、河北、黑龙江、上海和山东等省市自治区的乳房炎病牛乳样中收集497份样品,分离克雷伯氏菌。采用染色镜检法、PCR法和微量肉汤稀释法鉴定克雷伯氏菌及检测其不同地点和不同时间的耐药性。结果表明:从497份样品中分离出46株克雷伯氏菌,分离率为9.26%;分离得到的克雷伯氏菌呈革兰氏染色阴性,为短粗状的杆菌;PCR扩增得到大小约为1 500 bp的目的片段;克雷伯氏菌对氨苄西林的耐药性最高,耐药率达到73.91%,其次为复方新诺明(45.65%),耐药率均高于40.00%,耐药率低于10.00%的药物有氧氟沙星(8.70%)、美罗培南(2.17%);河北与上海地区分离菌株耐药情况较严重,内蒙古地区分离菌株耐药情况相对较好;下半年克雷伯氏菌的多重耐药性较上半年严重。说明我国奶牛乳房炎克雷伯氏菌存在一定程度的耐药性,且不同地点、不同时间耐药性存在较大差异。  相似文献   

5.
牛源肺炎克雷伯氏菌的分离和鉴定   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
牛源肺炎克雷伯氏菌的分离和鉴定陈兴生叶育桐(海南省定安县兽医诊断室,571200)陈永林(中国兽药监察所)肺炎克雷伯氏菌为肠杆菌科的条件病原菌,能使人畜发生肺炎、子宫炎、乳房炎及其它化脓性炎症,甚至发生败血症,对人畜具有高度病原性[1,2]。我们在开...  相似文献   

6.
肺炎克雷伯氏菌为革兰氏阴性菌,是重要的条件性致病菌和医源性感染菌之一,也是引起奶牛乳房炎的重要病原菌。本研究对30份奶牛乳房炎乳样进行了病原菌的分离鉴定,并对分离菌进行药物敏感试验;结果表明,本次共分离肺炎克雷伯氏菌3株,遗传进化树关系显示分离菌株KP1、KP3与CP031810株、CP031562株、CP032185株亲缘关系较近,分离株KP2则相对较远。药物敏感试验结果显示,3株分离株均对阿莫西林、头孢他啶、头孢曲松耐药,对链霉素、庆大霉素表现敏感,分离菌株KP1和KP3对青霉素表现中度敏感,菌株KP2则表现耐药。本研究为奶牛场针对该菌的防控提供了基础数据。  相似文献   

7.
为探讨奶牛子宫内膜炎和隐性乳房炎之间的相关性,在宁夏地区3个大型奶牛场(根据临床型子宫内膜炎的诊断标准)选择子宫内膜炎患牛111头,用兰州隐性乳房炎检测法检测(LMT)乳样,其中82.5%的病牛同时患有隐性乳房炎,然后进行了子宫样和乳样的采集,并用常规细菌分离、培养结合高智能全自动细菌鉴定及药敏分析系统(VITEK 2 Campact),确定引起宁夏奶牛子宫内膜炎的病原菌有18种110株,引起乳房炎的病原菌有23种107株,其中大肠杆菌、停乳链球菌、克氏库克菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、假单胞杆菌、乳房链球菌、产色葡萄球菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、荧光假单胞杆菌、产酸克雷伯菌、副溶血弧菌、克雷伯氏菌可以同时引起奶牛子宫内膜炎和隐性乳房炎。  相似文献   

8.
为了解南宁地区的奶水牛乳房炎致病菌感染情况和耐药情况,本研究通过采用细菌分离的方法和PCR的方法对15份奶样进行了肺炎克雷伯氏菌、沙门氏菌、多杀巴氏杆菌、牛支原体、溶血曼氏杆菌、化脓性隐秘杆菌和大肠杆菌的病原检测,并对菌株进行药物敏感性试验。结果显示,从15份样品中分离/扩增出15株肺炎克雷伯氏菌和1株大肠杆菌。药敏试验结果显示肺炎克雷伯氏菌对红霉素、链霉素、卡那霉素、庆大霉素、阿米卡星等5种药物低敏,对其余19种药物耐药。大肠杆菌对环丙沙星、左氟沙星等8种药物高敏,对大观霉素、诺氟沙星等7种药物中敏,对青霉素G等7种药物低敏,对万古霉素和四环素2种药物耐药。结果表明,采用细菌分离方法和PCR扩增法鉴定奶水牛乳房炎主要致病菌,两者的符合率为100%,这7种水牛乳房炎主要病原菌的PCR扩增法可作为快速诊断奶水牛乳房炎的手段。该场发生乳房炎的主要致病性病原是肺炎克雷伯氏菌,同时,分离株存在严重的耐药性,需规范、合理用药,减少抗生素的使用,并结合奶牛场实际情况采取预防及用药措施,有效遏制多重耐药性的产生,为奶水牛乳房炎的防治提供参考依据。  相似文献   

9.
肺炎克雷伯氏菌是否黏附和侵袭乳腺上皮细胞可能是其导致乳房炎的致病机理之一。本试验从荷斯坦奶牛乳腺中分离纯化乳腺上皮细胞,并通过免疫组化和透射电镜观察,证实纯化细胞为乳腺上皮细胞。采用从临床乳房炎病例分离的肺炎克雷伯氏菌攻击原代培养的乳腺上皮细胞,以沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌DH5a为阳性和阴性对照。结果发现,肺炎克雷伯氏菌能够黏附乳腺上皮细胞,且具有时间和剂量依赖性,达到饱和黏附后,不再增加。肺炎克雷伯氏菌能够侵入乳腺上皮细胞,且其活力未受到明显影响,但侵入细菌的数量没有明显的增加,说明一定数量的细菌能够侵入乳腺上皮细胞。肺炎克雷伯氏菌黏附和侵入乳腺上皮细胞并在细胞内保持活力,可能是临床肺炎克雷伯氏菌导致的乳房炎难于治愈的原因之一。  相似文献   

10.
为了解上海市生乳中肺炎克雷伯氏菌污染水平,分析本市乳制品中肺炎克雷伯氏菌污染风险来源及耐药情况,本研究对上海市乳品加工厂的生乳样本和养殖场环境样本进行了肺炎克雷伯氏菌计数和细菌分离鉴定,并对分离菌株开展毒力基因检测和耐药性分析。结果显示,上海市健康奶牛中肺炎克雷伯氏菌分离率为11.25%,远低于患乳房炎奶牛样品检出率;环境溯源样品中肺炎克雷伯氏菌检出率为21.3%,多在垫料及土壤中检出;对80家奶牛场未患乳房炎奶牛样品和47批次环境溯源样品细菌分离结果均表明,夏季肺炎克雷伯氏菌检出率显著高于冬季;本市分离的肺炎克雷伯氏菌,对β-内酰胺类和氨基糖苷类药物存在普遍耐药,且多重耐药性十分严重,耐药菌株占比达98.5%;分离菌株中毒力基因mrkD、fimH、wabG的检出率分别为88.89%、66.67%、33.33%,rmp A未检出。以上结果表明,夏季为肺炎克雷伯氏菌高发季节,且主要的外部污染风险为垫料和土壤,毒力基因检测表明,菌株不具备高致病性,多为呼吸道和消化道常在菌。通过本研究,提示居民不宜直接饮用生乳,养殖场应加强养殖环境、挤奶及生产运输环节的卫生管理,不滥用抗生素。  相似文献   

11.
To determine the distribution of genes that encode enterotoxins A, B and C, 36 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from goat mastitis and 64 isolated from bovine mastitis were analyzed by Multiplex PCR. Of the total strains studied, 37 (37%) were detected to have some of the SEs genes. From the bovine mastitis strains, 4 (6.3%) co-amplified the sea and seb genes and 2 (3.1%) were positive for the sec gene. From the goat mastitis strains, 31 (86%) tested positive to the Multiplex, and the sec gene was detected in all of them. The production of SE was detected in all strains harboring the corresponding gene. The results demonstrated that S. aureus isolated from goat mastitis had a higher enterotoxigenic potential than those isolated from bovine mastitis. Additionally, the presence of the sec gene in the majority of goat mastitis strains suggests a possible involvement of SEC in goat mastitis pathogenesis.  相似文献   

12.
利用16S rRNA保守序列对引起贵州地区奶牛乳房炎的金黄色葡萄球菌进行分离鉴定,建立随机多态性扩增体系对金黄色葡萄球菌分离株进行基因分型研究。结果表明,69份奶样中共分离出金黄色葡萄球菌37株,DNA随机多态性扩增(random amplified polymorphic DNA,RAPD)结果显示这37株金黄色葡萄球菌扩增产物在1~7条带之间,产物大小为400~4500 bp。菌株可分为7个基因型,其中Ⅰ型7株(18.9%)、Ⅱ型2株(5.4%)、Ⅲ型2株(5.4%)、Ⅳ型1株(2.7%)、Ⅴ型19株(51.4%)、Ⅵ型1株(2.7%)、Ⅶ型5株(13.5%),Ⅴ型为该地区的流行优势菌群。地理和气候环境对病原菌流行传播的影响是病原菌基因型分布差异的重要原因。  相似文献   

13.
为了摸清上海和河北地区奶牛乳房炎的主要致病菌克雷伯菌的分离率及其耐药情况,对采集自上海和河北两地的乳房炎患病奶牛乳样进行克雷伯菌的分离培养和形态学、分子生物学鉴定,并选择临床常用的抗生素对分离得到的克雷伯菌进行药敏试验。经革兰染色、镜检以及分子生物学鉴定发现,采集自上海地区的100份乳房炎患病奶牛乳样中有18份乳样存在克雷伯菌,分离率为18%;采集自河北地区的100份乳房炎患病奶牛乳样中有14份乳样存在克雷伯菌,分离率为14%;且上海和河北地区2017年下半年乳房炎患病奶牛乳样中克雷伯菌分离率均高于上半年。药敏试验结果表明,该试验分离得到的克雷伯菌对所测试的抗生素存在不同程度的耐药性,其中,单一耐药菌株占21.88%,多重耐药菌株占53.13%,全部敏感的菌株占12.50%。由该试验结果可以得出,上海、河北地区奶牛发生的乳房炎是与克雷伯菌感染有关;且分离得到的克雷伯菌对临床常用的抗生素存在不同程度的耐药性。在动物生产和兽医临床上应及时监控克雷伯菌的流行趋势和耐药性变迁,并合理使用抗生素以减少耐药菌株的产生。  相似文献   

14.
通过开展凉山地区奶牛乳房炎主要病原菌的分离鉴定和药敏情况试验,为指导凉山地区奶牛场临床合理使用抗生素以及提高抗生素的防治效果提供理论指导。通过采样、增菌培养、细菌鉴定、药敏试验、数据统计分析等方法,结果发现193 份患有乳房炎的乳样中有134 份分离出12 种病原菌,其中65 份检出两种及以上菌,占检出数的48.50%﹔共分离出234 株不重复菌株。分离率居前五位为:葡萄球菌63 株(26.9%)、大肠杆菌56 株(23.8%)、肺炎克雷伯菌42 株(17.9%)、肠球菌24 株(10.3%)、链球菌13 株(5.6%)。对本试验分离到的大肠杆菌、葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌等12 种菌中的10 种细菌药敏试验结果显示,不论是革兰氏阳性菌还是革兰氏阴性菌对试验选取的17 种常见抗生素均表现不同程度的耐药,有部分菌株还表现严重的多重耐药,有些菌株对部分药物耐药率达100.00%。  相似文献   

15.
The objective of the present study was to investigate the biofilm formation, antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes, and agr genotypes of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) isolated from bovine mastitis cases, and to analyze the correlations between agr genotypes and virulence genes. Biofilm formation, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence genes for 336 strains of S. aureus were detected by microtiter plate method, disk diffusion method, and PCR respectively, and the agr typing of tested strains was determined by multiplex PCR. The results showed that all 336 strains of S. aureus from bovine mastitis were biofilm producers, among which 52.1% and 47.9% of isolates tested were moderate (++) and strong (+++) biofilm producers, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing demonstrated that S. aureus strains were highly resistant to penicillin, with a resistance rate of 91.7%, followed by erythromycin (89.6%), kanamycin (72.9%), clindamycin (66.7%) and gentamicin (60.4%). However, all isolates were sensitive to nitrofurantoin and linezolid. PCR results showed that the prevalence of fnbA gene was the highest (99.7%), followed by icaD (98.2%), icaA (89.6%), clfA (86.0%), cna (56.0%), and bap (14.6%) genes. Moreover, the sea, seb, sec and tst genes were found in 26.5%, 8.3%, 6.8% and 8.3% of the isolates, respectively. The agr typing results showed that S. aureus strains belonging to agr Ⅰ was predominant in our study, accounting for 77.1% of the isolates, and the frequencies of agr Ⅱ, agr Ⅲ and agr Ⅳ genotypes were 14.0%, 4.8% and 2.1%, respectively. Statistical analysis indicated that the strains of S. aureus belonging to agr Ⅰ genotype have the potential to carry more virulence genes, while no toxin genes could be found in any of the strains belonging to agr Ⅳ. The results revealed high antimicrobial resistance to common antimicrobial agents in S. aureus isolated from bovine mastitis milk samples. Moreover, agr Ⅰ was the predominant genotype with diverse toxin genes in S. aureus from bovine mastitis, and the potential hazard should be of concern.  相似文献   

16.
旨在对牛源金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureusS.aureus)的生物被膜、耐药性、毒素基因和agr基因型进行研究,并分析agr基因型与毒素基因之间的相关性。分别用微量滴定板法、药敏纸片法和PCR对S.aureus的生物被膜、耐药性和毒素基因进行检测,用多重PCR对S.aureus进行agr分型。结果表明,336株牛源S.aureus均能形成生物被膜,其中,形成中等(++)和强(+++)生物被膜的S.aureus分别占52.1%和47.9%。药敏试验结果显示,S.aureus对青霉素耐药最为严重,耐药率达91.7%,其次是红霉素、卡那霉素、克林霉素和庆大霉素,耐药率分别为89.6%、72.9%、66.7%和60.4%,而所有S.aureus对呋喃妥因和利奈唑胺均表现为敏感。PCR检测结果显示,黏附素基因fnbA检出率最高,达99.7%,其次是icaDicaAclfAcna,检出率分别为98.2%、89.6%、86.0%和56.0%,bap基因检出率最低,为14.6%。肠毒素基因sea的检出率为26.5%,其次是seb(8.3%)和sec(6.8%),毒素基因tst的检出率占8.3%。分型结果显示,agr Ⅰ型S.aureus是主要的流行菌株,占77.1%,agr Ⅱ、agr Ⅲ和agr Ⅳ型S.aureus流行率分别为14.0%、4.8%和2.1%。统计分析结果表明,agr Ⅰ型S.aureus更具有携带多种毒素基因的潜力,而agr Ⅳ型S.aureus无毒素基因携带潜力。综上表明,牛乳腺炎性S.aureus对常见的抗菌药物耐药严重,毒素基因分布多样,agr Ⅰ型是奶牛乳腺炎性S.aureus主要的基因型,且具有携带多种毒素基因的能力,其潜在威胁应引起重视。  相似文献   

17.
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main etiological agents of mastitis in ruminants. In the present retrospective study, we evaluated the potential interest of a previously described automated multiple loci Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (VNTR) Assay (MLVA) comprising 16 loci as a first line tool to investigate the population structure of S. aureus from mastitis. We determined the genetic diversity of S. aureus strains from cases of clinical and subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle (n = 118, of which 16 were methicillin-resistant), sheep (n = 18) and goats (n = 16). The 152 strains could be subdivided into 115 MLVA genotypes (including 14 genotypes for the ovine strains and 15 genotypes for the caprine strains). This corresponds to a discriminatory index (D) value of 0.9936. Comparison with published MLVA data obtained using the same protocol applied to strains from diverse human and animal origins revealed a low number (8.5%) of human-related MLVA genotypes among the present collection. Eighteen percent of the S. aureus mastitis collection belonged to clonal complexes apparently not associated with other pathological conditions. Some of them displayed a relatively low level of diversity in agreement with a restricted ecological niche. These findings provide arguments suggesting that specific S. aureus lineages particularly adapted to ruminant mammary glands have emerged and that MLVA is a convenient tool to provide a broad overview of the population, owing to the availability via internet of databases compiling published MLVA genotypes.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13567-014-0097-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.  相似文献   

18.
Based on our clinical experience on bovine mastitis, we hypothesized that subtypes of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) exist which differ in their contagious and pathogenic properties. In order to investigate this hypothesis, we analyzed strains of S. aureus isolated from spontaneous intramammary infection (IMI) with their virulence gene patterns and genotypes obtained by PCR amplification of the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer (RS-PCR). The genotypes were then associated with epidemiological and clinical data including 26 herds. The results demonstrated a high association between genotypes and virulence gene patterns as well as between epidemiological and pathogenic properties of S. aureus. In particular, genotype B was related to high contagiosity and increased pathogenicity whereas the other types (C, OG) were found with infection of single cows. Because of the high clinical relevance, our results indicate the need to subtype the IMI-associated strains of S. aureus in the future.  相似文献   

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