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以120 IU、144IU、168IU三种剂量FSH（促卵泡素）,在供体羊发情的第2d开始超排,126只供体的超排结果如下：共回收卵1112枚,平均8．83枚,其中胚胎可用胚胎986枚,平均7．83枚。剂量为144IU组和168IU组的超排效果都很好,但与20IU组比无显著差异（P〉0．05）。供体羊的年龄对超排效果影响较大,2～5岁经产羊的超排效果显著高于育成羊和老龄羊（P〈0．01）。将986枚胚胎移植给972只受体,有682只妊娠,妊娠率为70．16％。共产羔羊661只,产羔率为68％。受体羊与供体羊同期化程度、胚龄等因素对妊娠率有一定影响,但无显著差异（P〉0．05）。用CIDR（阴道孕酮释放装置）诱导供体母羊同期发情,与自然发情比较,不影响供体超排效果。用PG（氯前列烯醇）诱导受体母羊发情,与自然发情比较,不影响受体羊的妊娠率。供体羊在繁殖季节可以重复超排利用。 相似文献
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本试验初步研究了超排处理开始时卵巢上卵泡的存在对超排效果的影响。据直肠检查结果将超排供体奶牛分为两组：Ａ组卵巢上只有黄体存在，Ｂ组卵巢上不仅有黄体存在而且有卵泡存在。经超排处理后，Ａ组供体中２头无发情表现；Ｂ组有６头无发情表现；Ｂ组供体的不发情率２７．３％（６／２２）显著高于Ａ组６．３％（２／３２）（Ｐ〈０．０５）。两组供体在平均获卵数和平均获得用胚数二指标上差异不显著（Ｐ〉０．０５）。 相似文献
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本研究比较了不同年度、季节、超排方法、促卵泡素（FSH）的剂量、超排处理开始时发情周期天数及供体牛年龄对荷斯坦牛超排效果的影响。结果表明，秋季、冬季与夏、春季比较在采卵数和可用胚数方面差异极显著（P〈0．01）。改进方法与常规方法比较采卵数差异极显著（P〈0．01），可用胚数差异显著（P〈0．05），8．0mL、9．4mL、10．0mLFSH剂量之间各项指标均差异显著（P〈0．05）。而超排处理的年度、超排处理开始时发情周期天数及供体牛年龄对荷斯坦牛超排效果影响不显著（P〉0．05）。 相似文献
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为探讨促孕散治疗卵巢静止的作用机理,本研究主要通过直肠检查结合B超对卵巢静止奶牛做出诊断后,对其口服促孕散进行治疗,应用B超对卵巢卵泡直径、卵巢长度、卵巢宽度、子宫角纵径和子宫颈纵径进行测量,并与用药前进行对比。Ⅻ头卵巢静止奶牛口服促孕散后,治疗有效率达86．7％。停药后第1天卵巢出现中等卵泡和大卵泡,停药后第16天大卵泡数量最多,部分奶牛出现发情并排卵,与用药前卵巢比较发现,左右两侧卵巢长度在停药后第1、4、10、19天显著增大（P〈0．05）;左卵巢宽度在停药后第19天显著增大（P〈0．05）;右卵巢宽度在停药后第1、10、19天显著增大（P〈0．（15）7．子宫颈纵径在停药后第13、16天极显著增大（P〈o．01）,第19天显著增大（P〈0．05）,子宫角纵径与用药前比较差异不显著（P〉0．05）。结果表明,B超是诊断奶牛卵巢静止的有效手段,中药促孕散对卵巢静止奶牛卵巢和子宫形态学变化具有一定的作用,对治疗奶牛卵巢静止有明显的效果。 相似文献
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运用组织学技术对36头处于发情周期的健康成年母牦牛卵巢卵泡的结构与发育状况进行了观察。结果表明，牦牛发情周期中卵巢卵泡发育的组织结构与其他牛基本相似。每对卵巢中原始卵泡数和生长卵泡数在发情前期、发情期、发情后期和发情间期之间差异不显著（P〉0．05）；发情前期的囊状卵泡数与发情期、发情后期和发情间期之间差异不显著（P〉0．05），发情期和发情后期均与发情间期差异显著（P〈0．05）。闭锁生长卵泡数在4个时期之间差异不显著（P〉0．05）；发情期的闭锁囊状卵泡数与其他3期之间差异极显著（P〈0．01），发情前期和发情间期均与发情后期差异显著（P〈0．05）。各级卵泡的闭锁形式各有特点。在生长卵泡、囊状卵泡及相应闭锁卵泡的卵泡膜中均见到了胶原纤维和网状纤维。 相似文献
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采用捷克、澳大利及国产促卵泡素（FSH）进行牛的超数排卯试验，对牛的处理采用FSH＋PG和FSH＋CIDR两种方式。结果三种FSH来源获可用胚数分别为5．43、5．33和4．80，差异不显著（P〉0．05）；而2次PG处理与CIDR处理供体牛所获得的回收胚胎数和可用胚数差异也不显著（P〉0．05）；冲胚操作时采用不需硬膜外腔麻醉的注射式冲胚与传统需麻醉的滴注式冲胚比较，回收率分别为102％和98％，差异不显著；经产牛和育成牛超排效果比较，可用胚数分别为5．27和5．17，无明显差异（P〉0．05）。 相似文献
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为了观察促排卵素3号（LRH-A3）对母猪繁殖性能的作用和效果，发情母猪配种前4—6h，用LRH-A3进行处理，并与不使用激素的发情母猪进行比较。结果地方品种母猪的受胎率、平均产仔数、仔猪成活率分别为93．3％、14．6头和89．5％。与对照组相比，母猪受胎率无显著差异（P〉0．05），平均产仔数显著高于对照组（P〈0．01），仔猪成活率比对照组低4．6％，差异显著（P〈0．01）。经产瘦肉型母猪的配种受胎率、平均产仔数、仔猪成活率分别为86．7％，12．3头和93．8％，与对照组相比，配种受胎率、仔猪成活率无显著性差异（P〉0．05），母猪平均产仔数显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）。青年瘦肉型母猪的配种受胎率、平均产仔数、仔猪成活率分别为83．3％、10．6头和94．5％，与对照组相比，母猪的配种受胎率、平均产仔数均显著高于对照组（P〈0．01），仔猪成活率与对照组无显著差异（P〉0．05）。试验结果表明，发情母猪配种前肌注LRH-A3后，青年瘦肉型母猪繁殖效果最理想，经产瘦肉型母猪次之，地方品种母猪不理想。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献