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1.
日粮中添加植物油对延边黄牛牛肉中共轭亚油酸含量的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本研究通过在延边黄牛育肥牛日粮中添加不同水平的混合植物油,探讨植物油对延边黄牛牛肉中共轭亚油酸(CLA)含量的影响.试验采用单因子随机区组设计,选择体重相近的健康延边黄牛(公牛)16头,按体重随机分为4组,每组4头.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加4%、5%、6%(以精料为基础)的混合植物油,试验期为88 d.混合植物油以豆油、红花油和葵花油.按55%、25%和20%的比例混合而成.试验结果表明:日粮添加4%、5%和6%植物油与对照组相比,牛肉中的共轭亚油酸(c9,t11)含量显著提高(P<0.05),4%、5%、6%植物油组分别比对照组提高了275%、287.5%、325%,并随植物油水平提高呈上升趋势;各试验组共轭亚油酸(t10,c12)含量均高于对照组,但差异不显著(P0.05);牛肉中亚油酸(C18∶2)和亚麻酸(C18∶3)含量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),4%、5%、6%植物油组亚油酸含量分别比对照组提高了52.38%、41.74%、46.50%,亚麻酸含量分别比对照组提高了105.88%、47.06%、52.94%;油酸(C18∶1)含量.各试验组均高于对照组,但差异不显著(P0.05),随植物油添加水平的提高呈上升趋势;不饱和脂肪酸含量,各试验组均高于对照组,随植物油添加水平的提高呈上升趋势,其中6%植物油组与对照组差异显著(P<0.05);饱和脂肪酸含量各试验组均高于对照组但差异不显著(P0.05). 相似文献
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本试验研究了奶牛日粮中添加葛根粉对奶牛生产性能的影响。选用产奶量、体重相近的健康中国荷斯坦奶牛60头,随机分成3组,每组20头。3组日粮分别是：对照组日粮为基础日粮、试验Ⅰ组目粮为基础日粮＋葛根粉200g/（头·d）,试验Ⅱ组日粮为基础日粮＋葛根粉300g/（头·d）。结果表明,日粮添加葛根粉200g／（头·d）试验组产奶量和乳成分与对照组无显著差异（P〉0．05）;日粮添加葛根粉300g/（头·d）试验组产奶量、4％标准乳产奶量比对照组显著增加（P〈0．05）,乳脂产量、乳蛋白产量比对照组有提高的趋势,但差异不显著（P〉0．05）。 相似文献
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试验主要研究添加不同发酵菌剂的完全混合发酵日粮（total mixed fermentation,TMF）对延边黄牛瘤胃微生物体外发酵特性的影响。试验分为CON组（对照组）、T1组（添加NFK）、T2组（添加RJ）和T3组（添加CT-10）,每组3个重复。各试验组以TMR为发酵底物,分别接种对应发酵菌种,装入发酵袋内,在室温条件下密封发酵一周后开袋,尼龙袋法测定瘤胃干物质消失率,产气量法检测瘤胃发酵特性。结果显示,随着发酵时间的延长,不同的发酵菌剂可在不同程度上影响瘤胃干物质消失率、pH、产气量、气体成分、挥发性脂肪酸和微生物蛋白含量。在8 h时,T1和T3组瘤胃干物质消失率显著高于对照组（P < 0.05）,而其他时间段差异不显著（P > 0.05）;随着培养时间的延长,各组培养液pH逐渐下降,体外培养1 h,T2组pH显著低于对照组（P < 0.05）;各组挥发性脂肪酸（VFAs）含量随着培养时间的增加呈现上升趋势;体外培养12 h时,T3组氨态氮（NH3-N）含量最高,为5.79 mg/dL,而T2组最低,与对照组差异不显著（P > 0.05）;微生物菌体蛋白（MCP）呈先升高再降低再升高趋势,培养1、3、12 h时,试验组MCP含量均显著低于对照组（P < 0.05）,而培养6和9 h,各组间无显著性差异（P > 0.05）;在培养1 h时,不同的发酵菌剂对产气量没有显著影响（P > 0.05）;在培养9和12 h时,对照组产气量最高,且显著高于试验组（P < 0.05）;各组H2产量变化趋势一致,都是呈现上下波动状态;CH4和CO2含量随着培养时间的延长而呈现上升的趋势,且不同发酵菌剂对其影响显著（P < 0.05）。综上所述,T3组（添加CT-10）延边黄牛瘤胃干物质降解效果较好,CT-10菌发酵效果与T2组（添加RJ）发酵效果相当,且可有效改善延边黄牛的瘤胃发酵特性,因此CT-10菌可应用于延边黄牛TMF的调制中。 相似文献
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试验选用4头平均体重500±20kg,年龄4岁,装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的西门塔尔牛阉牛,采用4×4拉丁方试验设计,以混合精料和风干玉米秸秆为基础日粮,研究1.3倍维持水平下,日粮添加烟酸铬（0mg/d、40mg/d、80mg/d、120mg/d）对精料瘤胃降解率的影响。结果表明：日粮添加烟酸铬组DM有效降解率与对照组差异不显著（P〉0.05）,添加80mg/d烟酸铬组精料OM有效降解率、CP瘤胃有效降解率较对照组显著提高（P〈0.05）。本试验结果表明：日粮添加烟酸铬的适宜添加水平为80mg/d。 相似文献
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[目的]为了筛选饲用豌豆在肉牛饲养中的最适添加量。[方法]试验以4头安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的杂交公牛为研究对象,采用4×4拉丁方设计,试验日粮共分4组,分别为对照组：基础日粮;试验组一：精料中添加15%豌豆;试验组二：精料中添加25%豌豆;试验组三：精料中添加35%豌豆。[结果]表明试验组二和试验组三的干物质表观消化率显著高于其他两组（P〈0.05）,试验组二和试验组三的酸性洗涤纤维消化率（P〈0.05）显著高于对照组;第24 h的干物质消失率对照组显著高于其他组（P〈0.05）,试验组二在48 h和72 h的粗蛋白消失率显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）;对照组和试验组三日粮中干物质的b值和有效降解率显著低于其他组（P〈0.05）,对照组和试验组三日粮中粗蛋白的b值显著低于试验组一（P〈0.05）,对照组的c值显著高于其他各组（P〈0.05）,NDF和ADF的降解参数和有效降解率各组之间差异不显著。[结论]豌豆在中混合精料中的最适添加量为25%。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究基础日粮中添加胡麻油和苹果酸对延边黄牛瘤胃脂肪酸代谢及日粮养分降解率的影响。选用4头平均体重为（350±15）kg、安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的延边黄牛,釆用4×4拉丁方设计,设1个对照组、3个试验组：对照组（CON组）饲喂基础日粮,LO组饲喂基础日粮+475 g/d胡麻油;LOM组饲喂基础日粮+475 g/d胡麻油+160 g/d苹果酸;LOMS组饲喂基础日粮+475 g/d胡麻油+160 g/d苹果酸+47.5 g/d小苏打（NaHCO3）。在正试期第3、4天采集瘤胃液测定其脂肪酸含量,在正试期第5、6天采用尼龙袋法测定饲料在瘤胃内的降解率。结果显示：除了饲喂后6 h瘤胃t11-C18：1含量外,3个试验组在各个时间点的瘤胃各脂肪酸含量均显著高于CON组（P<0.05）,且3个试验组间无显著差异（P>0.05）;与CON组相比,LO组瘤胃DM、OM、CP及NDF的降解率均有所降低,但LOM和LOMS组瘤胃DM、OM、CP及NDF的降解率均有一定程度提高。综合以上结果,日粮中单独或同时添加胡麻油、苹果酸均有利于提高延边黄牛瘤胃液中的脂肪酸含量;日粮中单独添加胡麻油会降低日粮养分在瘤胃中的降解率,而同时添加胡麻油和苹果酸在一定程度上可提高日粮养分在瘤胃中的降解率。 相似文献
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本试验研究不同精粗比和酵母菌（酿酒酵母）的添加对乳用小母牛粪便中NH3排放量的影响，分别开展了2个生长试验和1个消化试验。玉米青贮为唯一的粗饲料源，通过代谢室或实验室测定NH3的排放量。试验1中，选用24头荷斯坦小母牛（体重159kg±3．3kg），分别饲喂低精料日粮（77％玉米青贮，23％精料）和高精料日粮（33％玉米青贮，67％精料），试验设计为随机试验设计。结果表明，精粗比对母牛粪便（粪和尿）中NH。排放量无显著影响（314．0VS（174．4±36．1）pg／（cm2·min））。试验2中，选用24头小母牛（体重227．9kg±27．1kg），结果发现，高精料组释放NH3的量比低精料组有轻微的降低，但差异不显著，这与前一个试验结果相似。试验3中，选用9头9月龄的小母牛（体重234kg±15kg）和4头14月龄的小母牛（体重409kg±20kg），平均分配到2×2因子的试验设计中，分别饲喂添加或不添加酵母菌的高低精料组日粮。结果显示，高精料组母牛单位粪便的NH3排放量较高，精粗比对母牛每天NH3的总排放量无显著影响，酵母菌对NH3排放量也无显著影响。结果显示，精粗比对NH3的排放量没有影响。 相似文献
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能量水平和来源对后备母猪血液代谢产物、激素分泌及卵泡液成分的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
选取54头体质量（59±4.2）kg的长白×大白杂交母猪，采用3×2因子设计，研究日粮能量水平和来源对血液代谢产物、激素分泌及卵泡液成分的影响。3个能量水平分别为NRC推荐能量需要的87.5%、100%和112.5%；各能量水平下分别添加淀粉和油脂。第2个发情期开始后的第18和19天分别收集血样和卵泡液。结果表明，能量水平对血液中葡萄糖、甘油三酯等代谢产物的影响差异不显著（P〉0.05），能量来源对血液中葡萄糖浓度无显著影响（P〉0.05），但日粮中添加脂肪极显著提高了血液中甘油三酯、总胆固醇浓度（P〈0.01）。高能组血液中食后胰岛素浓度曲线下面积（Ins AUC）、胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ（IGF-Ⅰ）、瘦素（Leptin）浓度显著高于低能组（P〈0.05），淀粉和脂肪组间差异不显著（P〉0.05）。提高能量水平显著增加促黄体素（LH）的脉冲分泌（P〈0.05），日粮中添加脂肪显著提高血液中雌二醇（E2）浓度（P〈0.05）。随能量水平提高，显著增加大卵泡数和卵泡液中IGF-Ⅰ、E2浓度（P〈0.05），能量来源对大卵泡数和卵泡液成分影响不显著（P〉0.05）。由结果分析可知，日粮提高能量水平促进血液中代谢激素IGF-Ⅰ、LH的分泌并增加大卵泡数及卵泡液中IGF-Ⅰ和E2浓度，日粮中添加脂肪提高血液中甘油三酯、总胆固醇浓度并促进雌激素的分泌。 相似文献
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试验4饲料级缩二脲对杂种肉牛日粮营养物质消化和氮利用率影响的研究。以3头15月龄,体质量（375±5）kg的西门塔尔×中国黄牛F1代生长公牛为试验动物,采用3×3拉丁方设计,以玉米、豆粕、麸皮和稻草为基础日粮,通过消化试验和氮平衡试验,研究分别以尿素和饲料级缩二脲替代基础日粮中30%粗蛋白对日粮养分消化率和氮利用率的影响。试验结果表明,豆粕日粮、尿素日粮和饲料级缩二脲日粮在干物质、有机物和粗蛋白表观消化率方面无显著差异（P〉0.05）,但均表现出豆粕日粮高于饲料级缩二脲日粮、饲料级缩二脲日粮高于尿素日粮的趋势;饲料级缩二脲日粮的尿氮排出量显著高于豆粕日粮,沉积氮、消化氮沉积率和进食氮沉积率显著低于豆粕日粮（P〈0.05或0.01）;饲料级缩二脲日粮的尿氮排出量显著低于尿素日粮,沉积氮、消化氮沉积率、进食氮沉积率显著高于尿素日粮（P〈0.05或0.01）。试验提示,以饲料级缩二脲替代杂交肉牛日粮中的部分蛋白质,尽管在营养物质消化和氮平衡方面的效果不如植物性蛋白饲料的常规日粮,但大大优于尿素日粮。 相似文献
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试验采用随机分组试验设计,选择健康的中国荷斯坦奶牛48头,按照胎次、产奶量、泌乳日期一致原则,均匀分成4组,试验各组基础日粮相同,就饲粮中添加过瘤胃赖氨酸对乳牛产乳量及乳成分的影响进行研究。4个处理组分别为：对照组（0添加组）不添加过瘤胃赖氨酸（RPLys）、试验Ⅰ组添加10g/（头·d）、试验Ⅱ组添加20g/（头·d）和试验Ⅲ组添加30g/（头·d）。试验结果显示：经过饲喂后,试验各组与对照组相比,产奶量显著提高;试验Ⅲ组和试验Ⅱ组都与对照组差异显著（P〈0.05）,其中试验Ⅲ组与对照组差异极显著（P〈0.01）;乳蛋白含量有所提高,其中试验Ⅲ组与对照组有显著差异（P〈0.05）;其他乳成分指标略有提高,但差异不显著（P〉0.05）。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
20.
Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献