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近期，在韩国、越南、日本、泰国、老挝、巴基斯坦、柬埔寨、印度尼西亚等东南亚国家及我国十几个省份相继爆发高致病性禽流感(High Pathogenic Avian Influenza，HPAI)，大批家禽被紧急销毁，我国政府为控制禽流感的流行也投入了大量的人力、物力和财力，禽流感的流行对我国国民经济发展影响巨大。禽流感在短时间内在我国从南到北的十几个省份发生和流行，暴露了我国在禽病防制工作中存在的问题。本文针对当前我国在禽病防制中存在的问题及对策进行探讨。 相似文献
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刘念海 《上海畜牧兽医通讯》2005,(1):46-47
2003年底至2004年初,韩国、越南、日本、泰国、老挝、巴基斯坦、柬埔寨、印度尼西亚等东南亚国家及我国十几个省份相继暴发了高致病性禽流感,大批家禽被紧急销毁。我国政府为控制禽流感的流行也投入了大量的人力、物力和财力,禽流感的流行对我国国民经济发展影响巨大。禽流感在短时间内在我国从南到北的十几个省份发生和流行,充分暴露了我国在动物疫病防制工作中存在的问题。 相似文献
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去年底今年初，韩国、越南、日本、泰国、老挝、巴基斯坦、柬埔寨、印度尼西亚等东南亚国家及我国十几个省份相继暴发了高致病性禽流感，大批家禽被紧急销毁。我国政府为控制禽流感的流行也投入了大量的人力、物力和财力，禽流感的流行对我国国民经济发展影响巨大。禽流感在短时间内在我国从南到北的十几个省份发生和流行， 相似文献
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我国禽病发生的特点和21世纪防制战略 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
1 当前禽病发生与流行的特点养禽业的迅速发展,特别是近些年来集约化养禽业的发展,带动和促进了我国禽病科学的进步,禽病防制和研究的成果明显增多,水平提高,不少研究成果已达到国际先进水平。但在生产实践中,我国禽病的问题仍十分突出,禽病防制的总体水平与先进国家相比... 相似文献
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禽流感(Avian Infuenza,AI)是由A型流感病毒引起的禽类烈性传染病,疾病的严重程度取决于病毒的毒株以及被感染的禽种、日龄、性别、有无并发症等因素.目前,在我国部分地区发现有中等毒力以下H9亚型禽流感的流行,并已对我国养禽业造成了一定的危害,其典型症状包括呼吸道症状、产蛋率、受精率及孵化率的下降,同时,发生禽流感的鸡群除了与鸡传染性法氏囊,传染性支气管炎、减蛋综合症等病毒的混合感染外,几乎无一例外地存在大肠杆菌的感染史[1],禽流感与大肠杆菌的混合感染给诊断和防制工作带来很大困难,并造成了更为严重的经济损失,本文将就禽流感和大肠杆菌的流行及特点、预防、治疗和其他综合防制措施等方面入手,简述禽流感与大肠菌混合感染的综合防制. 相似文献
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禽流行性感冒简称禽流感，在世界上不少国家流行。我国陈伯伦等（１９９４）从发病鸡群中采取病料，先后分离到六个毒株。通过血清学、人工发病等试验，鉴定为Ａ型禽流感病毒，属ＨＡ亚型Ｈ９。在国内首次证实广东省有禽流感流行，并首次从发病鸡群中分离到Ａ型禽流感病毒。从而敲响了禽流感的警钟。如不予以足够重视，不尽快制定防范措施，不抓紧采取适合国情的防制办法，就很有可能在不长的时间内播及全国，将使养禽业又受到一次比 相似文献
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随着我国养鸡业的快速发展, 禽病产生的危害也越来越凸显, 文章分别总结了新城疫、禽流感、鸡毒支原体病和鸡传染性法氏囊病的发病特点及防制措施, 对有效控制这四种禽病的发生有很好的借鉴作用。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献