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1.
选用120头15kg左右健康、公母各半的杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为4组,每组三个重复,每重复10头.其中第1组饲喂基础日粮,第2组基础日粮中添加0.2%的益生素,第3组基础日粮中添加0.2%复合酶制剂,第4组添加0.2%的益生素+酶制剂.结果表明添加益生素组、添加酶制剂组和益生素+酶制剂组与基础日粮组相比,日增重分别提高1.85%、3.00%和8.99%;料重比分别降低2.98%、3.83%和4.68%;腹泻率分别下降20.38%、8.81%和30.04%.粗蛋白质表观消化率分别提高5.01%、1.92%和2.90%;粗纤维消化率分别提高了27.88%、18.80%和1.96%.说明生物饲料添加剂可有效提高仔猪生产性能和饲料营养成分利用率,是一种较为安全、高效的饲料添加剂.  相似文献   

2.
中草药与益生素对断奶仔猪生长和免疫作用的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
试验选取54头25日龄三元杂交(杜×长×大)断奶仔猪,按性别、窝别和体重随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复6头猪。各组基础日粮一致。对照组饲喂基础日粮;试验1组在基础日粮中添加0.05%中草药添加剂;试验2组在基础日粮中添加0.05%中草药与益生素混合添加剂。试验结果表明:试验2组效果最好,较对照组日增重提高了21.7%(P<0.05),饲料转化率提高了16.4%,腹泻率降低了69.2%;试验猪的血清球蛋白比对照组显著提高,尤其是免疫球蛋白IgA比对照组提高100%(P<0.01),证明了中草药与益生素饲料添加剂对断奶仔猪的免疫作用;两个试验组经济效益较高。  相似文献   

3.
试验研究不同剂量的复合益生菌对“杜×长×大”三元断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻率、肠道微生物数量及营养物质表观消化率的影响。选择体重约7.0 kg的21日龄断奶仔猪150头,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头猪。试验断奶仔猪分别饲喂含有0(对照组)、0.1%、0.2%、0.4%、0.8%复合益生菌的基础日粮。试验期4周。结果显示,与对照组相比,0.2%、0.4%复合益生菌可有效提高断奶仔猪末重(P<0.05),降低料重比(P<0.05);添加复合益生菌可极显著降低仔猪的腹泻率(P<0.01)。与对照组相比,添加0.2%、0.4%、0.8%复合益生菌可显著提高断奶仔猪空肠中乳酸菌数量和盲肠中乳酸菌数量(P<0.05),添加复合益生菌可显著降低空肠和盲肠中大肠杆菌数量(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,添加复合益生菌可显著提高断奶仔猪对日粮中总能、干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪的表观消化率(P<0.05),添加0.4%复合益生菌可显著提高断奶仔猪的粗纤维消化率(P<0.05)。研究表明,日粮中添加复合益生菌可有效提高断奶仔猪的生长性能,降低腹泻率,增加有益菌数量,降低有害菌数量,提高仔猪对饲料养分的消化率,且复合益生菌的最适添加剂量为0.4%。  相似文献   

4.
日粮添加植酸酶对断奶仔猪生长和消化的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
选用体质量约15kg、健康且公母各半的72头杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每重复6头猪.其中,对照组饲喂基础日粮,1组在基础日粮中添加0.025%的植酸酶,2组在基础日粮中添加0.05%的植酸酶,3组在基础日粮中添加0.075%的植酸酶.结果表明:按0.025%、0.05%和0.075%植酸酶添加量添加的日粮与基础日粮组相比.日增质量分别提高1.11%(P<0.05)、3.7%(P<0.05)和6-48%(P<0.05);料重比分别降低3-35%(P>0.1315)、4.6%(P<0.05)和5.44%(P>0.1315);磷表观消化率分别提高12.5%(P<0.05)、17.5%(P<0.05)和20%(P<0.05).试验结果表明:饲料中添加植酸酶可有效提高仔猪的生产性能和饲料的营养成分利用率,尤其是磷的表观消化率得到显著提高,同时可降低粪中钙和磷的排放.植酸酶是一种安全、高效和环保的饲料添加剂.  相似文献   

5.
为研究日粮中添加发酵北苍术饲料添加剂对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响,本试验将80头28日龄断奶仔猪分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复4头仔猪。将发酵北苍术作为添加剂分别以0.1%、0.2%、0.3%3个不同浓度添加于基础日粮中,并以添加0.2%未发酵北苍术组及基础日粮组作对照,试验期28 d。结果表明:(1)与对照组相比,日粮中添加发酵北苍术能提高断奶仔猪日采食量(ADFI)和日增重(ADG),降低料重比(F/G)和腹泻率。(2)与未发酵北苍术相比,发酵北苍术能更好地提高断奶仔猪的生长性能。(3)仔猪日粮中发酵北苍术的最佳添加量为0.2%。  相似文献   

6.
试验旨在探讨复方中草药添加剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及免疫指标的影响.选取96头28日龄、体重相近、健康的"杜×长×大"三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复6头猪.试验1组(对照组)饲喂基础日粮,试验2组、3组、4组分别在基础日粮中添加0.2、0.4、0.6 g/kg复方中草药添加剂.预...  相似文献   

7.
酶制剂在高非淀粉多糖饲粮中对仔猪生长的效应   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
试验选取体重(15.30±1.54)kg的健康杜长大三元杂种仔猪120头,按体重相近的原则随机分为5个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复8头猪.对照组饲喂高非淀粉多糖基础饲粮,试验1组在基础饲粮中加0.1%酶制剂1,试验2组在基础饲粮中加0.005%酶制剂2,试验3组在基础饲粮中加0.018%酶制剂3,试验4组在基础饲粮中加0.025%酶制剂4,试验期26 d.结果表明,与对照组比较,饲粮中添加酶制剂提高了仔猪日增重,其中试验2、3和4组日增重显著提高(P＜0.05);试验组日采食量显著提高,试验1、2、3、4组日采食量分别提高20.00%(P＜0.05)、16.50%(P＜0.05)、15.31%(P＜0.05)和30.36%(P＜0.05);酶制剂有降低料重比的趋势,其中添加酶制剂2组料重比显著降低.结论:在高非淀粉多糖饲粮中添加酶制剂能显著提高仔猪的采食量、日增重和饲料转化效率.  相似文献   

8.
试验旨在研究葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)对断奶仔猪生长性能及肠道健康方面的影响,讨论其可能的作用机理。试验选用160头10 kg断奶仔猪,根据体重随机分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ共4个处理组,每个处理5个重复,每个重复8头猪。试验Ⅰ组不添加GOD,饲喂基础日粮;Ⅱ组在基础日粮中添加100 mg/kg金霉素;Ⅲ和Ⅳ组分别给予0.1%、0.2%的GOD。结果显示,与对照相比,日粮中添加0.2%的GOD日增重显著提高(P<0.05);饲料转化效率趋于提高(0.05相似文献   

9.
选择75头体况良好、体重相近的21日龄杜长大仔猪,并按随机原则分成5组,每组3个重复,每个重复5头,基础日粮为玉米、豆粕型,A组为对照组,B组在基础日粮中加抗生素和0.05%复合益生素,C组在基础日粮中加0.025%复合益生素,D组在基础日粮中加0.05%复合益生素,E组加抗生素(抗生素采用0.01%硫酸粘杆菌素和0.04%杆菌肽锌联合用药)。试验期为30d。结果表明,①复合益生素能显著提高断奶仔猪的生产性能,降低腹泻率,提高日粮消化率,提高断奶仔猪的免疫力,D组比A组平均日增重提高18.6%,腹泻率下降66.3%(P<0.05),D组粗蛋白消化率比A组提高13.15%(P<0.05)。复合益生素与抗生素单用或联用均能提高仔猪血清抗体水平,其中0.05%复合益生素添加量效果较理想。复合益生素与抗生素联用时,没有表现出明显的加性效应。②复合益生素可代替抗生素在断奶仔猪饲料中使用。  相似文献   

10.
将90头25日龄断奶三元杂交仔猪随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮,两个试验组分别添加0.1%和0.2%中药复方饲料添加剂,进行了28d的饲养试验。结果表明:与对照组相比,在基础日粮中适量添加中药复方有提高日增重和日采食量的趋势,并且添加了0.2%中药复方组的腹泻率显著降低(P0.05)。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

16.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

18.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

20.
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.  相似文献   

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