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1.
在优质肉用鸡配套系研究中,通过对地方良种仙居鸡肉用品系(XH)和优质黄羽肉鸡品种(JH)的5个配套组后代配合力测定,并经专家现场验收评定,推荐A、B两个优良组合。A组为XH×JH;B组为JH×XH。经饲养试验,A组28日龄、56日龄、84日龄的体重分别为238.28g、675.68g、1146.22g;B组为224.02g、701.70g、1121.89g。成活率分别为98.60%和95.96%。屠宰率分别为90.12%~90.73%和90.62%~90.98%。  相似文献   

2.
研究以法国克里莫公司的黑羽矮脚鸡GF33A系、GF33B系、隐性白羽鸡R1系、地方品种WB系为材料,采用金陵黑凤1[WB♂×(GF33A×R1)♀]、金陵黑凤2[WB♂×(GF33A×GF33A)♀]、金陵黑凤3[WB♂×(GF33B×R1)♀]三种不同的配套方案进行杂交组合试验,分别检测不同配套组合的父母代生产性能和繁殖性能,商品代的生产性能,并进行中试测定。结果表明:黑凤1父母代母本的42日龄体重和开产体重显著低于其他两种配套组合(P0.05),但受精率和孵化率均优于其他两种配套组合,300日龄平均蛋重显著高于黑凤2,低于黑凤3(P0.05);黑凤1商品代70日龄体重优于黑凤3,在生产成本上低于其他两种配套组合。即[WB♂×(GF33A×R1)]♀配套系在雏鸡成本、商品代生产成本、屠宰性能方面在所有组合中表现出较好的综合性能优势和经济效益,因此确定黑凤1配套组合为金陵黑凤鸡配套系杂交组合方式。黑凤1商品代的公鸡出栏重、母鸡胸肌率、母鸡腿肌率、公鸡腹脂肪率显著高于WB亲本(P0.05)。中试结果表明黑凤1配套系的父母代种鸡和商品代肉鸡主要经济性状遗传稳定,生产性能均匀一致;肉鸡外观特征鲜明,全黑羽、乌胫、乌冠特征明显,具有较好的经济效益和推广价值。  相似文献   

3.
为了筛选出能反映清远麻鸡体重主要信息的少数几个综合性指标,试验选择经过四个世代选育出来的2个清远麻鸡专门化快羽品系1号(K_1)、2号(K_2)和1个慢羽品系(M),平均分为3组,每组290只,1组为快羽1号公鸡×慢羽母鸡(K_1♂×M♀),2组为快羽2号公鸡×慢羽母鸡(K_2♂×M♀),3组为慢羽公鸡×慢羽母鸡(M♂×M♀),对不同配套组合的清远麻鸡体重与体尺性状的大量测定数据进行主成分分析。结果表明:3种配套组合K_1M、K_2M和MM母鸡在筛选出的4个主成分中,都是主成分1的贡献率最大,分别为34.442%、48.009%、48.061%,反映的综合信息量最大,称为整体体型因子;K_1M和K_2M组合主成分2都是胸深因子,而MM组合的主成分2却为冠高因子。3种不同配套组合清远麻鸡各主成分所反映出的信息侧重点有所不同。  相似文献   

4.
试验以S_1系(青胫快大黄麻羽)为父本,A系(青胫中速黄麻羽)、D系(青胫矮脚黄麻羽)、E系(青胫羽色偏红)、G系(固始鸡,青胫,慢速型)为母本,配套组成S_1♂×A♀(S_1A)、S_1♂×D♀(S_1D)、S_1♂×E♀(S_1E)、S_1♂×G♀(S_1G)四个配套组合,筛选最佳母本配套品系。每个配套组合随机选取公、母鸡各100只,在相同环境下饲养至14周龄屠宰,测定各配套组合体型外貌、生产性能、胴体性状及肉品质等。结果表明:四个配套组合的公、母鸡基本符合青胫黄羽肉鸡外貌特征的要求。S_1D体重较大,料重比最小,综合评价最优,生产性能较好;S_1D、S_1E的屠宰性能较好;S_1D、S_1G的肉品质较优。综合可知,以S_1系为父本D系为最佳配套母本,该配套组合在一定程度上能够满足消费者对外貌和生长性能的要求,适宜于目标市场。  相似文献   

5.
试验对清远麻鸡2个专门化快羽品系与1个慢羽品系进行配合力测定,选取快慢羽不同配套组合的后代母鸡分为四组,测定其115日龄的生长发育及肉用性能指标。结果显示:四个组合冠高都明显超过2.30 cm,胫长小于7.00 cm,胫围小于3.70 cm,屠宰率大于88%,全净膛率大于67%,符合品种特点。其中:1组快羽1号公鸡×慢羽母鸡(K1♂M♀)配套组合,均重为1 574.67 g,冠高2.86 cm,胫围3.58 cm,胫长6.70 cm,屠宰率为90.07%,全净膛率为69.27%,适合市场需求,且可自别雌雄。综合各项指标分析得出,1组快羽1号公鸡×慢羽母鸡(K1♂M♀)配套组合杂交配合效果最优。  相似文献   

6.
高产蛋鸡三元杂交组合体重分析及性能比较   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
研究利用峪口禽业4个纯系品系(A、B、C、D)组建三个不同的三系配套杂交组合(组合1:A♂×(B♂×C♀),组合2:A♂×(B♂×D♀),组合3:A♂×(C♂×D♀)),通过研究相同父系、不同母系三元杂交组合效果,检测体重、产蛋性能、蛋品质的差异,以筛选体重最大、生产性能优秀的配套组合来满足市场需求。结果表明:组合2即A♂×(B♂×D♀)的生产性能兼具体重大、产蛋性能优良、蛋品质好,更贴近市场需求。  相似文献   

7.
以固始鸡G系公鸡×AH系母鸡、固始鸡G系公鸡×DH系母鸡和固始鸡G系公鸡×MH系母鸡为研究对象,通过配合力测定比较其生长性能、屠宰性能及肉品质等的优劣筛选出最佳母本配套品系。结果表明:GAH组合生长速度最快,GAH组合16周龄公鸡比GDH组和GMH组重170～182 g,母鸡比另外两组重119～120 g,且料重比最低。16周龄除胫长和胸深外GAH组公鸡的其他体尺指标均显著(P0.05)大于GDH和GMH两组。三个配套组合试验鸡16周龄屠体率大于85%、全净膛率大于65%,产肉性能良好。三个组合中,GAH组半净膛率和腿肌率大于其他两组且腿肌干物质和肌内脂肪含量相对较高,GDH组胸肌干物质和肌内脂肪含量相对较高,但GDH组剪切力最大。总体而言,GAH组生长发育和体尺指标在整个饲养期间显著高于另外两个组合,且其屠宰性能优,综合评价GAH组的生长最快,肉用价值最高。  相似文献   

8.
以中速型麻黄鸡63日龄上市体重为培育目标,通过对6个配套组合(SM2、M02、XM2、SM3、M03、XM3)的麻黄鸡进行生长性能、屠宰性能配合力测定及相关指标差异分析,筛选出生长性能好、体型外貌符合市场需求的配套组合。结果:父本B3系、B2系对商品代肉鸡63日龄体重的影响差异不显著(P0.05);母本对商品代肉鸡63日龄体重影响较大,母本K系对体重的影响显著高于C1系和C2系(P0.05),K系为最佳母本。配套组合XM2长速显著优于其他组合(P0.05),而各组合屠宰性能之间无明显差异(P0.05)。结果显示:XM2为最佳配套组合,商品代肉鸡63日龄平均出栏体重为公鸡2 187.9 g、母鸡1 789.2 g,平均料肉比为2.05∶1,存活率为98.56%。  相似文献   

9.
用京海黄鸡EE、GG、SS、W1W1、W2W2系5个肉鸡品系和京海黄鸡刀,组成包括纯繁在内的13个组合,以不完全双列杂交法,测定1-10周龄各周龄的体重、10周末的饲料报酬和成活力的杂种优势.结果表明:作为父本使用时,EE系和GG系生长速度优于SS,W1W1 和W2W2系.JXW2的饲料报酬最优,为2.20,杂种优势率为-31.57%;S×J的饲料报酬其次,为2.28,杂种优势率为-16.02%.所有组合中,W2×J和S×J的成活率最高,分别为98.98%和98.97%.  相似文献   

10.
以本院原种鸡场自1976年以来先后从国外引进和培育的D(1系)、E(2系)、S(3系)、N(4系)、B(5系)和C(6系)六个品系白壳蛋鸡为素材,通过连续四年的配合力测定,估计亲本品系的一般配合力和特殊配合力,为纯系选育和杂交组合配套提供理论根据;筛选优秀杂交组合,为商品鸡场提供高产配套杂交鸡。1979—1980年对滨白1、2、5、6四个品系按Griffing(1956)提出的完全双列杂交系统,配12个杂交组合,测定其主要经济性状的配合力效应值。结果产蛋量  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

16.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

18.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

20.
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.  相似文献   

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