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1.
试验选用15日龄、30日龄、60日龄、90日龄和成年獭兔各15只,对獭兔不同肠段(十二指肠、空肠和回肠、盲肠)pH、淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶、脂肪酶和乳糖酶活性进行测定.结果表明:肠段不同,pH和酶活性不同.15日龄后獭兔各肠段pH变化不大,相同日龄pH:回肠>空肠>十二指肠.随着日龄的增加,淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性增加,乳糖酶的活性逐渐降低;相同日龄淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶活性:空肠>回肠>十二指肠,乳糖酶活性:空肠>十二指肠>回肠.盲肠pH、淀粉酶和乳糖酶活性低于小肠,纤维素酶在60日龄后迅速增加;盲肠各消化酶活性90日龄后基本稳定. 相似文献
2.
0～49日龄肉仔鸡消化参数的变化规律研究 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
作者通过测定10、14、17、21、28、35、42和49日龄肉仔鸡体重和采食量，嗉囊、腺胃和肌胃及空肠食糜的pH，小肠的长度，腺胃和肌胃食糜中胃蛋白酶水平以及空肠食糜中淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶和脂肪酶的活性等指标，研究0～49日龄肉仔鸡消化参数的变化规律。并探讨这几种消化参数发育与肉仔鸡生长间的关系。研究结果表明：肉仔鸡体重、采食量以及小肠长度随日龄的增加逐渐增加，体重、采食量和小肠长度的增幅分别于42、28和35日龄左右达到最大，然后呈逐渐降低趋势。嗉囊和胃pH有随日龄增加的趋势，但增幅不大。肉仔鸡空肠pH在生长过程中比较稳定，介于5．79～6．16之间。胃蛋白酶随日龄的增加而逐渐增加，于28日龄达到峰值，随后有降低的趋势。28日龄以后各日龄胃蛋白酶水平仍高于21日龄以前。空肠内淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶和脂肪酶随日龄增加逐渐增加，并分别于35、21、14和14日龄达到峰值，随后逐渐降低。与达到峰值前酶活相比，达到峰值后各种酶活水平仍高于或接近峰值前酶活水平。小肠发育程度和消化酶水平可能会对肉仔鸡生长产生影响。 相似文献
3.
羔羊小肠pH及主要消化酶发育规律的研究 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：13
对小尾寒羊羔羊小肠不同部位(十二指肠、空肠和回肠)pH及淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶、脂肪酶和乳糖酶的活性进行了测定，结果表明：羔羊小肠不同部位内容物pH不同，回肠pH显著高于空肠，空肠和回肠pH显著高于十二指肠，羔羊1月龄后，小肠各段pH变化不大；小肠不同部位淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶及脂肪酶活性不同，空肠段淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶及脂肪酶活性高于十二指肠和回肠段，随着羔羊日龄的增长，小肠淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶及脂肪酶活性增加，3月龄后各消化酶活性变化差异不显著(P＜O．05)；羔羊小肠不同部位乳糖酶活性不同，空肠乳糖酶活性显著高于十二指肠和回肠，随着羔羊日龄的增长，小肠乳糖酶活性逐渐降低。 相似文献
4.
《中国家禽》2017,(4)
试验旨在研究蛋鸡生长期部分消化参数的变化规律,选择1日龄海兰灰蛋鸡120只,分别在5、9、14、21、28、35、42、49、56、63、77、91日龄测定消化道p H值、小肠和胰腺周增幅,十二指肠和空肠淀粉酶、脂肪酶、胰蛋白酶及盲肠内的纤维素酶活性,分析其变化规律。结果表明:海兰灰蛋鸡腺胃肌胃、十二指肠、空肠、盲肠、胆汁p H值分别在2.55~3.89、6.01~6.66、6.25~6.47、6.44~7.33和6.38~7.90之间;小肠长度和胰腺重量周增幅分别于28和42日龄左右达到最大;十二指肠和空肠淀粉酶、脂肪酶和胰蛋白酶达到峰值的时间分别为35、35、42日龄和35、28、35日龄;盲肠纤维素酶活性于49日龄达到峰值;空肠内各日龄脂肪酶、淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶活性分别比十二指肠高5.3倍、8.2倍及2.0倍。 相似文献
5.
太行鸡生长期消化道pH及主要消化酶变化规律的研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
选择1日龄太行鸡120只,公母各半。分别在5、9、14、21、28、35、42、49、56、63、77、91日龄测定消化道各段pH值、十二指肠和空肠内的淀粉酶、脂肪酶、胰蛋白酶及盲肠内的纤维素酶活性,分析其变化规律。结果表明:各段消化道的pH值随日龄的变化差异不显著。消化道内各酶先随日龄增长逐渐增加,达到峰值后趋于稳定。淀粉酶、脂肪酶、胰蛋白酶酶活达到峰值的时间是:十二指肠为35、35、42日龄;空肠为49、35、35日龄;盲肠内纤维素酶为42日龄。空肠内酶活性分别比十二指肠内高:淀粉酶高9.2倍;脂肪酶高5.3倍;胰蛋白酶高2倍。 相似文献
6.
通过连续测定24、25、34、44、54周龄海兰褐蛋鸡嗉囊、胃及空肠食糜pH值、水分含量,胃食糜胃蛋白酶以及空肠食糜胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶的活性等及胆汁酸含量指标,研究24～54周龄海兰褐蛋鸡消化环境随年龄增长的变化趋势.结果表明:在蛋鸡产蛋高峰期,嗉囊、胃食糜pH值均随日龄增加而逐渐升高,空肠pH值相对稳定,介于6.32～6.38.嗉囊、胃和空肠食糜的水分含量随日龄增加无明显变化,但是空肠食糜含水量明显高于嗉囊和胃内食糜.胃蛋白酶随日龄增加而降低,但在24～34周龄时相对稳定,酶活水平较高,44周龄后酶活明显降低;空肠内淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性及胆汁酸含量随日龄的增加而逐渐降低,44周龄后下降较快. 相似文献
7.
对小尾寒羊羔羊小肠不同部位(十二指肠、空肠和回肠)的pH值及淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和乳糖酶的活性进行了测定,结果表明,羔羊小肠不同部位内容物pH值不同,回肠pH值显著高于空肠,空肠和回肠pH值显著高于十二指肠;羔羊小肠不同部位淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶活性不同,空肠段淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶活性高于十二指肠和回肠段,随着羔羊日龄的增长,小肠淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶活性增加;羔羊小肠不同部位乳糖酶活性不同,空肠乳糖酶活性最高,十二指肠次之,回肠最低,随着羔羊日龄的增长,小肠乳糖酶活性逐渐降低. 相似文献
8.
9.
为了探索断奶獭兔消化功能的发育变化规律。以美系獭兔为研究对象,从28日龄起,对消化器官质量、小肠各段绒毛高度（VH）、隐窝深度（CD）、肠壁厚度（IWT）与胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶的活性进行测定分析,并进行消化器官的Gompertz与Logistic模型拟合。结果：①消化器官发育的拐点日龄出现在30~60 d;快速生长阶段发生在：小肠与大肠35~63日龄、肝脏63~70日龄、胃49~56日龄;最大质量分别为：胃20.619 7 g、肝脏71.9582 g、小肠42.500 3 g、大肠46.905 7 g,分别出现在98、122、1191、20 d。显示消化器官的成熟顺序为：小肠、胃、大肠、肝脏。描述美系獭兔消化器官的发育Gompertz模型优于Logistic。②日龄显著影响小肠各段IWT（P〈0.01）,明显影响十二指肠前中部、空肠和回肠的VH（P〈0.05）,对十二指肠前中部和空肠CD影响显著（P〈0.05）。③日龄对胃蛋白酶和小肠各段胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶活性的影响均不显著（P〉0.05）,但随日龄的增加酶活性有逐渐升高的趋势,稳定于60日龄左右。相同日龄的胰蛋白酶和淀粉酶在小肠不同肠段间的活性具有一定差异,表现为空肠最高,回肠居中,十二指肠最小。结论：Gompertz可以较好地用来描述美系獭兔消化器官的发育,獭兔消化器官的发育与日龄密切相关,60日龄是其消化器官发育的拐点日龄,成熟于120日龄;断奶对消化器官形态学发育的影响恢复需要约2周的时间。 相似文献
10.
试验旨在研究湖羊羔羊早期断奶前后的胃肠道结构和功能发育的变化,为羔羊的早期培育提供理论依据。选择初生重相近的22只双羔湖羊公羔(初生重3.81 kg±0.55 kg),1~7日龄饲喂母乳,8日龄与母羊分离,开始饲喂代乳粉(按8日龄体重的2%,分3次等量饲喂)和开食料(自由采食),35日龄停止饲喂代乳粉。于8、21和42日龄分别屠宰6只羔羊,检测瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃、皱胃的重量及十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠、结肠、直肠的长度和重量;采集瘤胃和小肠组织,切片后进行伊红和苏木精染色,检测瘤胃乳头长度、宽度、环形肌厚度、小肠绒毛高度、宽度和隐窝深度,并计算绒隐比(绒毛高度/隐窝深度);采集瘤胃、十二指肠和空肠内容物,检测淀粉酶、纤维素酶、乳糖酶、胰蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性及氨态氮(NH3-N)、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度。结果显示,瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃重和瘤胃占总胃重的比例随日龄的增加而显著增加(P<0.05),皱胃重占总胃重的比例随着日龄的增加而减小(P<0.05);十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠、结肠和直肠的长度、重量随日龄的增加而增加(P<0.05),42日龄十二指肠、回肠绒隐比均显著高于8和21日龄(P<0.05),瘤胃乳头高度、乳头宽度和肌层厚度均随日龄的增加而显著增加(P<0.05),十二指肠的绒毛高度、绒毛宽度、隐窝深度及空肠的绒毛高度、隐窝深度均随着日龄的增加而减小;十二指肠淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶及空肠淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶活性均随着日龄的增加而显著增加(P<0.05);42日龄羔羊瘤胃中淀粉酶活性及乙酸、丙酸和丁酸浓度均显著高于21日龄羔羊(P<0.05)。以上结果说明,和断奶(21日龄)前相比,断奶后羔羊的瘤胃发育增强,皱胃和小肠组织形态变小,瘤胃和小肠中主要消化酶的活性均增强。 相似文献
11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
14.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
15.
H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
16.
Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
17.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
18.
B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
19.
Ling GV Thurmond MC Choi YK Franti CE Ruby AL Johnson DL 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):817-823
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors. 相似文献
20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems. 相似文献