共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
2.
为筛选适宜间作的大豆品种，以早、中、晚熟三种类型共16个大豆品种（系）为试验材料，在玉米大豆间作和大豆净作（为对照）模式下比较研究其农艺性状和产量构成因素。结果表明,各熟期类型品种在间作条件下的株高、平均节间长、倒伏率均显著高于净作对照，且早熟品种的株高、底荚高、主茎节数、平均节间长以及倒伏率显著低于中、晚熟品种。早、中熟品种在间作下的有效分枝数与对照差异不显著，而晚熟品种显著高于对照。各熟期类型品种在间作模式下的产量都显著低于相应的对照，早熟类型品种的单株有效荚、单株粒数、百粒重、单株产量以及公顷单产均极显著低于中、晚熟类型品种，而这些性状在中、晚熟品种间差异不显著。早、中熟品种在间作下的单株有效荚率均显著高于对照，晚熟品种的单株有效荚率显著高于中熟品种，中熟品种显著高于早熟品种。然而各品种类型间作下的完整粒率与净作对照无显著差异，中、晚熟品种的完整粒率显著高于早熟品种。通过相关性分析，间作下倒伏率与株高、主茎节数、平均节间长呈极显著正相关；单株有效荚率、单株粒重、完整粒率、产量均与生育期呈极显著正相关；玉豆共生期占全生育期比重与有效荚率、完整粒率、产量呈极显著负相关。上述结果表明，在玉米大豆间作模式下，中、晚熟大豆品种相比早熟品种有较长的光补偿时期，能获得较高的产量，是适宜与玉米间作种植的大豆品种类型。 相似文献
3.
以紧凑高抗玉米品种中单909为试验材料,种植密度为67 500株/hm2,研究拔节期至大喇叭口期分别喷施"增产胺"、"吨田宝"及"DA-6"3种不同类型化控剂对玉米产量及生长发育的影响。结果表明,喷施3种不同类型化控剂均可提高玉米子粒产量,"增产胺"和"吨田宝"的增产最为显著,较对照分别增产6.9%和6.6%;化控剂处理对行粒数和穗长影响不明显,明显缩短了秃尖长度,"增产胺"、"吨田宝"、"DA-6"处理分别较对照缩短23.9%、16.6%和28.3%;喷施"增产胺"同时增加穗粒数和千粒重,"吨田宝"增加玉米穗粒数,"DA-6"提高玉米的千粒重;"增产胺"与"吨田宝"处理后收获指数均明显高于对照,"DA-6"处理收获指数与对照差异不显著。与对照相比,化控处理后叶面积指数、各生育期生物总量均明显增加;对叶片SPAD值的影响存在差异,"增产胺"和"吨田宝"均提高穗位叶的SPAD值,"DA-6"对穗位叶SPAD值的影响不显著。 相似文献
4.
带状复合种植对玉米和大豆光合特性及籽粒产量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为比较带状复合种植和清种种植模式下玉米和大豆光合特性以及产量的差异,2015年和2016年进行大田试验,研究了玉米和大豆2∶4带状复合种植模式及清种种植对玉米和大豆光合特性及籽粒产量的影响。结果表明:(1)与清种玉米相比,对于高秆品种(垦丰41),带状复合种植提高了玉米净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度和水分利用效率;对于矮秆品种(垦丰40),2015年带状复合种植净光合速率等指标略小于清种玉米,但水分利用效率和胞间CO2浓度均大于清种玉米,有利于玉米籽粒内含物质的积累,而2016年净光合速率和蒸腾速率等指标均大于清种玉米;(2)对于高秆品种(垦丰41),除叶绿素含量略小外,清种大豆的各光合生理指标均大于带状复合种植;对于矮秆品种(垦丰40),带状复合种植净光合速率、气孔导度和叶绿素均大于清种大豆,且净光合速率均达到极显著差异水平;(3)带状复合种植增加了玉米穗粒数、穗重、籽粒重,虽产量较清种略有降低,但总经济效益高于清种;(4)带状复合种植大豆较清种大豆单株荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重和百粒重均有所降低,且产量明显下降,但总体经济效益高于清种经济效益。综合分析认为:玉米大豆带状复合种植增加了玉米光合生理特性,且对于增加玉米和大豆总产量和总体经济效益具有重要意义。 相似文献
5.
花生、玉米不同间作方式对花生生理性状以及产量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探究不同间作方式对花生生长发育以及产量的影响,研究提高花生、玉米间作综合单产的最优间作模式。设置了花生和玉米4:1间作模式(覆膜:DJ_1FM;露地:DJ_1)、花生和玉米4:2间作模式(覆膜:DJ_2FM;露地:DJ_2)、花生和玉米5:3间作模式(覆膜:DJ_3FM;露地:DJ_3)、花生单作处理(覆膜:DDHF;露地:DDH)和玉米单作处理(DDY)共9个处理。研究结果表明:覆膜有利于花生叶片净光合速率的提高,而从结荚期开始花生、玉米间作的覆膜和露地处理均显著降低了花生的净光合速率,各处理之间光合速率大小表现为DDHFDDHDJ_1FMDJ_1DJ_2FMDJ_2DJ_3FMDJ_3;花针期花生、玉米5:3模式覆膜和露地处理的叶绿素含量显著低于其他处理;花生、玉米间作对花生叶片叶绿素含量的影响与玉米所占比例成反比。花生、玉米5:3间作模式覆膜和露地处理的硝酸还原酶活性、根系活力在各个时期均低于其他各个处理,差异显著;各间作模式下花生都出现了产量显著下降的情况;花生、玉米4:2间作模式的玉米产量较单作玉米下降了24.9%,下降不显著。按照当年山东省粮食收购价格计算花生和玉米的收益花生、玉米4:2间作模式的覆膜处理经济效益明显高于其他间作处理。认为4:2间作模式覆膜处理为花生、玉米的最佳间作模式。 相似文献
6.
以当地常规施肥模式(CK)为对照,研究南方丘陵红壤旱地不同施肥模式(CO:常规施肥+有机肥;CB,常规施肥+生物有机肥;CP:常规施肥+钾肥)对春玉米生物学特性及产量的影响。结果表明,单株叶面积和叶面积指数大小顺序为CO>CP>CB>CK处理,全生育期单株叶面积和叶面积指数均显著高于对照,抽雄期和成熟期CO和CP处理均显著高于其他处理。拔节期、抽雄期和成熟期CO和CP处理植株根系干重、茎干重均显著高于其他处理,CO处理植株叶干重显著高于对照。CO处理穗长显著高于对照;CP处理行粒数、穗粒数和百粒重均显著高于对照。CO、CB和CP处理产量分别比对照增加19.36%、13.08%和22.10%,增产原因主要是行粒数、穗粒数和百粒重的增加。 相似文献
7.
采用控制土壤水分方法,研究了不同生育阶段土壤水势(-30~-35 kPa和-60~-65 kPa和正常灌水0 kPa)对水稻上育397、绥粳3号穗部性状及产量的影响。结果表明,长穗期处理对2个品种穗部各性状的影响最大,此处理下上育397、绥粳3号的穗数显著高于对照,而穗长、穗节数、穗颈节枝梗数均极显著低于对照及其他处理,但同一时期不同处理间差异不显著。2个品种长穗期处理时的产量极显著低于对照,其次是分蘖期和抽穗后1～10 d的处理对产量影响较大,多数处理与对照的差异达到显著或极显著水平。穗长、穗节数、穗颈节枝梗数与各粒位籽粒产量均呈正相关,且与中位粒和劣势粒产量的相关系数均达到了显著或极显著水平。关键词 相似文献
8.
杏棉间作复合系统中棉花生长及生产特性的研究 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
以大田棉花为对照,与杏、棉间作下棉花的株高、LAI、产量及其构成因素进行比较研究。结果表明,杏、棉间作下棉花的株高和LAI相比对照均有不同程度的减小,且随着距杏树垂直距离的增加,其变化呈偏态分布趋势;间作下棉花的铃重、株铃数、有效果枝数和衣分相比对照均有一定的减少,各处理与对照间单株铃数和果枝数差异极显著,间作对产量性状的影响大小依次为:有效果枝数株铃数铃重衣分;间作减少了棉花的单位面积子棉产量和皮棉产量,各处理与对照间差异极显著;在杏、棉间作下试验的3个品种中鲁棉研28最为稳定。 相似文献
9.
盐碱地不同种植模式对谷子花生生长发育及产量形成的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本试验以谷子、花生单作为对照,设置谷子花生2:2和4:4两种间作模式,研究黄河三角洲滨海盐碱地不同种植模式对谷子花生干物质积累、作物群体覆盖、产量及其构成因素的影响°结果表明:盐碱地花生谷子间作下,谷子干物质积累量在抽穗期、灌浆期和收获期均显著高于单作,且灌浆期和收获期2:2间作模式显著高于4:4间作模式;而间作下花生干物质量各生育期均低于单作°各生育期间作谷子单株叶面积和叶面积指数均高于单作,且两种间作模式差异不显著;而间作花生花针期、结荚期和饱果期单株叶面积和叶面积指数均低于单作,收获期则高于花生单作,且2:2间作高于4:4间作模式°两种间作模式下花生产量差异不显著,但其净面积产量均低于单作;而2:2间作模式谷子产量显著高于4:4间作模式,且两种间作模式下谷子净面积产量均显著高于谷子单作°谷子花生2:2间作模式土地当量比大于4:4间作模式,且均大于1.0°可见,间作谷子在干物质积累、作物群体覆盖、产量等方面均优于单作,而谷子花生2:2模式又优于4:4模式’因此,在黄河三角洲滨海盐碱地区,推广谷子花生2:2间作种植模式利于提高作物群体覆盖、土地生产力,从而促进作物高效共生、盐碱地改良利用和生态可持续发展。 相似文献
10.
扩行缩株对春玉米干物质积累与转运的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在7.5万株/hm~2密度下,以等行距(行距60 cm)种植为对照,研究扩行缩株(行距100 cm)种植下春玉米产量、物质积累及转运。结果表明,扩行缩株种植下两年2个品种春玉米产量及穗粒数均显著高于对照;农华101千粒重显著高于对照,伟科702与对照差异不显著。扩行缩株种植下两年2个品种生育后期干物质积累量及积累速率均显著高于对照;茎鞘转运量高于对照,叶片转运量低于对照。成熟期茎鞘和叶片干物质分配比例低于对照,子粒分配比例高于对照。 相似文献
11.
12.
《Journal of Cereal Science》2007,45(3):236-251
Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified. 相似文献
13.
Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified. 相似文献
14.
概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。 相似文献
15.
种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。 相似文献
16.
Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from
the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch
were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics
investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules. 相似文献
17.
In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types. 相似文献
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types. 相似文献
18.
种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。 相似文献
19.
ZHU Mingdong WEI Xiangjin XIE Hongjun TANG Guohua ZENG Xiaoshan WANG Jianlong HU Peisong YU Yinghong 《中国水稻科学》2019,33(5):401-406
Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry. 相似文献
20.