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1.
本试验旨在确定羊驼第一胃室与绵羊瘤胃固相和液相外流速率。选用1周岁健康的公羊驼[(27.0±4.6)kg]与晋中公绵羊[(26.2±2.7)kg]各3只,通过钴(Co)和铬(Cr)双标记法测定固相和液相外流速率。结果显示,根据MC模型羊驼固相慢速外流速率k1(3.44%/h)有低于绵羊(4.32%/h)的趋势(P=0.072),固相快速外流速率k2,羊驼(16.90%/h)极显著低于绵羊(35.06%/h)(P0.01);根据指数模型羊驼固相外流速率k(5.13%/h)与绵羊(5.14%/h)差异不显著(P0.05);模型所得羊驼食糜胃肠道平均滞留时间高于绵羊。根据G4模型和指数模型,羊驼液相外流速率k(分别为6.21%/h和7.73%/h)与绵羊(分别为7.02%/h和8.43%/h)差异不显著(P0.05),2种模型所得液相外流速率k差异不显著(P0.05),但羊驼第一胃室容积(6.23 L)和外流速度(0.44 L/h)极显著低于绵羊瘤胃容积(10.69 L)和外流速度(0.90 L/h)(P0.01)。结果提示,食糜在羊驼体内的消化时间长于绵羊,这可能是羊驼粗饲料消化率高的原因之一。 相似文献
2.
针对藏绵羊暖、冷季营养供给严重不均衡的生产实际,本试验旨在解析藏绵羊应对冷季营养严重匮乏的适应机制。试验选择1周岁(±1月龄)健康的放牧藏绵羊母羊12只,采用气相色谱仪和荧光定量PCR仪分别测定藏绵羊暖(7月)、冷(12月)季瘤胃短链脂肪酸(SCFA)浓度和微生物菌群密度,分析藏绵羊暖、冷季瘤胃SCFA浓度与微生物菌群密度间的互作关系。结果表明:藏绵羊冷季瘤胃中乙酸与丙酸浓度及比值(A/P)显著高于暖季(P<0.05),其他SCFA浓度在暖、冷季间差异不显著(P>0.05);各种SCFA所占比例分析发现,乙酸比例在冷季显著高于暖季(P<0.05),丁酸比例在暖季显著高于冷季(P<0.05),异丁酸比例在暖、冷季间差异不显著(P>0.05)。随着季节的变化,藏绵羊瘤胃微生物中黄色瘤胃球菌(Ruminococcus flavefaciens)、白色瘤胃球菌(Ruminococcus albus)、产琥珀酸丝状杆菌(Fibrobacter succinogenes)、溶纤维丁酸弧菌(Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens)、嗜淀粉瘤胃杆菌(Ruminobacter amylophilus)与产甲烷菌(Methanogenic bacteria)的相对密度在暖季显著高于冷季(P<0.05)。相关性分析表明,乙酸浓度与黄色瘤胃球菌相对密度,丙酸浓度与白色瘤胃球菌相对密度呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),乙酸浓度与白色瘤胃球菌、嗜淀粉瘤胃杆菌、溶纤维丁酸弧菌、产甲烷菌相对密度,丙酸浓度与产琥珀酸丝状杆菌相对密度呈显著负相关(P<0.05),丁酸浓度与6种微生物菌种相对密度无显著相关性(P>0.05)。由此可见,藏绵羊瘤胃微生物菌群密度与SCFA浓度间的互作存在明显差异,这种互作机制可能在藏绵羊应对暖、冷季的适应性方面发挥着重要作用,研究结果将为藏绵羊产业发展及种质资源保护利用提供参考。 相似文献
3.
《饲料研究》2015,(1)
选用4只3岁体质量(55±2)kg装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的阉公羊,采用4×4拉丁方设计,研究纳米铜(日粮中添加量分别为0、10、20和30 mg/kg)对瘤胃液氨态氮(NH3-N)质量浓度及蛋白质质量浓度的影响。结果表明:纳米铜对瘤胃液NH3-N质量浓度影响不显著(P0.05);添加10 mg/kg时绵羊瘤胃液微生物蛋白质平均质量浓度显著高于添加30 mg/kg(P0.05),其他各组差异均不显著(P0.05)。根据试验结果推断,纳米铜添加量低于30 mg/kg时不影响绵羊瘤胃液NH3-N质量浓度及微生物蛋白质质量浓度,而纳米铜的最适添加量为10 mg/kg。 相似文献
4.
日粮阴阳离子平衡对绵羊瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸和血液指标的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在研究日粮阴阳离子平衡(DCAB)对绵羊瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸和血液指标的影响.选用(45±3)kg的杂交羊(东北细毛羊×小尾寒羊)4只,采用4×4拉丁方试验设计,分别饲喂DCAB为+239.16、+104.37、-0.83和-127.59 mEq/kg DM的日粮.结果表明,DCAB对绵羊尿液pH有极显著的影响(P<0.01);对瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸的浓度和比例影响不显著(P>0.05).但DCAB最高和最低组瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸浓度均较低;对绵羊血糖、血清非酯化脂肪酸、高密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白含量影响不显著(P>0.05),但DCAB最高和最低组甘油三酯浓度较低(P<0.05);对胰岛索、胰高血糖索、生长激素、三碘甲腺原氨酸和甲状腺素影响不显著(P>0.05).结果提示,DCAB对绵羊脂肪代谢相关的血液指标有一定的影响. 相似文献
5.
牛至油对绵羊瘤胃发酵特性及饲粮营养物质瘤胃降解率的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本试验旨在研究牛至油对绵羊瘤胃发酵特性和饲粮营养物质瘤胃降解率的影响。试验选用4只平均体重为(40.83±4.11) kg的4周岁新疆细毛羊×杜泊羊杂交的安装永久瘤胃瘘管的绵羊,采用4×4拉丁方试验设计,对照组饲喂基础饲粮(不添加牛至油),试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0.015%、0.030%和0.045%牛至油的试验饲粮。试验共分为4期,每期12 d,其中预试期10 d,正试期2 d。第1天于早餐采食后2、4、6及10 h采集瘤胃液,测定瘤胃液pH、挥发性脂肪酸、总氮、氨氮和尿素氮浓度,第2天利用尼龙袋法测定基础饲粮的营养物质瘤胃降解率。结果表明:1)添加牛至油对饲粮干物质、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的瘤胃降解率均未产生显著影响(P0.05); 2)添加牛至油对各组在各时间点的绵羊瘤胃液pH、总氮、氨氮和尿素氮浓度均未产生显著影响(P0.05); 3) 0.030%和0.045%组绵羊瘤胃液4 h的总挥发性脂肪酸浓度显著低于对照组(P0.05); 0.015%组绵羊瘤胃液0、2、6 h乙酸比例显著低于其余各组(P0.05),6 h的乙酸/丙酸显著低于其余各组(P0.05),而2 h丙酸比例显著高于除了对照组外的其余各组(P0.05)。由此可知,饲粮中添加牛至油不影响饲粮营养物质的瘤胃降解率,对瘤胃氮浓度也无显著影响,但会影响瘤胃内挥发性脂肪酸浓度,以添加0.015%牛至油效果最好。 相似文献
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《动物营养学报》2020,(3)
本试验旨在研究不同物候期牧草对藏系绵羊血清生化指标、瘤胃内环境参数及瘤胃微生物功能菌群的影响。分别于高寒草甸返青期、青草期和枯草期采集牧草样品,测定常规营养成分含量。选取体重为(34.08±2.94) kg的10只4岁全年放牧的藏系母绵羊,用耳标进行标记,分别于返青期、青草期和枯草期清晨放牧前空腹进行颈静脉采血及瘤胃液采集,用于分析血清生化指标、瘤胃内环境参数及瘤胃微生物功能菌群。结果表明:1)青草期牧草粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量显著高于返青期和枯草期(P0.05),而枯草期牧草酸性洗涤纤维含量显著高于其他2个时期(P0.05),中性洗涤纤维含量显著高于返青期(P0.05)。2)血清中甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白和生长激素含量随物候期推移无显著变化(P0.05)。枯草期血清总蛋白、白蛋白含量和谷丙转氨酶活性显著低于返青期和青草期(P0.05)。3)藏系绵羊瘤胃液氨态氮、乙酸、异丁酸、戊酸含量及丙酸比例均在青草期最高,乙酸比例在枯草期最高,乙酸/丙酸在枯草期显著高于返青期和青草期(P0.05)。4)宏基因组测序结果表明,放牧藏系绵羊瘤胃微生物相对丰度最高的是细菌,约占总微生物含量的70%,其次是真菌(20%),剩余是未注释到的微生物(10%)。其中,瘤胃液中主要纤维素分解菌为栖瘤胃普雷沃氏菌、白色瘤胃球菌和产琥珀酸丝状杆菌,其相对丰度均在枯草期显著高于返青期和青草期(P0.05),淀粉分解菌、反刍兽新月单胞杆菌的相对丰度在青草期显著高于其他物候期(P0.05)。由此得出,不同物候期牧草营养成分含量变化引起藏系绵羊血清生化指标、瘤胃内环境参数、瘤胃微生物功能菌群的变化;冷季(返青期和枯草期)因血清中总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、葡萄糖及瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸含量低,导致藏系绵羊潜在的抵御疾病能力弱,可利用能量源少,因此在返青期和枯草期应对放牧藏系绵羊进行合理补饲提高藏系绵羊生长性能。 相似文献
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《饲料工业》2021,(5)
为了揭示过瘤胃锌和纤维素复合酶对奶牛泌乳性能、养分消化和瘤胃发酵的影响。试验将32头荷斯坦泌乳奶牛[胎次为(1.5±0.72),体重为(617±11.6)kg,泌乳天数为(93.8±4.9)d,日产奶量为(45.2±3.1)kg]按照2×2因子随机分为4组,分别为对照组、包被纤维素复合酶组(CCEC,纤维素复合酶2 g/kg)、过瘤胃锌组(RPZn,锌20 mg/kg)和包被纤维素复合酶+过瘤胃锌组(纤维素复合酶2 g/kg+锌20 mg/kg)。结果显示,添加包被纤维素复合酶或过瘤胃锌均显著提高了饲料效率、干物质、有机物和粗脂肪的消化率(P0.05),过瘤胃锌显著提高了粗蛋白的消化率(P0.05);包被纤维素复合酶显著提高了中性洗涤纤维的消化率(P0.05)。添加包被纤维素复合酶后瘤胃pH值显著降低(P0.05),总挥发性脂肪酸浓度显著增加(P0.05),乙酸.丙酸值显著提高(P0.05)。包被纤维素复合酶和过瘤胃锌不存在交互作用。说明包被纤维素复合酶和过瘤胃锌可提高饲料效率和养分消化率,包被纤维素复合酶促进了瘤胃发酵。 相似文献
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《中国饲料》2020,(17)
为研究补喂瘤胃保护性精氨酸对绵羊血浆中氨基酸浓度、激素水平和抗氧化能力的影响,试验选取12月龄的新疆美利奴羊母羊24只,随机分为4个处理组,每组6只羊,分别为对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组,并分别补喂含0、0.25、0.50、0.75 g/kg BW的瘤胃保护性精氨酸,试验期21 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,在必需氨基酸方面,试验Ⅲ组绵羊血浆中赖氨酸浓度升高了24.02%(P 0.05),但试验组绵羊血浆中色氨酸、苏氨酸、苯丙氨酸、甲硫氨酸浓度显著降低(P 0.05);在非必需氨基酸方面,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组绵羊血浆中精氨酸浓度分别升高了36.33%(P 0.05)、60.68%(P 0.05)、107.09%(P 0.01),鸟氨酸浓度分别升高了83.88%(P 0.05)、250.22%(P 0.01)、264.15%(P 0.01),而试验组绵羊血浆中酪氨酸、丙氨酸、脯氨酸浓度显著降低(P 0.05),试验Ⅲ组绵羊血浆中尿素浓度降低了22.93%(P 0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组绵羊血浆中胰岛素浓度分别升高了13.59%(P 0.05)、16.62%(P 0.05)、28.74%(P 0.01),生长激素浓度分别升高了54.90%(P 0.01)、49.02%(P 0.05)、41.67%(P 0.05)。试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组绵羊血浆中总抗氧化能力浓度分别升高了31.76%(P 0.01)、23.05%(P 0.01)、15.95%(P 0.01);试验Ⅰ组绵羊血浆中超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶浓度分别升高了24.64%(P 0.01)、35.34%(P 0.01)、11.48%(P 0.05),丙二醛浓度降低了18.80%(P 0.05),试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组绵羊血浆中一氧化氮浓度没有显著变化(P 0.05);因此,补喂不同水平(0.25、0.50、0.75 g/kg BW)瘤胃保护性精氨酸可以提高绵羊血浆中精氨酸和鸟氨酸浓度,并可以提高绵羊血浆中生长激素和胰岛素的水平。此外,补喂不同水平瘤胃保护性精氨酸对绵羊血浆中抗氧化能力的提高有积极的作用,适宜的补喂水平建议为0.25 g/kg BW。 相似文献
9.
《中国兽医学报》2015,(4):631-635
通过对正常藏系绵羊心电图和瘤胃肌电图的分析,掌握反刍动物的循环和消化代谢的特点。固定试验绵羊,利用心电图仪和胃肠电图仪进行描记,发现心电轴普遍右偏,偏移角度130°以上(P0.05);T波显著增高,在V1、V2、V3和V4 4个胸导联中,T值均值为(0.44±0.16)、(0.73±0.35)、(0.53±0.17)、(0.43±0.47)mV;ST段等电位的时间0.12s,QT间期水平延长。瘤胃肌电的描记发现VPP电位随年龄增加而降低,主波时间随年龄增加而变短。结果表明:心电轴的右偏与右心室肥大或品种有关,T波电位的增加与缺钙、高血钾或品种相关;瘤胃收缩的强度与收缩时间随年龄增加而变弱变短,此结果可为高原藏系绵羊内科疾病提供诊断方法和基础依据。 相似文献
10.
《四川畜牧兽医》2018,(11)
为了研究不同精粗比日粮对绵羊瘤胃微生物蛋白浓度和细菌数的影响,本试验选用30只健康的安有永久性瘤胃瘘管和十二指肠进端瘘管的鄂尔多斯细毛羊,随机均分成1、2、3组,分别饲喂精粗比为1∶9、3∶7、5∶5的日粮。结果显示:1、2、3组绵羊的瘤胃微生物蛋白浓度分别为59.26、63.95、64.38 mg/100 m L,组间差异不显著(P0.05);细菌总数分别为8.73×109、9.22×109、11.00×109个/mL,组间差异不显著(P0.05);相关性分析表明,瘤胃细菌数量和瘤胃细菌浓度呈高度正相关(R2=0.997 2),瘤胃细菌浓度与瘤胃微生物蛋白浓度间的相关性较低(R2=0.227 1)。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献