首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 578 毫秒
1.
研究了舍饲情况下使用加酶与（或）制粒饲料对山羊生长的影响，60天试验结果为3个试验组日增重分别比对照组提高20％、59％、39．1％。经加酶或（与）制粒处理后，山羊采食量明显提高，饲料转化率也有所提高。制粒饲料组经济效益显著。  相似文献   

2.
本试验采用随机区组设计的方法，选用45日龄断奶60日龄转群的杜大长杂交仔猪32头，随机分为4组（加酶粒料、加酶粉料、不加酶粒料和不加酶粉料组），每组8头，进行了制粒对酶制剂饲喂效果的影响的试验。经30天试验，结果表明：加酶粒料组的平均日增量分别比加酶粉料组、不加酶粒料组和不加酶粉料组提高2.79％（P＞0．05）、5．70％（P＞0．05）和11．40％（P＞0．05），饲料利用率分别提高7.55％（P＜0．05）、10．19％（P＜0.05）和17.36％（P＜0．05），头均净利增加5.77元、11．82元和19．54元。由此可见，制粒对酶制剂的饲喂效果影响不大，且加酶制粒的经济效益十分可观。  相似文献   

3.
本试验采用随机区组设计方法，选用４５日龄断奶６０日龄转群的杜大长杂种仔猪３２头，随机分为４组（加酶粒料、加酶粉料、不加酶粒料和不加酶粉料组），每组８头，进行了制粒对酶制剂饲喂效果影响的试验。经３０天试验结果表明：加酶粒料组的平均日增重分别比加酶粉料组、不加酶粒料组和不加酶粉料组提高２．７９％（Ｐ＞０．０５）、５．７０％（Ｐ＞０．０５）和１１．４０％（Ｐ＞０．０５），饲料利用率分别提高７．５５％（Ｐ＜０．０５）、１０．１９％（ＰＭ０．０５）和１７．３６％（Ｐ＜０．０５），头均净利增加５．７７元、１１．８２元和１９．５４元。由此可见，制粒对酶制剂的饲喂效果影响不大，加酶制剂制粒是可取的。  相似文献   

4.
随着酶制剂在饲料工业上的广泛应用，筛选耐高温产酶菌株，利用保护、稳定的方法，使消化酶顺利通过制粒过程，成为研究的主要课题。吴县太湖酶制剂厂在苏州新城饲料研究所的配合下，对太湖牌饲用复合酶在饲料制粒过程前后其活力的影响，进行了检测试验。现把结果报告如下：1试验材料与方法1.1饲料：由苏州新城饲料研究所提供新城401饲料。1.2复合酶：T91HH810饲用复合酶，由吴县太湖酶制剂厂生产。1.3试验料配比：按饲料90％、复合酶10％的比例配合，测定试验料制粒前、后各酶系活力。1.4测试项目：检测试验料制粒前、后滤纸酶、C_1酶、C…  相似文献   

5.
1　材料与方法试验山羊选择 :供试山羊均为房县本地马头山羊的去势公羊 ,共 48只 ,体重 2 0kg左右 ,8～ 10月龄。随机分成 4个组 ,1个对照组 ,3个试验组 ,每组 12只。平均体重对照组18 0 8kg ,试验 1组 17 93kg ,试验 2组 18 10kg ,试验3组18 0 8kg。试验期为 2个月。试验饲料 :试验饲料为本地所产玉米秸秆、大豆秸秆、花生壳 ,配一定比例的混合精料 ,4个组饲料配比、干湿度一致。每千克饲料含代谢能 10 73MJ ,含CP 9 12 %。对照组为湿拌粉料 ,试验 1组为稀酶发酵饲料 ,试验 2组为未加酶制粒料 ,试验 3组为加酶制粒料。试验 1组与试验 3…  相似文献   

6.
将 48只 8～ 10月龄去势公山羊随机分成 4组 ,每组 12只。3个试验组分别饲喂加酶发酵饲料、未加酶制粒、加酶制粒饲料 ,对照组饲喂湿拌粉料。在舍饲情况下 ,通过 6 0天的试验 ,3个试验组日增重分别比对照组提高 2 0 %、5 9%、3 9%。试验表明 ,制粒饲料组经济效益特别显著  相似文献   

7.
设定不同的约束条件，按最低成本饲料配方原理配合成9种日粮配方，研究了以小麦粉和次粉作为天然粘结剂取代木质素2X对制粒作业和颗粒质量的影响、添加2．5％脂肪与添加1．5％脂肪的影响、以及用高油玉米内在脂肪取代外加脂肪的影响。制粒试验是用一家美国饲料公司的40马力CPM制粒机在受控试验条件下进行的。试验结果表明，饲料中5％小麦粉或次粉在改善颗粒稳定性方面所起的作用与1％木质素2X（用外推法，即相当于2．5％普通木质素）相同。将添加脂肪从2．5％减到1．5％，使颗粒稳定性指标（PDI）提高了7．4个百分点（P=0．0001），同时使制粒的电耗（EEE）增加9％（从5．65增到6．16kwh／ton，P=0．0026），比机械能投入（SMEI）增加57％（从0．90增到1．41kwh／ton，P=0．0036）。用高油玉米的内在脂肪代替2．25百分点外加脂肪并满足较高ME水平（≥3194kcal／kg），使PDI提高了3．5个百分点（P=0．0765），但在较低的ME限定水平（≥3139kcal／kg）比1．5％添加脂肪下降了5．9个百分点（P=0．0060）。简要讨论了在摩立幕猪模型时饲料使用较低的ME水平（≥3139kcal／kg）的经济效益。  相似文献   

8.
选用720羽1日龄白羽肉鸡．随机分为6个处理组：基础日粮组、减少日粮中磷酸氢钙6妇分别添加3种（1、2、3号）普通植酸酶和2种（4、5号）耐高温植酸酶．研究耐高温植酸酶对肉鸡生产性能的影响及饲料制粒前后的酶活损失率。结果显示：与基础日粮组对比,在降磷酸氢钙日粮中添加酶的各组（2号酶除外）差异均不显著．其中微颗粒耐高温植酸酶有降低料肉比的趋势．且与普通植酸酶2号酶有极显著差异（P〈0．01）;加酶饲料制粒前后的酶活．普通植酸酶的损失率均大于20％．而耐高温植酸酶的损失率均小于10％。  相似文献   

9.
朱国法 《饲料工业》2002,23(11):52-52
１原料的理化性质不同的原料组成的饲料制粒性能差异较大。通常玉米、豆粕含量较高的饲料（如小鸡料）制粒性能较好，粉料回流量少，成品成形率大都在９５％上；而大糠、４号粉含量较高的饲料（如通用料）则刚好相反，成品成形率９０％左右，且经常堵塞环模，造成停产。因此在配方设计中，在不提高成本的前提下应尽可能少用制粒性能差的原料。１．１粉含量较高的原料，在较高的温度和水分时调质，可促使淀粉糊化，制粒时可起润滑作用，提高制粒产量，同时颗粒冷却后粘结性好，粉化率低。１．２天然蛋白质的容量大，受热后变性，其可塑性与粘…  相似文献   

10.
试验将含有制粒专用植酸酶制剂的日粮样本在4种温度条件下进行制粒．制粒后的饲料应用植酸酶国标法进行酶活测定,结果表明：制粒专用植酸酶在调制温度70℃左右、蒸汽压力不高的情况下酶活基本未丧失,性能比较理想：当制粒温度达到80℃以上时,酶活明显降低,但总体保持在500U／kg以上．制粒用植酸酶仍具有较好的耐热性能。经过动物饲养试验表明．肉鸡和育肥猪饲养对照组和处理组之间的平均日增重和料肉比差异都不显著（p〉0．01）,这说明在添加制粒专用植酸酶后．对磷酸氢钙的量进行调整并不会影响肉鸡和育肥猪的生长性能．且同样能达到普通植酸酶在粉状饲料中的应用效果。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

16.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

18.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

20.
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号