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试验在流水条件下,选取体质健壮的初孵施氏鲟仔鱼1500尾,投喂人工配合饲料进行强化开口试验,同时观察其摄食习性、生长与形态发育变化。结果表明：在16～25℃水温条件下,经100d饲养,施氏鲟平均全长达28．3cm,平均体重达69．7g,并获得96％开口成活率和90％的最终成活率。 相似文献
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鲟鳇杂交的人工繁育技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在8～13℃水温下,对达氏鳇、史氏鲟亲鱼注射DOS（自行研制）、17α-羟基-20β双羟基孕酮（17α-20βp）,在水温16～18℃时注射促黄体素释放激素类似物（LRH—A）,流水刺激,诱导亲鱼排卵、排精。效应时间为8～18h,催产率100％、杂交受精率93．7％。采用全人工饲料进行开口试验和苗种培育试验,并获得85．7％开口成活率和77．33％的育苗成活率。生长曲线表明：不论是体长还是体重,50日龄前增长缓慢,50～100日龄则速度增长较快。经100d饲养,平均体长达29．5cm,平均体重达72．54g。 相似文献
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对达氏蝗、史氏鲟人工繁殖时通过水流刺激，在水温8～13℃下，以DOS(自行研制)进行2～3次的注射催熟，再注射自制的类固醉激素17α—羟基—20β双羟基孕酮(以下简称17α—20βp)；在水温16～18℃利用促黄体家释放激素类似物(LHRH—A)，诱导达氏蝗、史氏鲟排卵，排精。效应时间8～18h，获得催产率100％、受精率和杂交受精率如％的效果。采用全人工饲料开口试验和苗种培育试验，并获得86．7％开口成活率和73．4％的苗种成活率。从而达到提高开口率和成活率的目的。观察鲟鲤鱼摄食、生长与形态发育状况。生长曲线表明：不论是体长还是体重，50日龄前增长缓慢，50～100日龄则速度增长较快。经100d饲养，平均体长达28．3cm，平均体重达69．7g。 相似文献
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不同温度、饵料对兴凯湖翘嘴鱼白仔鱼摄食和生长的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本研究了温度和饵料对兴凯湖翘嘴鲌仔鱼的摄食和生长的影响。结果表明：兴凯湖翘嘴鲌仔鱼在不同温度下的生长速度和成活率存在着较大差异，在水温为25℃时仔鱼生长速度最快、成活率最高，18℃时仔鱼生长速度最慢、成活率最低；投喂不同的饵料对兴凯湖翘嘴鲌仔鱼的生长速度和成活率也有较大差异，投喂浮游动物的仔鱼生长速度最快、成活率最高，投喂蛋黄和开口料的仔鱼生长速度最慢、成活率最低。水温为25℃、23℃、20℃、18℃时，仔鱼的瞬时生长率分别为4．09％、2．05％、1．12％、1．08％；仔鱼的日平均成活率分别为90．96％、82．89％、81．78％、74．67％。对兴凯湖翘嘴鲌仔鱼投喂浮游动物、混合料、开口料、蛋黄，其瞬时生长率分别为3．34％、2．42％、1．45％、1．40％；仔鱼日平均成活率分别为95．89％、92．22％、81．11％、83．89％。 相似文献
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施氏鲟苗种培育技术的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1988年用白瓷盆培育施氏鲟苗,成活率为26.55％.1989年用玻璃钢盆和室外水泥池两种方式培育,成活率分别为65.64％和13.3％.本文还讨论了影响施氏鲟苗成活率和生长的几个因素. 相似文献
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延迟投饵对卵形鲳鲮早期仔鱼阶段摄食、成活及生长的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用人工繁殖产生的卵形鲳够（Trachinotus ovatus）初孵仔鱼,在水温（26．8±1．4）℃、盐度28．2±0．8条件下,对延迟投饵0～6d的卵形鲳够仔鱼的摄食、生长及其成活情况进行了研究。结果显示,仔鱼于3Et龄开口,于开口的当天投饵及延迟投饵1、2、3、4和5d,投饵后2h内仔鱼的摄食率分别为15％、30％、50％、25％、15％和5％,每尾鱼的平均摄食量分别为0．4、0．6、1．3、0．6、0．3和0．1个轮虫。延迟投饵6d一组仔鱼的摄食率均为0。延迟投饵0、1和2d各组仔鱼的成活率相差不大,但延迟3d以上仔鱼的成活率急剧下降。卵形鲳鲣仔鱼的初次摄食饥饿不可逆点（PNR）出现在仔鱼开口后4d,开始投喂饵料的最佳时期应在仔鱼开口后的3d之内。 相似文献
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不同盐度驯化模式对施氏鲟生长及摄食的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用逐步增盐法（IG）、阶段增盐法（IT）及盐度突变法（is）3种不同的驯化模式对施氏鲟（Acipenser schrenckii）进行盐度驯化，对3种模式下的特定生长率（SGR）、生长效率（GE）、摄食率（FR）及食物转化率（FCR）进行统计，并与对照组（CT）进行比较分析。结果表明，驯化方法对于施氏鲟的成活率具有较大影响，3种不同驯化模式下的成活率由高到低依次是IT（100％）、IS（93．33％）、IG（85％），各盐度驯化组死亡个体规格均较小。盐度对于施氏鲟的生长具有一定的抑制作用，盐度驯化各组在SGR、GE方面均低于对照组，IS组和IG组SGR与CT组无显著性差异（P〉0．05），IT组显著（P〉0．05）低于CT组。IG、IS、IT组与CT组相比，摄食率有所下降，但无显著差异（P〉0．05）。IG、IT、IS各组FCR均低于对照组，但对照组FCR与IG、IS组没有显著差异，与IT组差异显著（P〈0．05）。结论认为，尽管盐度对于施氏鲟的生长具有一定的影响，但是通过IG及IS方法的驯化，施氏鲟在25盐度下仍然保持一定的生长速度。 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 
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下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
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There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献
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Effect of iodophor disinfection of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs on their bacterial and fungus load 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Franz Lahnsteiner 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(7):3901-3909
This study investigated the efficiency of iodophor disinfection (135 ppm active iodine for 15–30 min) of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs against different groups of bacteria and against fungus. Egg samples were taken from non‐disinfected and from disinfected eggs, microorganisms were cultured on specific nutrient media and their mass was measured by turbidimetric methods. Bacteria and fungus mass of non‐hardened eggs could be reduced but not eliminated by iodophor disinfection with 135 ppm active iodine for 15 min. The extent of reduction was 47–65% (Experiment 1). The efficiency of disinfection increased with disinfection time as the reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was 40–55% after 15 min and 58–74% after 30 min (Experiment 2). Disinfection efficiency of iodophor solution diluted in water (reduction 49–57%) and of iodophor solution diluted in sodium chloride solution iso‐osmolar to the oocytes (reduction 52–61%) was similar (Experiment 3). The reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was persistent as it was 39–72% lower in embryos deriving from disinfected eggs than in embryos deriving from non‐disinfected ones (Experiment 4). In conclusion, the tested disinfection method is inadequate to eliminate pathogens completely but it could positively influence immune defence of eggs and embryos. 相似文献