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本文研究了原产澳大利亚的稀毛棉（Ｇ．ｐｉｌｏｓｕｍ）、皱壳棉（Ｇ．ｃｏｓｔｕｌａｔｕｍ）、杨叶棉（Ｇ．ｐｏｐｕｌｉｆｏｌｉｕｍ）的核型。稀毛棉的核型公式为２ｎ＝２ｘ＝２６＝１６ｍ（４ｓａｔ）＋１０ｓｍ，皱壳棉为２ｎ＝２ｘ＝２６＝１６ｍ（４ｓａｔ）＋１０ｓｍ，杨叶棉为２ｎ＝２ｘ＝２６＝１８ｍ（４ｓａｔ）＋８ｓｍ。随体均有两对，一对位于第１１对染色体的长臂上，另一对位于第１３对染色体的短臂上。平均臂比和长度比分别为稀毛棉１．５３和２．５１、皱壳棉１．５５和２．３１、杨叶棉１．４９和２．３７，其核型均属于Ｓｔｅｂｂｉｎｓ的２Ｂ类型。对称系数稀毛棉为２６．０４，皱壳棉为２７．９３，杨叶棉为２８．３２。三者彼此之间的核型重合率均在９０％以上。核型的同质性说明三者在起源上有很好的一致性 相似文献
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棉属[AG]与[AD]两个复合染色体组种间杂种的同工酶与核型研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对人工合成的［ＡＧ］复合染色体组的异源四倍体与［ＡＤ］复合染色体组的陆地棉、海岛棉、夏威夷棉、黄褐棉的种间杂种Ｆ１及其亲本进行了过氧化物酶同工酶和细胞色素氧化酶同工酶分析，并对三元杂种［Ａ２×Ｇ１］ ×［ＡＤ］１及其亲本进行了核型分析。结果表明：（１）异源四倍体的基因转移到了杂种后代，并得以表达；（ ２）三元杂种［Ａ２ × Ｇ１］ ×［ＡＤ］１的核型公式为 ２ｎ＝ ４ｘ＝ ５２＝ ２Ｍ ＋ ４４ｍ（ＳＡＴ）＋６ｓｍ（ＳＡＴ），属于１Ｂ类型。 相似文献
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研究了玉米８个亚种，２个亚型的核型。所有材料的根尖细胞染色体数目均为２ｎ＝２０，主要由中部和近中部着丝点染色体组成，第６对染色体短臂均具随体。但臂比值不同，可区分为Ａ１（ｍ染色体）、Ａ２（ｓｍ）、Ａ３（ｓｔ）三类。在核型中具中部着丝点染色体的数目，罕见栽培或原始类型多于广泛栽培的类型。玉米各亚种的核型进化的趋势是由对称向不对称方向发展。 相似文献
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甘蓝型油菜-埃塞俄比亚芥二体附加系植株形态及细胞学鉴定 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
从甘蓝型油菜品种“３－６３－４－５－１”与埃塞俄比亚芥品种“Ｄｏｄｏｌｌａ”杂种Ｆ１植株开放受粉获得的Ｆ２群体中筛选出一株半不育、矮杆、甘蓝型油菜类型植株，经连续４个世代自交、分离鉴定出一个二体附加系“９２Ｉ１０９６”。细胞学观察结果，其根尖细胞染色体数２ｎ＝４０，比其母本甘蓝型油菜（２ｎ＝３８）多两条额外染色体。花粉母细胞（ＰＭＣｓ）减数分裂中期（ＭＩ）染色体构型平均为０．４７Ｉ＋１９．７７Ⅱ， 相似文献
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本研究结果表明,用２０－１４０ｍｇ／Ｌ的苄基腺嘌呤（ＢＡ）喷施小麦幼苗２天后,体内乙醇酸氧化酶活性比对照提高１０．７８－６４．７１％,其正相关系数是ｒ＝０．９８３９,其直线回归方程是Ｙ＝０．１００７＋０．０００４８Ｘ。用２０－１４０ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＢＡ喷施小麦２天后,体内过氧化氢酶活性比对照提高１３．６２－２４．２７％,正相关ｒ＝０．９０１５,２０－１００ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＢＡ处理２天后,蛋白质含量升高１４．６ 相似文献
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离子注入诱发棉花过氧化物酶同功酶及农艺性状变异的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文分析了氮离子注入处理棉花种子诱发Ｍ１植株第二真叶过氧化物酶同功酶（ＩＰＯ）变异的遗传表现；Ｍ＝ＩＰＯ和农艺性状变异的频率及类型，探讨了剂量效应及ＩＰＯ变异与农艺性状变异的关系。结果表明：Ｍ１ＩＰＯ变异有些是非遗传的，Ｍ２中ＩＰＯ不同酶带对氨离子注入的敏感性及最佳诱变剂量不同；氮离子注入能诱发较高频率的ＩＰＯ变异及数量性状和多个性状的同时变异，可在较轻的Ｍ１损伤下获得较高的Ｍ２农艺性状变异频率，Ｍ２ＩＰＯ和农艺性状变异频率与Ｍ１ＩＰＯ变异频率的关系可用Ｙ＝Ａ＋ＢＸ＋ＣＸ２来描述。在Ｍ２铃数和早熟性变异株中均可观察到第二真叶ＩＰＯ第８条酶带，而铃重和株高变异株中可观察到第６条酶带。 相似文献
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普通小麦—顶芒山羊草异源附加系的创建和鉴定：Ⅰ.小麦花药培养对创建… 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过顶芒山羊草（Ａｅｇｉｌｏｐｓｃｏｍｏｓａ２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１４，ＭＭ）与波斯小麦（Ｔｒｉｔｉｃｕｍｐｅｒｓｉｃｕｍ２ｎ＝４ｘ＝２８，ＡＡＢＢ）杂交，人工合成遗传上相对稳定的双二倍体（２ｎ＝６ｘ＝４２，ＡＡＢＢＭＭ），以此为桥梁，与普通小麦（Ｔｒｉｔｉｃｕｍａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍ）品种“欧柔”进行正反杂（回）交，借助花药培养过程中能产生非整倍单倍体和非整倍双倍体的特点，在改良Ｃ１７固体培养基上上接种花药，诱 相似文献
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Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
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G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
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Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
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Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
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D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
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Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
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E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf
1) and recessive for the other (Rf
2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph
3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf
1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf
1and Rf
2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf
1, and 0.15 for Lf
1-Sph
3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph
3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf
1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph
3. Poor performance of lf
1- (and possibly lf
2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off). 相似文献
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[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho... 相似文献
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Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
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Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques. 相似文献