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1.
用超声裂解、Sarkosyl处理和超速离心法提取禽大肠埃希氏菌O78强毒株(简称O78)、O78耐氯霉素弱毒株(简称O78^r)、禽多杀性巴氏杆菌5：A强毒株C48-1(简称C48-1)、O78^r与C48-1的融合双价弱毒株F4(简称F4)菌体外膜蛋白(OMP)。经SDS-PAGE结果显示，O78、O78^r、C48-1与F4均有1条分子质量为31．0～43．0 ku，分子质量相近的OMP条带；O78与C48-1还有1条分子质量小于31．0 ku且相近的OMP条带。用OMP制备的油乳剂疫苗分别免疫小白鼠15 d和岭南黄鸡后22 d，以O78、C48-1强毒菌攻击。结果表明O78、C48-1的OMP不但对同源菌具有免疫作用。且具有交叉免疫保护作用；用各自的OMP作包被抗原，建立的ELISA方法也能交叉检测到3组OMP免疫鸡产生的抗2种菌OMP的IgG抗体。  相似文献   

2.
为了研究粗提的禽霍乱荚膜抗原对SPF鸡的免疫保护效果,试验选取了禽多杀性巴氏杆菌C48-1株,制备了粗提的荚膜抗原,将荚膜抗原和铝胶生理盐水按4∶1的比例混合,制备了两批疫苗(批号分别为2017001、2017002),在制备过程中检验了菌液的活菌数及荚膜抗原的蛋白质、SDS含量,并进行无菌检验。将制备的两批疫苗分别免疫21日龄SPF鸡,并于免疫后第21天用C48-1株进行攻菌,攻菌后连续观察7 d,每天记录鸡只死亡及发病情况。结果表明:经检验,两批疫苗蛋白质含量均在2. 0 mg/m L以上,SDS含量均为0. 03%,符合疫苗的质量标准。两批疫苗对42日龄SPF鸡的保护率为70%～80%。说明该疫苗对预防禽霍乱具有较好的效果。  相似文献   

3.
利用禽巴氏杆菌C48-1、C48-2强毒株、禽大肠杆菌O78和O1血清型强毒株及克雷伯菌临床分离株制苗,通过疫苗对鸡的免疫效力试验、疫苗最小免疫剂量试验、疫苗产生坚强免疫力时间的测定、疫苗免疫期的测定和疫苗保存期的测定等,研制出禽霍乱、大肠杆菌病和克雷伯菌病多价蜂胶三联灭活疫苗.结果该三联灭活疫苗安全可靠,免疫原性良好,最小免疫剂量为0.5 mL/只,免疫7 d后产生坚强保护力,疫苗对上述疾病的保护率为100%,免疫期为6个月,4 ℃条件下保存期为9个月.  相似文献   

4.
为评价母源抗体对抗新城疫病毒(NDV)重组鸡痘病毒(rFPV)活疫苗免疫效力的影响,本研究用单表达、共表达NDV基因VII型病毒ZJ1株F、HN基因的rFPV活疫苗rFPV-12LSF、rFPV-12LSHN、rFPV-12LSFHN和油乳剂灭活疫苗分别免疫14日龄商品蛋鸡,rFPV疫苗的免疫剂量均为2×104pfu,免疫后21d分别用106ELD50NDV不同强毒株攻毒。其中F48E8株攻毒的免疫保护率分别为30.3%、73.2%、41.1%;而ZJ1株攻毒的免疫保护率分别为89.3%和35.8%、67.9%、78.6%、100%。用表达鸡IL-2基因的rFPV-12LSIL-2与rFPV-12LSHN联合免疫没有提高rFPV-12LSHN疫苗的免疫保护力。试验结果表明,单表达NDV HN基因的rFPV-12LSHN可作为NDV活疫苗候选株,为NDV重组鸡痘病毒活疫苗的进一步应用性开发奠定了基础。  相似文献   

5.
应用具有良好安全性的鸡病毒性关节炎病毒（AVAV）弱毒JN-1株免疫1日龄肉鸡40只,分别用琼脂扩散试验、间接ELISA和中和试验（NT）检测免疫鸡血清中的AVAV抗体。中和抗体于免疫后7d开始出现,14d后全部阳转;ELISA抗体也于免疫后7d开始显示阳性,21d后全部阳转;琼脂扩散抗体于免疫后14d开始阳转,28d以后全部显示阳性。分别在免疫后7、14、21和 28d于足掌皮下用强毒攻击免疫鸡,临床保护率分别为2/10、9/10、10/ 10、10/10,病理保护率分别为0/10、7/10、9/10、10/10。体外抗病毒谱试验显示,弱毒株的免疫血清能中和AVAV J-1株、S_(1133)株、FDO株和H_(9307)株。上述实验结果表明,AVAV弱毒株具有良好的免疫原性。  相似文献   

6.
用GPV-SF02株作为抗原液,经福尔马林灭活后,与油佐剂混合,制成SF02灭活疫苗。同时将ND灭活疫苗、ND弱毒疫苗和SF02灭活疫苗按不同剂量分别免疫川白鹅和AA鸡,结果用1羽份SF02灭活疫苗免疫的鹅与鸡,能100%抵抗SF02株和F48E9株的攻击;用1羽份ND灭活疫苗免疫的鸡能100%抵抗F48E9株的攻击,而免疫的鹅对F48E9株的抵抗力为60~80%;用1羽份ND弱毒疫苗免疫的鹅,其保护率在0~50%,免疫的鸡则有100%的保护率。  相似文献   

7.
8日龄雏鸡 70只随机分为 A、B组 ,每组 35只。A组 ,转移因子稀释 ND 系苗。B组 ,生理盐水稀释 ND 系苗。免疫途径为点眼、滴鼻。分别在免疫前 (0 d)和免疫后 2 ,4 ,6 ,8,10 ,12 ,14 d和 16 d采用 β-微量法测各组鸡 ND抗体效价。免疫后 2 6 d用 F48E9毒株攻击各组鸡。试验结果表明 ,各组鸡免疫后的抗体水平均呈下降趋势 ,且 A组鸡与 B组鸡免疫后抗体效价在整个免疫期间差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 )。攻毒试验结果显示 :A组的死亡率为 4 2 .3% ,B组的死亡率为 5 9.3%。 A组与 B组的保护率呈极显著差异 (P <0 .0 1)。  相似文献   

8.
本研究采用致病性大肠杆菌O1,O2,O78 三个血清型菌株接种适宜培养基 ,收获菌液 ,经浓缩后 ,与灭活的鸡新城疫Lasota株鸡胚尿囊液混合 ,制备成油乳剂二联灭活疫苗。应用二联灭活疫苗免疫18日龄鸡 ,0.25ml/只 ,皮下注射 ,免疫后21天攻毒测保护力 ,新城疫保护率100 %,大肠杆菌病保护率80 %～100 %,免疫持续期可达4个月 ,产蛋鸡在开产前2～3周免疫二联苗0.5ml/只 ,免疫后6个月ND保护率为100 %,大肠杆菌病保护率为80 %,免疫期可达8个月。安全试验结果 :18日龄雏鸡0.5ml/只 ,120日龄成鸡2ml/只 ,试验鸡全部健活。疫苗在4～8℃保存期为12个月 ,10℃保存期为4个月 ,1998～1999年在全省不同地区、不同品种鸡应用20万羽份 ,取得良好的应用效果  相似文献   

9.
将鸡传染性法代囊病病毒(IBDV)BX株抗原和IBDV高免血清按一定比例混合,初步制备了无菌的鸡传染性法氏囊病免疫复合物疫苗1~5(分别含有32、8、4、0.5及0.125单位IBDV中和抗体),用鸡传染性法氏囊病免疫复合物疫苗1~5及BX株活疫苗分别免疫1日龄低母源抗体水平雏鸡,免疫后9 d观察法氏囊病变,免疫后28 d采血测定IBDV中和抗体,并用强毒攻击,计算各组疫苗保护率。结果显示,免疫后9 d,复合物疫苗1~3免疫组鸡法氏囊正常,复合物疫苗4、5免疫组和BX株活疫苗免疫组分别有2/10、4/10和5/10的试验鸡法氏囊出现了病变;免疫后28 d,复合物疫苗1~5免疫组和BX株活疫苗免疫组IBDV中和抗体效价分别为8.34log2、9.60log2、9.21log2、7.88log2、9.50log2和9.12log2,攻毒保护率分别为90%、100%、100%、80%、90%和80%。试验结果表明鸡传染性法氏囊病免疫复合物疫苗2、3(分别含8、4单位IBDV中和抗体)免疫1日龄低母源抗体水平的雏鸡效果最好,攻毒保护率能达到100%。  相似文献   

10.
鸡致病性大肠杆菌菌毛分型的初步研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
以鸡致病性大肠杆菌F1菌毛特异性单抗1F4－1、2C3、3H3和F11菌毛特异性单抗FA1、FB11作为检测试剂，将111株已知O抗原的鸡致病性大肠杆菌经MD液体培养基连续传代培养后，通过直接玻板凝集法对各菌毛进行初步分型。结果发现F1、F11菌毛与O78、O1及O2三种优势O抗原型菌株之间存在较为明显的相关性，即致病性大肠杆菌主要集中在上。F1、F11菌毛在这三种O抗原型上的总检出率分别为95．6％、75．4％及73．3％。另外，在所检测的111株鸡致病性大肠杆菌中，只表达F1菌毛的大肠杆菌占菌杆总数的33．3％。只表达F11菌毛的大肠杆菌占菌株总数的8．1％，两者都表达的占菌株总数的36％，F1、F11菌毛的总检出率为78．3％。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

16.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

18.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

20.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
  相似文献   

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