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1.
盐酸克林霉素按每公斤体重 11mg单一剂量肌肉注射 ,分别观察了其在健康猪 (n=5 )和链球菌感染猪 (n =5 )体内的药代动力学。用高效液相色谱法测定盐酸克林霉素的血药浓度 ,所得血药浓度 -时间数据采用 MCPKP软件进行分析。在健康猪体内的药代动力学参数如下 :Cmax为 (2 .5 46 43± 0 .2 2 42 ) mg/ L,T1 /2 为 (3.2 10± 0 .795 3) h,AUC为(17.86 5 72± 1.2 5 46 ) m g· h/ L ,Tmax为 (2 .18796± 0 .44 37) h。在链球菌感染猪体内的药代动力学参数如下 :Cmax为(2 .5 5 6 89± 0 .12 45 ) mg/ L ,T1 /2 为 (2 .6 912 3± 0 .8895 2 ) h,AUC为 (12 .0 0 6 5 4± 3.2 5 46 ) mg· h/ L ,Tmax为(1.16 176± 0 .5 436 ) h。  相似文献   

2.
两种盐酸多西环素注射液在猪体内的药代动力学研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
研究制备了两种稳定的20％盐酸多西环素注射液,按10 mg/kg的剂量分别给猪肌肉注射,观察两个制剂在猪体内单剂量肌注的药代动力学特征.结果表明,多西环素在猪体内的药物动力学特征均符合一级吸收二室开放模型,其主要的药物代谢动力学参数:消除半衰期(T1/2β)分别为(3.246±1.04)和(9.631±1.12)h,药时曲线下面积(AUC)为(10.462±0.28)和(17.525±0.14)(μg/mL)*h,达峰时间(Tpeak)及达峰浓度(Cmax)分别为(1.427±0.16)h、(1.465±0.20) μg/mL和(1.694±0.15)h、(1.058±0.09) μg/mL.其中制剂一的血药浓度在给药2h后迅速降低,为普通注射液;与制剂一相比,制剂二能够缓慢释放药物,为长效缓释盐酸多西环素注射液.  相似文献   

3.
为了探究泰地罗新在猪体内的药物动力学特征以及口服生物利用度,本试验通过给猪单次口服和静脉注射泰地罗新,来研究泰地罗新在猪体内的药物动力学特征以及生物利用度。试验结果显示,泰地罗新口服在猪体内吸收半衰期(t1/2ka)为1. 057 h,消除半衰期(t1/2β)为80. 9h,达峰时间(Tmax)为2. 10 h,峰浓度(Cmax)为0. 51μg/m L,其吸收快,消除半衰期长,单次口服给药可长时间维持较高的血药浓度,口服给药在猪体内的生物利用度为72. 9%。研究表明,说泰地罗新在猪体内的口服生物利用度较高,在猪体内分布广,口服和静注的消除半衰期无明显差异,较为适合口服给药。  相似文献   

4.
复方盐酸头孢噻呋混悬剂的药代动力学研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
利用药物动力学的方法考察复方盐酸头孢噻呋混悬剂是否具备缓释长效的特点,同时研究鱼腥草油对头孢噻呋药代动力学的影响。36只SPF大鼠随机平均分成三组:A组单剂量注射复方盐酸头孢噻呋混悬剂,B组单剂量注射盐酸头孢噻呋混悬剂,C组单剂量注射头孢噻呋钠粉针;三组注射剂量均为50 mg/(kg.bw)。采用反相高效液相色谱内标法测定血浆药物浓度,并以DAS2.0药动学程序和SPSS(11.0)统计软件对所得数据进行分析。A、B、C组药时数据均符合一级吸收二室模型(权重=1/cc),主要动力学参数如下:A组:T1/2Ka=(1.253±0.100)h,Tpeak=(2.000±0.000)h,Cmax=(35.203±5.732)mg/L,AUC=(229.51±18.278)mg.h/L;B组:T1/2Ka=(0.341±0.090)h,Tpeak=(1.000±0.000)h,Cmax=(43.919±1.51)mg/L,AUC=(188.488±9.611)mg.h/L;C组:T1/2Ka=(0.044±0.012)h,Tpeak=(0.167±0.000)h,Cmax=(159.091±19.971)mg/L,AUC=(128.554±6.625)mg.h/L。实验数据表明,复方盐酸头孢噻呋混悬剂肌肉注射后,其药物动力学特征表现为吸收缓慢,血药浓度平稳,消除半衰期延长,生物利用度高等特点,在临床上注射1次,连用3 d,可以维持有效血液浓度。  相似文献   

5.
对 5头健康猪口服和静脉注射国产硫酸安普霉素 ,研究其在猪体内的药代动力学和生物利用度。用微生物法测定血清药物浓度 ,结果平均回收率为 99.0 3%,血清最低检测浓度为 0 .0 5 μg/ ml,日内日间变异系数为 2 .2 %～ 5 .0 %,且血清浓度在0 .0 5～ 3μg/ m l范围呈良好线性关系 (r=0 .996 5 )。以 2 0 mg/ kg口服和以 2 0 mg/ kg静脉注射硫酸安普霉素后 ,经 Mcpkp药代动力学计算机程序处理 ,体内药物运转分别符合开放型一室和二室模型 ,生物半衰期 t1 / 2 分别为 (7.36± 1 .5 2 ) h和 (3.1 7± 0 .75 )h;CLB分别为 4 .82 L / kg· h和 0 .1 6 L / kg· h;AUC值分别为 4 .1 4和 1 30 .6 2。口服 :Cmax为 (0 .2 4± 0 .0 3)μg/ ml;Tp为 (5 .1 2±0 .6 1 ) h;T1 / 2 K为 (7.36± 1 .5 2 ) ;生物利用度 (AUCp.0 / AUCi.v)为 (3.1 92 8± 0 .70 4 4 ) %。上述药代动力学数据为动物临床用药提供有价值的理论依据  相似文献   

6.
磺胺间甲氧嘧啶混悬注射液在猪体内的药动学研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
本文比较了磺胺间甲氧嘧啶(SMM)和SMM-Na两种混悬注射液与SMM-Na注射液在猪体内的药物代谢动力学特征,旨在为SMM混悬注射液的开发和注册提供依据。将18头猪随机分成SMM混悬注射液、SMM-Na混悬注射液和SMM-Na注射液3个试验组,按100 mg/kg BW单次肌注给药。HPLC分析血浆中的药物浓度,用MCPKP程序计算动力学参数。3种制剂在猪体内的动力学过程都符合一级吸收二室模型,主要药动学参数如下,SMM混悬注射液:t1/2α(2.86±0.85)h,t1/2β(45.57±8.06)h,AUC(712.04±108.20)mg.L-1.h,Cmax(12.16±0.52)mg/L;SMM-Na混悬注射液:t1/2α(7.90±1.21)h,t1/2β(24.87±12.92)h,AUC(1 489.78±164.63)mg.L-1.h,Cmax(97.86±10.24)mg/L;SMM-Na注射液:t1/2α(0.10±0.04)h,t1/2β(6.20±0.57)h,AUC(1080.83±93.78)mg.L-1.h,Cmax(84.30±4.26)mg/L。SMM混悬注射液虽然消除缓慢,但血药浓度低,有效血药浓度时间短,很难达到临床治疗的要求;SMM-Na混悬注射液血药浓度高,有效血药浓度时间长,是一种较理想的缓释制剂。  相似文献   

7.
本试验以芬苯达唑(FBZ)原料药为对照,考察芬苯达唑微晶体对猪口服给药后FBZ的药动学特征。在0.02~2μg/m L的线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9990。FBZ在猪血浆中的回收率均在70%以上,日内变异系数小于5%,日间变异系数小于10%。芬苯达唑原料组和芬苯达唑微晶体组的主要药物动力学参数为:吸收半衰期(T1/2α)分别为1.65 h和1.07 h,消除半衰期(T1/2β)分别为28.28 h和33.92 h;药时曲线下面积(AUC)分别为29.09μg·h/m L和41.12μg·h/m L。经统计学分析得知,T1/2α、Tp、T1/2β、AUC差异显著(P0.05)。表明芬苯达唑微晶体能够改变芬苯达唑在动物体内的药动学特征,提高芬苯达唑的吸收速度,延长药物在体内的有效作用时间。  相似文献   

8.
18头健康杜洛克×长白×大白杂交猪,分3组,每组6头,通过气管内接种含有猪肺炎支原体的病肺悬液复制疾病模型后,以5.0mg/kg静注、肌注及内服给药进行环丙沙星药物动力学研究.高效液相色谱法测定血浆中药物浓度.MCPKP药物动力学程序处理药时数据.结果显示感染猪静注给药的药时数据适合二室开放模型,t1/2α为0.59 h,t1/2β为3.52 h,Vd(area)为3.21 L/kg,ClB为0.645 L/(ks·h).感染猪肌注和内服给药后的药时数据则适合一级吸收一室模型,t1/2ka分别为0.09、0.31 h;tmax分别为0.46、1.41 h;Cmax分别为1.67、0.35 mg/L;F分别为97.30%、34.66%.上述结果表明,支原体性肺炎对环丙沙星静注给药在猪体内的分布有一定影响,但对其消除过程的影响不大;与健康猪比较,感染猪肌注给药的峰浓度、药时曲线下面积及生物利用度均显著提高,而内服给药的峰浓度、药时曲线下面积及生物利用度均显著降低.  相似文献   

9.
《中国兽医学报》2017,(5):883-887
将18头健康成年中国荷斯坦奶牛随机分成高、中、低3组,每组每头分别肌肉注射氨基丁三醇前列腺素F2α注射液10(50mg),5(25mg),2.5mL(12.5mg),采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定血药浓度,用残数法逐头奶牛拟合药动学曲线方程并计算药动学参数,研究氨基丁三醇前列腺素F2α在奶牛体内的药代动力学。结果表明,药时数据符合有吸收一室模型,高,中,低组的主要药动学参数:吸收速率常数Ka分别为(18.22±2.17),(15.30±0.64),(20.09±5.03)h-1;吸收半衰期t1/2Ka分别为(0.04±0.004),(0.05±0.002),(0.04±0.01)h;分布和消除速率常数Ke分别为(1.32±0.14),(1.27±0.12),(1.40±0.16)h-1;消除半衰期t1/2Ke分别为(0.53±0.06),(0.55±0.05),(0.50±0.06)h;达峰时间tmax均为0.17h;达峰质量浓度Cmax分别为(6.34±0.59),(5.94±0.27),(4.81±0.16)μg/L;药时曲线下面积AUC0~t分别为(14.40±2.19),(10.14±1.07),(13.15±4.34)μg/(L·h)。奶牛单剂量肌肉注射氨基丁三醇前列腺素F2α注射液后,机体对药物吸收迅速,消除快,浓度约10min达到峰值,100min后达到注射前的水平。根据药时曲线峰浓度,AUC值及相关的临床药效学试验结果,建议临床使用剂量为5mL(25mg)。  相似文献   

10.
环丙沙星在猪体内的生物利用度及药物动力学   总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11  
18 头健康长白×大白×杜洛克杂交猪,分3 组,每组6 头,按5 m g/kg 的剂量进行了静注、肌注及内服环丙沙星的药动学研究。高效液相色谱法测定血浆中药物的质量浓度,MCPKP药代动力学程序处理药时数据。静注给药时,环丙沙星体内分布快且广泛,消除较慢,t1/2α为(0.35±0.19) h,t1/2β为(3.15±0.57) h,Vd(area)为(3.24±0.51) L/kg,ClB 为(0.73±0.15) L/(kg·h- 1 )。肌注和内服给药时,环丙沙星均吸收较快,但内服吸收速度和程度均不及肌注给药,t1/2ka 分别为(0.23±0.15)、(0.38±0 .21) h,tm ax 分别为(0.63±0.31)、(1.39±0.39) h,Cm ax 分别为(1.31±0.34)、(0.60±0.14) m g/L,生物利用度(F)分别为(77.96±5.89)% 、(51.58±5.69)% 。本研究发现,环丙沙星肌注和内服给药的消除半衰期与静注给药相似,分别为(3.45±0.66)、(3.32±0.96) h,与在其他哺乳动物的动力学特征有所不同。  相似文献   

11.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

12.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

13.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

14.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

15.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

16.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
  相似文献   

17.
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.  相似文献   

18.
Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein  相似文献   

19.
正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in  相似文献   

20.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

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