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1.
在直径2m的圆形玻璃钢槽内,水深0.3m,弱光,水温6～16℃下,详细观察了江鳕（Lota lota Linnaeus）胚后发育过程。结果表明,依形态发育,将出膜后的江鳕发育分为两个阶段（仔鱼期和稚鱼期）11个发育期。仔鱼期分为卵黄囊期仔鱼和后期仔鱼,历时62d;卵黄囊期仔鱼由单独依靠内源营养至混合营养过程,包括孵出期、胸鳍形成期、鳃弧期、鳔形成期和腹鳍形成期,历时31d;后期仔鱼从卵黄囊和油球消失,仔鱼完全依靠外源营养到各鳍基本形成为止,包括卵黄消失期、尾鳍形成期、背鳍分化期和臀鳍形成期,历时31d。稚鱼期包括鳞片出现期和鳞片形成期,历时5d。卵黄囊期仔鱼生长发育缓慢,后期仔鱼期和稚鱼期生长发育较快。 相似文献
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本文研究了绿鳍马面鲀(Thamnaconus septentrionalis)胚后早期发育各阶段可观、可量和可数性状的变化。结果显示,在水温为(23.0±1.0) ℃条件下,1 d出现胸鳍;4 d卵黄囊消失,鳔基和第1背鳍鳍基清晰可见;7 d油球消失,出现腹鳍;8 d第1背鳍鳍基和腹鳍出膜;9 d披透明圆形小鳞;12 d鳔和腹两侧后匙骨清晰可见;14 d出现第2背鳍支鳍骨和臀鳍支鳍骨;16 d披锥形小鳞,上、下颌出现锥形齿;19 d分化出第2背鳍鳍条和臀鳍鳍条;20 d尾柄下侧长出尾鳍鳍条;24 d时,第2背鳍、臀鳍和尾鳍的鳍条形态发育完全;27 d鳔大量充气。可量性状变化的曲线方程 R2 值均>0.90,第1背鳍鳍高,4~30 d呈指数递增;视囊0~11 和11~20 d为线性递增,0~11 d递增程度<11~20 d,21~30 d为指数递增;口裂4~13和22~30 d为线性递增,13~22 d为线性递减;全长、体长、体高和矢耳石直径等拐点前为线性递增,拐点后为指数递增,拐点集中在19~23 d。初孵仔鱼共27对肌节,头部6对,躯体21对;仔鱼末期,第2背鳍支鳍骨数为31~36根,臀鳍支鳍骨数为33~35根;稚鱼末期,第2背鳍和臀鳍鳍条数与支鳍骨数相对应,胸鳍鳍条数为15~18根,尾鳍鳍条数为12根;早期幼鱼45 d时,鳍条分节明显,第2背鳍鳍条2节,臀鳍鳍条3节,尾鳍鳍条为7~10节,50 d躯体4~5条黑色条带。研究较详尽地描述了绿鳍马面鲀胚后早期发育各阶段的形态特征,丰富了绿鳍马面鲀胚后早期发育基础资料,可为其苗种繁育提供指导。 相似文献
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为建立多纹钱蝶鱼(Selenotoca multifasciata)人工繁育技术, 为其生产性育苗工艺和管理技术的建立提供科学依据, 采用人工养殖的多纹钱蝶鱼经人工催产获得受精卵, 对胚胎及胚后发育阶段进行了连续观察、拍照和测量。结果显示, 水温(27.0±1.0) ℃, 盐度 32 条件下, 多纹钱蝶鱼从受精卵发育, 经 18 h 20 min 出膜, 受精后 3 h 进入囊胚期, 4.5 h 进入原肠期, 8 h 进入胚体形成期, 8.5 h 进入器官形成期, 器官形成顺序为视囊期、尾泡形成期、肌节期、脑泡期、耳囊期、尾芽期、尾鳍期、晶体形成期、耳石形成期, 16.5 h 出现心跳, 17.5 h 出现肌肉效应, 18.5 h 完成出膜。多纹钱蝶鱼胚后发育分为仔鱼期、稚鱼期和幼鱼期, 初孵仔鱼全长 1.350~1.655 mm; 水温 26 ℃下, 出膜后 2 d 卵黄囊完全消失; 出膜后 3 d 仔鱼开口, 口裂 0.265~0.280 mm; 出膜后 15 d, 鱼体体色加深, 进入稚鱼期; 19 d, 胸鳍发育完全; 23 d, 背鳍发育完全; 29 d, 尾鳍、臀鳍发育完全; 33 d, 鱼身上鳞片基本长出, 身体不再透明, 发育至幼鱼期, 此时全长 15.625~15.647 mm, 体长 12.013~12.234 mm, 体重 0.045~0.059 g, 心跳 150~159 次/min。 相似文献
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对七带石斑鱼胚胎和仔稚鱼发育过程进行了观察,描述了从受精卵到仔稚鱼各发育时期的形态特征;在水温22±0.5℃、盐度30条件下进行七带石斑鱼仔鱼的饥饿耐受力实验,记录了饥饿条件下初孵仔鱼的存活与生长、卵黄囊与油球的利用情况。结果表明,胚胎发育可划分为卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期、神经胚期和器官形成期。在水温20.5±0.5℃、盐度30.0条件下,受精卵历时38h45min孵化出膜。初孵仔鱼全长1.059±0.071mm,至4日龄全长2.27～2.36mm时,卵黄囊完全消失;16日龄,全长4.99mm时,鳔形成;至25～30日龄,尾鳍鳍条发育完整。在饥饿条件下,初孵仔鱼的死亡高峰出现在孵化后4～6d,半数死亡时间出现在5d,至7d饥饿仔鱼全部死亡。卵黄囊期仔鱼的生长可分为3个阶段:仔鱼初孵时的快速生长期,卵黄囊消失前后的慢速生长期,以及在不能建立外源性摄食后的负生长期。随着生长发育时间的延长,饥饿仔鱼与正常条件下仔鱼的生长差异显著(P<0.05)。饥饿仔鱼体长较短,头大且体瘦,长期饥饿后脑后部下陷。 相似文献
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为探明拉氏■仔稚鱼发育生物学特性及适宜下塘时间,对拉氏■进行了胚后仔稚鱼发育显微观察、仔鱼饥饿试验和仔鱼下塘试验。胚后仔稚鱼发育观察结果显示,水温16～18℃,拉氏■初孵仔鱼全长(4.69±0.37)mm,卵黄囊全长(3.12±0.10)mm,2日龄眼点变黑,5日龄消化道开始贯通,6日龄仔鱼鳔一室开始充气,7日龄脊索末端开始弯曲,仔鱼开口摄食,9日龄卵黄囊消失,12日龄鳔二室形成,21日龄仔鱼鳔二室充气,23日龄仔鱼背鳍、臀鳍开始形成,27日龄仔鱼腹鳍开始形成,至35日龄仔鱼各鳍发育完善。仔鱼饥饿不可逆点试验结果表明,16～18℃,拉氏■仔鱼开口第1天(7日龄)初次摄食率为36.36%,9日龄达最高初次摄食率85.71%,饥饿不可逆时间临界点为仔鱼14日龄,此时仔鱼摄食率为40.91%。仔鱼开口前全长(L)与日龄(t)符合von-Bertalanffy生长方程:L=8.0031[1-e(-0.3139(t+2.8093))]。拉氏■适宜下塘试验结果表明,水温14.5～20.1℃,池塘轮虫生物量8.30～18.58mg/L,拉氏■仔鱼最高成活下塘时间、体质量增长的适... 相似文献
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广东池塘培育条石鲷仔、稚、幼鱼的早期发育和生长 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了在广东饶平池塘人工培育的条石鲷（ Oplegnathus fasciatus）仔、稚、幼鱼的形态发育和生长特性。条石鲷初孵的0日龄仔鱼全长（1.8755±0.060）mm,卵黄囊长径（0.739±0.135）mm,短径（0.489±0.089）mm。在水温为22~23℃的前期培育条件下,3日龄仔鱼的卵黄被完全吸收,而到第4天,仅见到卵黄囊残余物。混合营养期仅1 d。在水温为24~27℃、盐度29~30、pH 7.4~8.2条件下,3日龄的仔鱼已开口,但仍不能主动摄食,4日龄仔鱼便进入了外源性营养阶段。8日龄鳃弓形成,12日龄尾椎弯曲,25~30日龄仔鱼的背鳍、胸鳍、腹鳍、臀鳍、尾鳍先后出现,鳞片出现,进入稚鱼期。40日龄时进入幼鱼期,全身覆盖鳞片,条带全部形成,形态与成鱼相似。全长、体长、体质量和体高随日龄的生长速度均呈显著的指数函数关系,体高/全长之比在0~5日龄时急剧下降,随后逐渐增高,20日龄后趋于平缓。 相似文献
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厚颌鲂胚后发育观察 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
以人工繁殖所得的仔鱼为材料,观察了厚颌鲂胚后发育过程,对各个发育期的形态特征进行了描述。结果表明,厚颌鲂胚后发育过程可划分为2个阶段16个时期。初孵仔鱼平均全长(4.78±1.12)mm,肌节数43对。孵出后115.5h卵黄吸尽,仔鱼完全依赖于外源性营养,进入晚期仔鱼阶段,此时仔鱼全长(7.11±0.90)mm。发育至47d时开始出现鳞片,标志着进入了幼鱼阶段,此时全长(19.75±3.71)mm。在22.2~25.0℃条件下经过68d的发育,全长(31.82±3.87)mm的鱼苗,鳞片出齐,基本具备成鱼特征。在胚后发育过程中,鱼体长度生长、鱼体长度性状间的比例关系并不相同,其中,孵出期的生长速度最大;肛后长/全长比例随胚后发育逐渐增加,最后稳定在45%左右;体长/体高比值逐渐减小,并逐渐与成鱼的比例接近。 相似文献
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《渔业科学进展》2016,(6)
采用显微观察、拍照、测量的方法,对太平洋鳕(Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius)人工培育苗种各阶段仔鱼的发育(0–80 dph day post hatching)进行了研究。结果显示,在水温为2–12℃、盐度为28–32、p H为7.8–8.2、光照为800–1200 lx、微充气静水的培育条件下,太平洋鳕早期仔鱼发育主要特征为:0–5 dph仔鱼完全营内源性营养,1 dph仔鱼黑色素沉积较初孵仔鱼颜色加深,眼球出现彩虹色素,5 dph仔鱼消化道已打通(除肝脏外);6 dph仔鱼开口摄食,消化道内有小颗粒物质,营混合性营养;9 dph大部分仔鱼卵黄囊吸收完毕,消化道内充满褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis),进入外源性营养期,血细胞流动清晰可见;12 dph仔鱼头部黄色色素带明显;15 dph仔鱼黑色素和黄色素密集,鳔器官开始形成;17 dph仔鱼开始出现彩虹色素;20 dph仔鱼眼球发育完善,腹动脉可观察到明显的血流,鱼体尾部色素点开始出现;30–50 dph仔鱼各鳍条雏形发育;30 dph仔鱼尾鳍鳍条开始发育;40 dph仔鱼开始摄食卤虫(Artemia sp.),第1、2、3背鳍已出现雏形;50 dph仔鱼尾椎骨开始上翘,臀鳍、背鳍雏形已清晰可见;60–80 dph仔鱼色素细胞进一步发育,各鳍条逐步发育完善,胆囊清晰可见;60 dph仔鱼鳃部呈现红色;70 dph仔鱼腹部有银白色鳞片雏形出现;80 dph仔鱼鳃盖已基本发育完善,腹鳍出现。本研究对太平洋鳕仔稚鱼发育过程进行了描述,可为后续规模化人工繁育的开展提供基础数据。 相似文献
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本文研究辽河水系洛氏Phoxinus lagowskii lagowskii仔、稚鱼形态发育和早期生长。结果表明:在18.8~27.2℃下,洛氏初孵仔鱼全长为(4.46±0.43)mm,4日龄的仔鱼鳔一室,5日龄时开始摄食,6日龄卵黄囊完全吸收,13日龄时鳔二室,32日龄时各鳍发育完成;36日龄时开始出现鳞片;58日龄时除头部外全身被鳞,进入幼鱼期。根据卵黄囊、运动器官和鳞片的变化,洛氏早期发育可分为卵黄囊期(孵出0~5d)、后期仔鱼(6~35d)和稚鱼期(36~58d)。曲线拟合表明,卵黄囊体积(V)和全长(LT)与日龄(d)均呈二次多项式关系,相关方程分别为:V=0.0063d2-0.0870d+0.2863(R2=0.8167),LT=0.0083d2+0.2351d+4.8759(R2=0.9544);体质量(W)与日龄(d)呈指数函数关系:W=0.0006e0.1317d(R2=0.9719)。 相似文献
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采用显微观察、拍照、测量的方法,对太平洋鳕(Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius)人工培育苗种各阶段仔鱼的发育(0-80 dph day post hatching)进行了研究.结果显示,在水温为2-12℃、盐度为28-32、pH为7.8-8.2、光照为800-1200 Ix、微充气静水的培育条件下,太平洋鳕早期仔鱼发育主要特征为:0-5 dph仔鱼完全营内源性营养,1 dph仔鱼黑色素沉积较初孵仔鱼颜色加深,眼球出现彩虹色素,5 dph仔鱼消化道已打通(除肝脏外);6dph仔鱼开口摄食,消化道内有小颗粒物质,营混合性营养;9dph大部分仔鱼卵黄囊吸收完毕,消化道内充满褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis),进入外源性营养期,血细胞流动清晰可见;12dph仔鱼头部黄色色素带明显;15dph仔鱼黑色素和黄色素密集,鳔器官开始形成;17dph仔鱼开始出现彩虹色素;20 dph仔鱼眼球发育完善,腹动脉可观察到明显的血流,鱼体尾部色素点开始出现;30-50 dph仔鱼各鳍条雏形发育;30 dph仔鱼尾鳍鳍条开始发育;40dph仔鱼开始摄食卤虫(Artemia sp.),第1、2、3背鳍已出现雏形;50dph仔鱼尾椎骨开始上翘,臀鳍、背鳍雏形已清晰可见;60-80 dph仔鱼色素细胞迸一步发育,各鳍条逐步发育完善,胆囊清晰可见;60 dph仔鱼鳃部呈现红色;70dph仔鱼腹部有银白色鳞片雏形出现;80dph仔鱼鳃盖已基本发育完善,腹鳍出现.本研究对太平洋鳕仔稚鱼发育过程进行了描述,可为后续规模化人工繁育的开展提供基础数据. 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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