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1.
金黄色葡萄球菌是引起奶牛乳房炎的主要致病菌之一,为调查引起新疆石河子地区规模化奶牛场奶牛乳房炎中金黄色葡萄球菌的感染情况及其对常用药物的敏感性,于石河子地区部分奶牛场采集85份临床型或隐性乳房炎奶牛的奶样进行金黄色葡萄球菌的分离、鉴定及耐药性试验。结果表明:从85份奶样中分离到9种共计127株细菌,经选择性培养基培养、生化试验和16S rRNA PCR鉴定,其中60株为金黄色葡萄球菌,占47.24%;还有腐生葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、链球菌属、假单胞杆菌属、肠球菌属等。药敏试验结果表明:所有菌株对杆菌肽、青霉素、头孢氨苄和强力霉素高度耐药,耐药率分别为100%、71.67%、66.67%和76.67%;对氯霉素、氟苯尼考和阿米卡星的敏感率分别达80.00%、83.33%和66.67%;除此之外也有一些菌株对新霉素表现为既不明显耐药也不敏感现象。  相似文献   

2.
[目的] 了解泰州市某奶牛场乳房炎中金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus）感染情况及其对常用药物的敏感性。[方法] 试验选用Baird-Parker培养基分离、生化鉴定、PCR检测等方法,对采集的9份奶牛乳房炎奶样进行分离鉴定和药敏试验。[结果] 共分离到6株葡萄球菌,进一步通过凝固酶试验和16S rDNA测序等方法鉴定其中3株为金黄色葡萄球菌。药敏试验结果显示,3株金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素G均耐药,2株对四环素耐药,2株对红霉素和苯唑西林表现为中介。[结论] 该次分离的金黄色葡萄球菌主要对青霉素G和四环素耐药,对其他常用抗生素表现为敏感。  相似文献   

3.
为了调查内蒙古某牛场隐性乳房炎奶牛牛乳中金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的分布情况及其对常用临床抗菌药物的耐药性,试验采集该牛场102份乳样,应用兰州乳房炎检测法检测奶牛隐性乳房炎,并对乳样中2种病原菌进行分离鉴定、药敏试验。结果表明:采集的102份乳样中有35份呈隐性乳房炎阳性,其中重度隐性乳房炎8份,中度隐性乳房炎11份,轻度隐性乳房炎16份,奶牛隐性乳房炎的检出率为34.31%(35/102)。从102份乳样中共分离得到20株大肠杆菌和15株金黄色葡萄球菌,20株大肠杆菌对庆大霉素、美罗培南、环丙沙星、磷霉素敏感,对四环素、头孢他啶、氟苯尼考的耐药率分别为5%(1/20)、5%(1/20)、50%(10/20);15株金黄色葡萄球菌对四环素、万古霉素、氟苯尼考敏感,对泰妙菌素、青霉素、苯唑西林、红霉素、卡那霉素的耐药率分别为33.3%(5/15)、53.3%(8/15)、46.7%(7/15)、6.7%(1/15)、13.3%(2/15)。说明庆大霉素、美罗培南、环丙沙星、磷霉素、万古霉素可以作为该奶牛场的候选药物。  相似文献   

4.
为了解新疆某规模化牛场奶牛乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌的感染情况以及对常用抗生素药物的敏感程度。从该牛场采集50份乳样,采用细菌分离培养、16S rRNA鉴定、生化鉴定等方法对菌株进行分离鉴定;使用药敏纸片对已鉴定菌株进行药物敏感试验;从50份乳样中,分离出了16株金黄色葡萄球菌,分离率为32%;分离出1株大肠杆菌,分离率为2%。将16株金黄色葡萄球菌进行药敏试验。结果显示,氨苄西林的耐药率高达100%,庆大霉素和克林霉素也产生了较低的耐药性,其耐药率均为6.25%,而恩诺沙星、头孢噻呋、呋喃妥因、多西环素等具有较强的抗菌活性,其敏感率均高于80%,本试验为牛场预防乳房以及临床用药提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

5.
对呼和浩特市周边患有奶牛乳房炎的50份奶样进行细菌分离鉴定、致病性评估及药敏试验,初步探讨奶牛乳房炎主要致病菌的耐药特征,比较蒙药与抗生素的抗菌差异。试验结果显示:患有奶牛乳房炎的奶样检出金黄色葡萄球菌18株,占分离菌的37%;链球菌13株,占分离菌的27%;大肠杆菌17株,占分离菌的35%。药敏试验结果表明,金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌对青霉素、头孢噻吩、阿莫西林、克林霉素等药物不敏感,耐药率达到88%以上;而链球菌对青霉素及克林霉素、链霉素不敏感,耐药率达到84.6%以上,对环丙沙星、红霉素、四环素等中度敏感或不敏感。2种蒙药复方对奶牛常见致病菌的抑菌圈直径均大于15.56 mm。在奶牛乳房炎常见菌对青霉素类、头孢类、林可酰胺类药物产生一定的耐药性的情况下,2种蒙药复方对奶牛乳房炎常见菌具有良好的抗菌作用,无耐药性。  相似文献   

6.
为了解辽宁部分地区奶牛隐性乳房炎葡萄球菌的耐药性,采用生化鉴定试验对采集的奶牛隐性乳房炎阳性乳样进行了葡萄球菌的鉴定,采用肉汤微量稀释法测定葡萄球菌分离株对22种抗菌药物的敏感性。结果显示,31株奶牛隐性乳房炎葡萄球菌分离株对22种抗菌药物均产生了不同程度的耐药性,对氨苄西林、苯唑西林、青霉素、头孢氨苄、头孢唑林、林可霉素及磺胺甲噁唑耐药率为100%,对喹诺酮类药物敏感。100%葡萄球菌分离株同时耐5类以上(含5类)抗菌药物,以耐7类抗菌药物为主,占38.7%,其余依次为5耐、6耐及8耐,比率分别为35.5%、19.4%和6.5%。  相似文献   

7.
为调查北京某牛场乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药性,采集该牛场48头奶牛的乳头涂抹点、牛乳、粪便以及卧床土等200份样品进行金黄色葡萄球菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验,共检出可疑菌株142株,并通过耐热核酸酶试验、触酶试验、凝固酶试验等确定出致病性金黄色葡萄球菌47株。药敏试验结果表明,分离的47株菌株对多种药物具有不同程度的耐受性,对牛场常用药青霉素的耐药率高达83%,对氨苄西林、链霉素的耐药率分别为60%、53%,已具有较高的耐药性,建议不再经常使用;氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星、环丙沙星、庆大霉素、万古霉素、头孢哌酮、头孢唑啉、头孢噻吩、阿米卡星等具有较强的抗菌活性(S﹥80%),可用于奶牛乳房炎的临床用药。本研究结果为该牛场在对乳房炎致病性金黄色葡萄球菌的诊断及治疗药物的选择方面提供了技术服务。  相似文献   

8.
为调查上海地区奶牛乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药性,采集上海地区乳房炎患病乳样60 份,进行金黄色葡萄球菌的分离鉴定及药敏实验。结果表明：经分离鉴定,共检出8 株金黄色葡萄球菌,分离率为13.33%;药敏实验结果表明,分离得到的金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素G和氨苄西林的耐药率最高,均为100.00%,对磺胺甲恶唑的耐药率次之,为50.00%,对头孢克洛、头孢唑肟、洛美沙星、诺氟沙星、四环素、庆大霉素、红霉素、克林霉素和氯霉素的耐药率均为37.50%,对环丙沙星和氧氟沙星的耐药率均为25.00%,对头孢噻肟、头孢他啶  相似文献   

9.
猪粪便中致病性病原菌检测与耐药性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为了检测猪粪便中的致病微生物并分析其耐药性,试验采用细菌分离培养、生化试验、16S rRNA PCR检测与测序、致病性试验等方法对从镇江地区不同养猪场采集的100份粪便样品进行病原菌鉴定,采用K-B药敏纸片法测定致病性病原菌的耐药性。结果表明:从100份粪便样品中分离得到大肠杆菌25株、沙门氏菌17株、金黄色葡萄球菌15株,其中致病性大肠杆菌20株,致病性沙门氏菌15株,致病性金黄色葡萄球菌10株;分离菌16S rRNA PCR扩增得到大小约为1 492 bp的目的条带;57株分离株的PCR产物测序结果与GenBank中参考株基因序列的同源性高于97.0%;致病性大肠杆菌对阿莫西林、环丙沙星、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶等12种药物的耐药率在65.0%～95.0%之间,致病性沙门氏菌对阿莫西林、氟苯尼考、庆大霉素等12种药物的耐药率在46.7%～100%之间,致病性金黄色葡萄球菌对阿莫西林、庆大霉素、氟苯尼考等9种药物的耐药率在50.0%～100%之间,且存在多重耐药性。  相似文献   

10.
为了解奶牛场乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus,S.aureus)的耐药性,并对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)的耐药基因进行研究,本研究采集奶牛场临床型乳房炎奶样89份进行金黄色葡萄球菌分离鉴定及药敏试验,采用K-B法检测其对常用13种抗生素的敏感性;利用双重PCR扩增MRSA的nuc基因和mec A耐药基因;应用基因外重复回文序列(repetitive extragenic palindromic elements,REP)PCR对分离菌株进行基因多样性分析。结果显示,共分离到16株MRSA;在监测的13种药物中,耐药率超过50%的达到10种,其中对头孢曲松(CRO)、头孢噻肟(CTX)、环丙沙星(CIP)和亚胺培南(IPM)耐药率高达93.75%(15/16),但未见对头孢呃酮(SCF)耐药的分离菌株;耐药基因检测结果显示,16株菌中都携带有mec A耐药基因,除1株外其他15株分离菌都携带特异致病nuc基因。REP-PCR把分离菌株分为13种基因型(A-M),同源性≥90%的只有6株菌。研究结果表明,奶牛乳房炎金黄葡萄球菌的多重耐药比较严重,分子多样性复杂,mec A是其耐甲氧西林类药物的重要机制,本研究为MRSA耐药菌的有效检测及奶牛乳房炎的治疗提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

16.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

18.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

20.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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