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[目的]探索17味中药及其复方对奶牛乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌的体外抑菌效果。[方法]本试验以山东省某奶牛场患乳房炎奶牛乳样中分离和保存的金黄色葡萄球菌作为研究对象,采用药敏试验和试管二倍稀释法,分别确定金黄葡萄球菌对17味中药的药物敏感性,测定最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（MBC）,以此选取对金黄色葡萄球菌高度敏感的中药两两组合制成双联中药复方,并采用微量肉汤稀释棋盘法测定双联中药复方对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC,计算双联中药复方的分级抑菌浓度（FIC）。[结果]黄芩、连翘和五倍子3味中药对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌表现为高度敏感;黄芩对金黄色葡萄球菌MIC和MBC的检测结果分别为7.813 mg/mL和15.625 mg/mL;连翘和五倍子2味中药对金黄色葡萄球菌MIC和MBC的检测结果分别为15.625 mg/mL和31.25 mg/mL;黄芩+连翘、黄芩+五倍子、连翘+五倍子3种双联中药复方对金黄色葡萄球菌MIC的检测结果均为15.625 mg/mL,且双联中药间均表现无关作用。[结论]对奶牛乳房炎金黄色葡萄球抑菌效果较好的单味中药组成复方后,其抑菌效果未必增强。 相似文献
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试验旨在筛选抑制鸡源禽致病性大肠杆菌（Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli,APEC）O78地方流行株的有效中药。采用打孔法测定39味中药及其复方对APEC的抑菌效果,使用二倍稀释法测定其最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（MBC）。结果表明：39味中药中有9味中药对APEC有一定的抑菌效果,其中五味子、洛神花和黄柏对APEC高度敏感,MIC依次为31.25、31.25、500 mg/mL,MBC依次为62.5、125、500 mg/mL;蒲公英、红花和石榴皮中度敏感,MIC与MBC均大于或等于500 mg/mL;丹皮、何首乌和荷叶低度敏感;其余中药无抑菌效果。复方中五味子+洛神花配伍药效最好,MIC与MBC分别为31.25 mg/mL与125 mg/mL。说明在39味中药中五味子、黄柏、洛神花和复方五味子+洛神花（1∶1）对APEC有比较好的体外抑菌能力。 相似文献
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试验根据中兽医治疗奶牛乳房炎的辨证施治原则,筛选出抑制引起奶牛乳房炎主要病原菌（金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌）的最佳中药组方,为其临床防治提供新的途径与方法。选用蒲公英、马齿苋、金银花、紫花地丁、赤芍、白芍、菊花、黄芩、漏芦、红花10味中药,通过L12（211）正交试验初步筛选抗菌中药组方中的最佳优选因素,再通过L16（45）正交试验进一步筛选药物组方配比;采用牛津杯法测定中药组方对奶牛乳房炎主要致病菌的体外抑菌效果;采用二倍稀释法和平板计数法分别测定中药组方对奶牛乳房炎主要致病菌最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（MBC）。结果显示,通过L12（211）正交试验初步筛选出了抗菌中药组方最佳优选因素：赤芍、黄芩、红花、菊花和白芍;L16（45）正交试验进一步筛选药物组方最佳配比为黄芩：赤芍：菊花：白芍：红花=3：3：3：1：2;新药组方对大肠杆菌的抑菌直径为17.39 mm,MIC和MBC分别为62.50、125.00 mg/mL,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌直径为25.44 mm,MIC和MBC均为31.25 mg/mL。本研究成功筛选出了一种对奶牛乳房炎主要致病菌具有良好抑菌、杀菌作用的中药新配比组方。 相似文献
4.
采用索氏提取,超声波和水煎煮方法提取夏枯草等14味中药的有效部位,应用二倍试管稀释法分别测定其提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（MBC）。结果显示,夏枯草、虎杖、何首乌、连翘、柴胡、穿心莲、地榆7味中药有效部位对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌活性最强,其MIC为1．953～3lI250g／L,MBC为3．90～31．25g／L;佛手、黄柏2味中药有效部位具有较强的体外抗菌活性,其MIC值为62．5g／L,MBC值为125．0g／L;大青叶、板蓝根、金银花、杜仲、白头翁5味中药有效部位的抗菌活性较差,其MIC值为125．0g／L,MBC值为250．0,≥250．0g／L。不同中药有效部位对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌活性有所差异,其中夏枯草、虎杖、何首乌、地榆和佛手有效部位对金黄色葡萄球菌具有较好的抗菌活性。 相似文献
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研究苏木、黄连、石榴皮等20味中药对大肠杆菌的体外抑菌作用。采用水提法制备20味中药的提取物,通过试管二倍稀释法测定20味中药水提取物对大肠杆菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC);再将20味中药组成药对,进行联合抑菌,测定药对的MIC和MBC,计算其部分抑菌浓度指数(FIC)。结果表明,20味中药中,黄连、苏木抑菌效果最佳,MIC均为6.250 mg/mL,茯苓、山楂、火麻仁抑菌效果最差,其MIC和MBC均大于400.000 mg/mL。联合抑菌的28组药对中,苏木与石榴皮、石榴皮与黄柏、石榴皮与黄芩、地榆与苏木、地榆与乌梅、地榆与花椒、地榆与黄柏、火麻仁与旋覆花、旋覆花与山楂等9组药对均呈现协同作用,石榴皮与黄连、石榴皮与乌梅均呈现拮抗作用,其他药对呈现相加或无关作用。说明对大肠杆菌抑菌作用强的单味中药与其他中药联合,其抑菌效果未必会增强。 相似文献
8.
溪黄草水提物及其复方对细菌的抑制效果观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了评价溪黄草及其复方对细菌的体外抑制效果,以水作为浸提溶剂,通过试管二倍稀释法测定溪黄草水提物对金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、乙型副伤寒沙门氏菌、变形杆菌、大肠埃希氏菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、阴沟肠杆菌和绿脓杆菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)与最小杀菌浓度(MBC),并将溪黄草水提物与五倍子、金银花、大青叶、黄芩、五味子、秦皮等中药水提物组成复方,测定中药复方对大肠杆菌的体外抑菌效果。结果表明,溪黄草水提取物对G+菌的体外抑菌效果较强(MIC为25-100 mg/m L),对G-菌的体外抑菌效果相对较弱(MIC为50-400 mg/m L),其中对表皮葡萄球菌的抑菌效果最强(MIC为25 mg/m L)。提示溪黄草水提物与其他中药水提物分别组成复方后,大部分复方对大肠杆菌的抑制作用有所增强。 相似文献
9.
《中兽医医药杂志》2019,(2)
为了探讨白头翁散对不同细菌的体外抑菌效果,本试验采用水提法分别提取白头翁散组方中4味中药白头翁、秦皮、黄柏、黄连的有效成分,通过试管二倍稀释法测定4味中药、自配白头翁散方剂及两种市售白头翁散水提物对7种不同细菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)与最小杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果表明,单味中药中黄连对大肠杆菌、沙门菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡状芽胞杆菌、无乳链球菌、副溶血弧菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌均呈现较好的抑菌效果和杀菌效果,MIC为1.563～50.000 mg/mL,MBC为6.25～400.00 mg/mL。自配白头翁散方剂抑菌和杀菌效果更好,MIC为0.781～25.000 mg/mL,市售白头翁散的抑菌效果和杀菌效果均不及自配白头翁散。 相似文献
10.
为了寻找更为安全高效的动物替抗药物，本试验以3种中药复方和7种中药废弃物为材料，采用K-B纸片法检测抑菌圈直径、二倍稀释法检测最低抑菌浓度(MIC)、平板涂布法检测最低杀菌浓度(MBC),综合评价所选药物对大肠埃希菌、肠炎沙门菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果。试验结果显示：9种药物(除清开灵药渣外)都对金黄色葡萄球菌具有显著的抑菌和杀菌作用，其MIC和MBC值在3.91～125 mg/mL范围内，为金黄色葡萄球菌中度到高度敏感药物；中药复方1和中药复方3对大肠埃希菌的MIC值分别为125 mg/mL和62.5 mg/mL,表现为中度抑大肠埃希菌；忍冬藤和中药复方1对肠炎沙门菌的MIC值都是125 mg/mL,为肠炎沙门菌中度敏感药物。试验结果表明，3种中药复方和6种中药废弃物(除清开灵药渣外)可开发成防治金黄色葡萄球菌感染性疾病的药物，中药复方1和中药复方3可预防和治疗禽畜大肠埃希菌感染，而中药复方1和忍冬藤可防治畜禽因感染肠炎沙门菌引起的病症。 相似文献
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试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
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Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
17.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
19.
Ling GV Thurmond MC Choi YK Franti CE Ruby AL Johnson DL 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):817-823
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors. 相似文献
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<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems. 相似文献