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人类基因组计划和分子生物学技术的发展，推动了猪基因图谱的研究进展，使猪的QTL定位研究取得长足的进展，从而为利用分子标记进行数量性状位点的鉴别和定位奠定了坚实的基础。目前，对影响猪的数量性状的QTL的研究已成为国际上的研究重点，并已取得了一定的成果。猪主要性状的QTL定位结果见表1。 相似文献
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引进了四个美国草莓品种：甜查理、斯坦勒、莫哈维和本妮西亚,并对它们综合性状进行对比分析。结果表明,本妮西亚的产量1706.3kg/667m2,显著高于其它三个品种,适于在桂西南地区进行推广种植;甜查理和莫哈维的产量分别为1394.8kg/667m2和1517.5kg/667m2,可作备选品种;斯坦勒的产量为977.3kg/667m2,不适于在桂西南地区大面积种植。 相似文献
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随着遗传学理论的发展,猪的选种由表型选择发展到育种值选择,再到基因型选择（即标记辅助选择）。微卫星标记用来研究种内及品种间遗传变异是一种较好的遗传标记。由于其具有较高的突变率。较高的多态性和杂合度及检测快速方便等优点而备受青睐。近年来,随着国内外学者对其结构、遗传特性、发生机理等研究的不断深入。它在构建连锁图谱、评估遗传多样性、绘制系统发生树、疾病诊断及血缘关系鉴定等方面愈来愈显示出重大的优势。 相似文献
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牛基因组计划的完成,为牛的育种提供了极其重要的遗传信息,使得科学家在基因组水平进行选择成为可能。从肉牛生长性状的数量性状基因座（quantitative trait loci,QTL）、肉质性状的QTL、繁殖性状的QTL以及抗病性状的QTL4个方面进行综述,以期为肉牛的育种研究提供参考。 相似文献
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牛基因组计划的完成,为牛的育种提供了极其重要的遗传信息,使得科学家在基因组水平进行选择成为可能.从肉牛生长性状的数量性状基因座(quantitative trait loci,QTL)、肉质性状的QTL、繁殖性状的QTL以及抗病性状的QTL4个方面进行综述,以期为肉牛的育种研究提供参考. 相似文献
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该文资料取自1992－1999年杭州市种猪试验场所进行的长白猪SⅣ系选育工作中的5个世代肥育试验和146头猪的屠宰测定记录，采用公畜模型REML等方法估测了长白猪肥育、胴体及肉质性状的遗传参数。结果表明：平均日增重、达90kg日龄、饲料转化率等3个肥育性状的遗传力较高，分别为0．40、0．68、0．48。多数胴体性状的遗传力中等，少数性状较高，范围在0．20－0．70之间。 肉质性状的遗传力中等 ,范围在0．25－0．42之间，肌肉干物质含量的遗传力达0．88。平均日增重与饲料转化率及背腰厚的遗传相关分别为－0．24、－0．74；平均日增重与胴体瘦肉率的遗传相关达0．97；背腰厚与pH1及系水力的遗传相关分别为－0．38、－0．14。 相似文献
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猪主要数量性状主基因研究进展 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
自从1909年瑞典生物学家Nilsson-Ehle提出多基因假说(Polygenehypothesis)以来,数量性状的多基因一直是作为一个遗传整体用统计学的方法加以研究和分析的.虽然对决定数量性状的多基因的数目可以用统计学的方法作出估计,但却不能确定单个基因的效应及其在染色体上的位置,因而也就无法对基因本身进行识别、分离和克隆. 相似文献
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随机选取健康、无病、生长发育正常的陆川猪和长大二元杂交猪各8头为研究对象,对陆川猪和长大二元杂交猪的胴体性状和肉质性状进行测定研究,结果表明：1）陆川猪与长大二元杂交猪的宰前体重、骨率差异不显著（P>0.05）;屠宰率、胴体重量、胴体长、6～7肋处膘厚、眼肌面积、6～7肋处皮厚、瘦肉率、脂率、皮率差异极显著（P<0.01）。2）陆川猪与长大二元杂交猪的脾脏重、肾重和大肠长度差异不显著（P>0.05）;头重差异显著（P<0.05）;四蹄重、心脏重、肝重、胃重、膀胱和小肠长度差异极显著（P<0.01）。3）陆川猪和长大二元杂交猪的pH1、pH24、系水力差异不显著（P>0.05）;肉色、Opto值、熟肉率、大理石纹、剪切力、肌内脂肪含量差异极显著（P<0.01）。结论：陆川猪具有早熟易肥、耐粗饲能力强、肌内脂肪含量高和肉嫩等特点。 相似文献
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Beran GW 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2008,86(3-4):198-207
When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures. 相似文献
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Dekker A Dercksen D Snoep J van Wuyjckhuise L 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2007,132(18):695-701
On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures. 相似文献
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在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。 相似文献
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近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2％的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。 相似文献
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