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1.
崂山湾春季鱼类群落的摄食生态及其主要种类 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
崂山湾位于黄海的胶州湾和丁字湾之间,海湾开阔,是当前增殖放流的重点海域。根据2014年5月在崂山湾海域进行的底拖网调查,分析了该海域春季鱼类群落的种类组成和摄食生态。结果表明,崂山湾春季鱼类群落共32种鱼类,隶属8目,21科,30属;以鲈形目(Perciformes)的虾虎鱼科(Gobiidae)和石首鱼科(Sciaenidae)种类最多;优势种有皮氏叫姑鱼(Johnius belengerii)、短吻红舌鳎(Cynoglossus joyneri)和矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias),主要种有大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)、斑鰶(Clupanodon punctatus)、赤鼻棱鳀(Thrissa kammalensis)、丝虾虎鱼(Cryptocentrus filifer)、方氏云鳚(Enedrias fangi)和银鲳(Pampus argenteus)。崂山湾春季鱼类群落的种类丰富度指数R为3.19,多样性指数H′为2.34;均匀度指数J′为0.68。胃含物分析结果表明,春季崂山湾生态系统鱼类群落的平均营养级为3.52;主要包括了浮游动物食性、杂食性和底栖动物食性3种食性类型,以底栖动物食性鱼类为主。在当前捕捞、气候变化和人类活动等多重压力下,海湾生态系统承受了巨大的压力,针对不同的海湾生态系统进行基础调研,可为制订相应的增殖放流、渔业保护和管理策略提供重要科学依据。 相似文献
2.
为探究辽东湾鱼类群落结构的季节变化特征,于2020年5月(春季)、8月(夏季)和10月(秋季)在该海域进行了3个航次的底拖网调查,据此分析辽东湾鱼类种类组成、优势种、多样性和群落空间结构随季节变化的情况,并计算群落季节更替与迁移指数,建立鱼类群落丰度-生物量比较曲线。调查结果显示：辽东湾春、夏、秋3个季节共捕获鱼类58种,其中春季34种、夏季49种、秋季46种;优势种春季为短吻红舌鳎、黄鲫和皮氏叫姑鱼,夏季为矛尾虾虎鱼、短吻红舌鳎、白姑鱼、皮氏叫姑鱼和斑鱼祭,秋季为矛尾虾虎鱼、短吻红舌鳎、六丝钝尾虾虎鱼、黄鲫和皮氏叫姑鱼;鱼类群落的多样性指数为1.34～1.63,丰富度指数为1.44～1.68,均匀度指数为0.60～0.64;辽东湾鱼类可分为3个群落类型,靠近湾顶的北部近岸浅滩水域群落、辽东湾中南部深水区群落和辽东湾湾口深水区群落,其中春季和夏季可分为3个群落组,秋季分为2个群落组;鱼类群落的空间分布在春、夏季与底层温度相关性系数最高(春季R=0.270、夏季R=0.408),在秋季与水深相关系数最高(秋季R=0.376);丰度-生物量比较曲线结果显示,辽东湾鱼类丰度优势度曲线均位于生... 相似文献
3.
本研究通过对2010~2011年渤海大面调查所获得的渔获物进行胃含物分析,了解当前渤海鱼类的食物关系及其变化。结果显示,渤海生态系统的27种鱼类有12种低营养级鱼类、12种中营养级鱼类和3种高营养级鱼类,包括了杂食性鱼类、浮游动物食性鱼类、底栖动物食性鱼类、混合动物食性鱼类和鱼食性鱼类,各鱼种营养级较20世纪90年代变化不大。3种高营养级鱼类均为鱼食性鱼类,饵料生境宽度值均很低,属于狭食性鱼类;矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)和小黄鱼(Pseudosciaena polyactis)是渤海饵料生境宽度最大的2种鱼,同时也是当前渤海生态系统食物网中最重要的饵料种类,其广食性有利于食物网各营养层次的物质、能量流动。当前渤海食物网中浮游食物链削弱,主要食物链转变为“植物、有机碎屑→鼓虾→鱼类”和“底栖动物→虾虎鱼、小黄鱼→大型经济鱼类”。 相似文献
4.
本研究通过对2010~2011年渤海大面调查所获得的渔获物进行胃含物分析,了解当前渤海鱼类的食物关系及其变化。结果显示,渤海生态系统的27种鱼类有12种低营养级鱼类、12种中营养级鱼类和3种高营养级鱼类,包括了杂食性鱼类、浮游动物食性鱼类、底栖动物食性鱼类、混合动物食性鱼类和鱼食性鱼类,各鱼种营养级较20世纪90年代变化不大。3种高营养级鱼类均为鱼食性鱼类,饵料生境宽度值均很低,属于狭食性鱼类;矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)和小黄鱼(Pseudosciaena polyactis)是渤海饵料生境宽度最大的2种鱼,同时也是当前渤海生态系统食物网中最重要的饵料种类,其广食性有利于食物网各营养层次的物质、能量流动。当前渤海食物网中浮游食物链削弱,主要食物链转变为"植物、有机碎屑→鼓虾→鱼类"和"底栖动物→虾虎鱼、小黄鱼→大型经济鱼类"。 相似文献
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2011年5月~2012年4月期间对莱州湾进行了9次底拖网调查,对采集的20种鱼类4 854个胃含物样品进行了分析。结果表明,莱州湾鱼类群落包括浮游动物食性、底栖动物食性、鱼食性、杂食性和广食性5种食性类型,其中底栖动物食性鱼类是莱州湾各月份鱼类群落的重要食性类型,钩虾和双壳类等底栖动物饵料在莱州湾生态系统的食物关系中起着关键的作用。秋末和初春的莱州湾鱼类群落以底栖动物食性鱼类为主,食性类型单一;随着水温升高,鱼类群落的食性类型逐渐变得丰富。分析表明,莱州湾海域鱼类群落的营养结构有利于增殖放流品种后期的生长存活,建议跟踪调查增殖放流点周边海域的食物关系和饵料基础,同时结合多学科调查,选择最佳的增殖放流地点和时间,才能切实有效地保证增殖放流的效果。 相似文献
6.
南黄海三种石首鱼类的食性 总被引：15，自引：3，他引：12
根据2000—2002年秋季和冬季在南黄海进行的定点底拖网调查,利用多元统计分析方法,研究了黑鳃梅童(Collichthys niveatus)、皮氏叫姑鱼(Jobnius belengerii)和小黄鱼(Pseudosciaena polyactis)的食物组成及其差异,摄食随海区、季节和体长的变化,以及3种石首鱼类摄食器官的形态差异对摄食的影响。结果表明：(1)3种鱼的优势饵料生物各不相同,食物组成存在显著差异;(2)3种鱼的食物组成均随海区和季节的不同而有显著的差异;(3)3种鱼的食物组成和饵料多样性都有明显体长变化,黑鳃梅童和皮氏叫姑鱼的饵料多样性随体长的增大而升高,小黄鱼则相反;(4)黑鳃梅童和小黄鱼种内不同体长问的食物重叠指数较高,而皮氏叫姑鱼则较低,3种鱼的种问食物重叠指数位于0．50～0．56;(5)主成分分析(PCA)表明,黑鳃梅童和小黄鱼摄食器官的形态特征与皮氏叫姑鱼存在一定的差异。 相似文献
7.
南海柘林湾鱼类群落结构季节变动的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为阐明南海柘林湾鱼类群落结构的动态变化,基于2011年4月(春季)、8月(夏季)、11月(秋季)和2012年2月(冬季)对南海柘林湾拖网调查的数据,对柘林湾鱼类群落结构季节动态、鱼类营养级指数季节变化进行了初步分析。结果显示,各季节调查共捕获鱼类99种,底层鱼类占49.49%,暖水性鱼类占78.78%,肉食性鱼类占79.79%。各季节质量百分比和数量百分比优势种以拟矛尾■虎鱼(Parachaeturichthys polynema)、龙头鱼(Harpodon nehereus)、皮氏叫姑鱼(Johnius belengeri)等为主。柘林湾鱼类资源密度和资源尾数密度最高季节为夏季,各季节鱼类个体体质量大多小于15 g。春、秋季鱼类组成相对丰富,冬季生物量优势度最高。柘林湾鱼类以中级肉食性和高级肉食性为主,年度平均营养级指数为3.478,属于中级水平,夏季高营养级鱼类平均体质量最高。 相似文献
8.
根据2011及2013年在海州湾及其邻近海域进行的渔业资源底拖网调查资料和胃含物分析数据,应用多元统计分析法和生态位重叠指数法等,研究了海州湾皮氏叫姑鱼、小黄鱼和棘头梅童鱼3种石首鱼的食物组成及其营养—空间二维生态位的重叠情况。结果显示,皮氏叫姑鱼属于底栖动物食性,主要摄食虾类、端足类和多毛类;小黄鱼属于底栖动物和游泳动物食性,主要摄食鱼类、虾类、头足类和磷虾;棘头梅童鱼属于底栖动物食性,主要摄食虾类、毛虾类、磷虾和糠虾。这3种石首鱼的营养生态位宽度较为接近,其中小黄鱼的营养生态位宽度(2.69)和空间生态位宽度(2.78)均最高,皮氏叫姑鱼的营养生态位宽度(2.59)最低,而棘头梅童鱼的空间生态位宽度(2.42)最低。3种石首鱼的营养生态位重叠指数为0.24~0.46,其中皮氏叫姑鱼与棘头梅童鱼的营养生态位重叠最高。它们的空间生态位重叠指数为0.19~0.30,表明这3种鱼在空间方面存在一定的分隔。它们的营养—空间二维生态位重叠指数为0.05~0.11,其中皮氏叫姑鱼与棘头梅童鱼的重叠指数最高,因此有可能发生激烈的食物竞争,而小黄鱼与皮氏叫姑鱼和棘头梅童鱼之间则可以通过营养和空间生态位的分化来降低种间竞争。 相似文献
9.
长江口外海域龙头鱼营养生态学特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用2009年9月至2010年8月在东海北部、黄海南部海域获取的龙头鱼(Harpadon nehereus)样品,采用胃含物分析法,对龙头鱼的摄食习性进行了研究。结果表明,龙头鱼摄食饵料种类有39种,鱼类是其主要饵料类群,所占质量百分比为84.13%。优势饵料种类为龙头鱼(Harpadon nehereus)、小黄鱼(Pseudosciaena polyactis)、细条天竺鱼(Apogonichthys lineatus)、皮氏叫姑鱼(Johnius belengerii)、口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)等。龙头鱼的摄食强度秋季最高,冬季最低;食物组成季节变化明显,春季主要摄食虾类,其他季节则主要以鱼类为食;不同生长发育阶段的食物组成及摄食强度具有显著差异,体长为100 mm和250 mm处存在食性转换现象,并在体长250 mm时表现为由广食性向狭食性转换的特征,摄食选择性增强。龙头鱼营养级为3.80,在东、黄海食物网中处于较高的营养层次。 相似文献
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在2000年秋季和2001年春季东海120°~126.75°N、25.75°~31°E范围内的两次大面积调查基础上,以占渔获量90%的鱼类为研究对象,分析东海春、秋两季2个鱼类群落的功能群。结果表明,东海高营养层次鱼类群落包括7个功能群,即鱼食性鱼类、虾/鱼食性鱼类、虾食性鱼类、虾蟹食性鱼类、底栖动物食性鱼类、浮游动物食性鱼类和广食性鱼类。其中东海近海春季鱼类种群由浮游动物食性鱼类、底栖动物食性鱼类、鱼食性鱼类和虾食性鱼类4个功能群组成,秋季鱼类种群由虾/鱼食性鱼类、虾食性鱼类、广食性鱼类、虾蟹食性鱼类、鱼食性鱼类和浮游动物食性鱼类6个功能群组成;东海外海春季鱼类种群由鱼食性鱼类、底栖动物食性鱼类、浮游动物食性鱼类和虾食性鱼类4个功能群组成,秋季鱼类种群由浮游动物食性鱼类、虾/鱼食性鱼类、鱼食性鱼类、虾食性鱼类和底栖动物食性鱼类5个功能群组成。从生物量组成上分析,在各鱼类群落中发挥主要作用的功能群不同,春季东海鱼类群落以浮游动物食性鱼类功能群为主,而秋季以鱼食性鱼类功能群为主。其中带鱼、白姑鱼、六丝矛尾■虎鱼、多棘腔吻鳕、龙头鱼、小黄鱼、细条天竺鱼、发光鲷、、花斑蛇鲻、短鳍红娘鱼、竹荚鱼、条尾绯鲤、黄鳍马面、黄条等15种鱼为各功能群的主要种类。群落种类组成的差异,同种类体长分布的差异,以及饵料基础的时空变化是导致东海各鱼类群落功能群组成差异的主要原因。 相似文献
11.
Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
15.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
16.
Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 
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下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
17.
Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
18.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
19.
There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献
20.
Effect of iodophor disinfection of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs on their bacterial and fungus load 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Franz Lahnsteiner 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(7):3901-3909
This study investigated the efficiency of iodophor disinfection (135 ppm active iodine for 15–30 min) of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs against different groups of bacteria and against fungus. Egg samples were taken from non‐disinfected and from disinfected eggs, microorganisms were cultured on specific nutrient media and their mass was measured by turbidimetric methods. Bacteria and fungus mass of non‐hardened eggs could be reduced but not eliminated by iodophor disinfection with 135 ppm active iodine for 15 min. The extent of reduction was 47–65% (Experiment 1). The efficiency of disinfection increased with disinfection time as the reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was 40–55% after 15 min and 58–74% after 30 min (Experiment 2). Disinfection efficiency of iodophor solution diluted in water (reduction 49–57%) and of iodophor solution diluted in sodium chloride solution iso‐osmolar to the oocytes (reduction 52–61%) was similar (Experiment 3). The reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was persistent as it was 39–72% lower in embryos deriving from disinfected eggs than in embryos deriving from non‐disinfected ones (Experiment 4). In conclusion, the tested disinfection method is inadequate to eliminate pathogens completely but it could positively influence immune defence of eggs and embryos. 相似文献