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在马来西亚．小菜蛾（Plutella xylostella）是十字花科蔬菜上危害最重的害虫,造成蔬菜品质和产量的严重损失。生物防治的手段已经有很多报道,其中包括使用Bt和病毒。病毒可以同其它防治手段相容．持效期长,害虫不会发展抗性,所以是非常适宜的防治手段。病毒在特定昆虫中肠碱性环境下被激活,对非目标昆虫（如蜜蜂或者目标害虫的捕食性天敌）等几乎没有影响。 相似文献
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小菜蛾是武汉地区十字花科蔬菜的主要害虫之一,随着小菜蛾对有机磷、菊酯类农药抗性的产生,其为害愈来愈严重。为寻求新的防治药剂,我站引进了几种特异性昆虫生长调节剂防治抗性小菜蛾,现将试验结果报告如下。 相似文献
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昆虫的生活习性可分为植食性、肉食性、腐食性和杂食性等类型,笔者介绍昆虫在蔬菜上的生活习性。1寡食性只喜欢吃含有芥子油的十字花科蔬菜——甘蓝、花椰菜等,如菜青虫。我们利用菜青虫的生活习性,可以合理布局,采取夏季不种植或不生产十字花科蔬菜,就可起到"拆桥断代"的防治作用。 相似文献
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小菜蛾Plutella xylostella(L.)是我国分布极广的十字花科蔬菜害虫.近年来,小菜蛾危害有不断加重的趋势,在广东地区,特别是在蔬菜出口基地,现已成为对十字花科蔬菜危害最严重的害虫,防治不及时,往往造成蔬菜严重减产,质量下降,甚至毁种.为寻找防治小菜蛾的有效药剂,满足无公害蔬菜生产的需要,作者选择敌宝、苏力士、菜宝、湖北Bt、锐劲特和除尽等6种杀虫剂进行防治小菜蛾对比试验,现将试验结果报道如下: 相似文献
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潍坊市十字花科蔬菜害虫发生特点及综合防治技术 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
随着种植业结构的调整,近年潍坊市蔬菜生产发展很快,种植面积不断扩大,品种逐步增多,其中十字花科蔬菜占有较大的比重.该类蔬菜的害虫种类较多,发生规律复杂,为害严重,多年来一直依赖化学农药防治.长期不合理用药带来许多副作用,又增加了蔬菜的生产成本,引起农产品农药残留超标,破坏了生态环境,影响人们的身体健康.因此,对十字花科蔬菜害虫应实行综合防治,协调使用各种有效方法,减少农药的使用. 相似文献
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小卷蛾线虫对小猿叶甲幼虫的敏感性试验初报 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
小猿叶甲Ｐｈａｅｄｏｎ ｂｒａｓｓｉｃａｅ Ｂａｌｙ是十字花科蔬菜的重要害虫,现用的防治方法主要是化学防治。为了开发无公害蔬菜工程,本文试用昆虫病原线虫对小猿叶甲幼虫进行敏感性试验,实验表明：小卷蛾线虫Ｓｔｅｉｎｅｒｎｅｍａ ｃａｒｐｏｃａｐｓａｅ Ａ２４对小猿叶甲幼虫颇为敏感,在害虫与线虫数量为１：７５时,４８小时小猿叶甲幼虫的线虫寄生死亡率达９０％以上。经ＤＭＲＴ检验表明：浓度１：１００与１： 相似文献
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十字花科蔬菜害虫较多,但以菜青虫、小菜蛾、斜纹夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾、黄曲条跳甲、蚜虫、猿叶虫等为害最重. 1 菜青虫 1.1 为害特点 相似文献
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福寿螺配偶个体大小选择性初步观察 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过野外观察与实验研究,掌握了福寿螺的婚配体制及其配偶选择性规律。福寿螺与多数低等动物一样,其婚配属于乱交制,无固定配偶;雌螺对与其交配的雄螺个体大小没有选择性,而雄螺对雌螺的个体大小有选择性,倾向于与较大个的雌螺交配。 相似文献
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Christopher D. Keating Lindy M. Holden-Dye Robert J. Walker 《Pest management science》1996,46(3):263-266
The neuropeptide AF2 has a complex set of actions on the dorsal muscle strip of Ascaris suum, including a potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. Caffeine at 100 μm and 5 mm inhibited this potentiation, as did 100 μm theophylline in two out of six studies. The cyclic-AMP-potentiating compounds IBMX, dibutyryl cAMP and forskolin had no effect on the AF2-induced potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. These preliminary data suggest that the potentiating action of AF2 is not mediated by a cAMP pathway. 相似文献
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E. LIMPERT B. C. CLIFFORD A. DREISEITL R. JOHNSON K. MÜLLER A. ROELFS C. WELLINGS 《EPPO Bulletin》1994,24(1):109-112
A variety of systems of designation has evolved to name pathotypes of plant pathogens. The systems were evaluated to determine those best suited for particular purposes. Virulence and avirulence/virulence formulae of pathotypes have advantage over the use of consecutive numbers or letters given in chronological order of pathotype discovery. As soon as pathotype information exceeds a certain level of complexity, mathematical codes are most advantageous, in particular two codes, octal notation and coded triplets. A more universal adoption of the most appropriate codes is recommended to ease communication and comparisons of results. 相似文献
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F.M. Ashton O.T. de Villiers R.K. Glenn W.B. Duke 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1977,7(2):122-141
Time- and concentration-course studies were conducted to determine the effect of thirteen herbicides on photosynthesis, respiration, RNA synthesis, protein synthesis, and lipid synthesis using isolated single leaf cells. Each herbicide was from a different chemical class. Appropriate 14C-substrates and product purification procedures were used for each process prior to liquid scintillation counting. The most sensitive metabolic site of inhibition was photosynthesis for atrazine, bromacil, dichlobenil, monuron, and paraquat; RNA synthesis for dalapon and dinoseb; protein synthesis for chlorpropham; and lipid synthesis for CDAA, chloramben, 2,4-D, EPTC, and trifluralin. However, with several herbicides, one or more process was almost as sensitive as the one mentioned above. All herbicides inhibited more than one process, and the most sensitive site of inhibition may not be the same process that was inhibited the greatest at the maximum concentration and maximum exposure time used. Therefore, a concept of metabolic sites of action, rather than a primary site of action, appears to be more meaningful for herbicides. 相似文献
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Effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on efficacy and duration of control of Fusarium wilt of tomato 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on the control of fusarium wilt of tomato were investigated. Application of P. oxalicum to tomato seedlings in seedbeds reduced disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in a growth chamber by 45–49% and in glasshouse experiments by 22–69%. Disease suppression was maintained for 60–100 days after inoculation with the pathogen in the glasshouse. No disease reduction was observed in tomato plants where P. oxalicum was applied to seeds. Treatment with P. oxalicum did not affect the population of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in the rhizosphere. 相似文献
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为了研究青稞种子外部和内部携带真菌情况,比较不同杀菌剂对青稞种子的带菌消毒效果和对幼苗生长的影响,为青稞种子播前包衣处理和种传真菌病害防控提供依据,采用离体平皿法对云南迪庆‘云青1号’、‘云青2号’和‘短白青稞’3个主栽品种进行带菌检测,并对种子进行拌种或浸种处理测定6种杀菌剂对种子消毒效果,分析杀菌剂对种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:供试青稞种子表面携带的优势菌群为青霉(Penicilliumspp.)、镰刀菌(Fusariumspp.);种子内部寄藏的真菌主要为镰刀菌、核腔菌(Pyrenophoraspp.)、附球菌(Epicoccumspp.)、丝核菌(Rhizoctoniaspp.)、链格孢(Alternariaspp.)和木霉(Trichoderma spp.)。青稞不同品种的种子表面及内部携带的真菌种类差异较大。致病性测定表明,镰刀菌对种子萌发和幼苗生长影响最大,后期出现幼苗坏死现象。45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP对青稞种子携带真菌均有显著抑制作用和消毒效果,50%福美双WP消毒效果最优,达100%;45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP处理对青稞种子发芽和幼苗生长均无显著影响。 相似文献
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棉花黄萎病菌致病型的AFLP分析 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
选用41个棉花黄萎病菌(Verticillium dahliae)代表菌系,在温室条件下,对4个棉花品种鄂荆1号(感)、中棉所12(耐)、文-5(抗)和唐棉2号(抗)进行致病性测定,结果可将供试菌系分为落叶型与非落叶型2类。选取8对AFLP引物PCR扩增的结果中,统计带型稳定、清晰且有多态性的条带,共169条作系统聚类分析,将上述菌系分为2大类,第一类为非落叶型菌系,包括10个非落叶型菌系和1个过渡菌系;第二类为30个落叶型菌系。根据聚类分析建立树状图,发现菌系与地理来源存在一定的相关性,而依据菌系致病力强弱分类则相关关系不大。选用25对EcoRⅠ和MseⅠ引物组合,对供试的41个V.dahliae进行AFLP扩增,筛选到2对引物E64(GACTGCGTACCAATTCGAC)、M53(GATGAGTCCTGAGTAACCG)和E49(GACTGCGTACCAATTCCAG)、M65(GAT-GAGTCCTGAGTAAGAG),能分别扩增出433bp和110bp2条仅为V.dahliae非落叶型菌系独有的特异片段,可将落叶型与非落叶型菌系分开,这2条特异片段被命名为EM433和EM110。 相似文献