共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 921 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
试验旨在研究柑橘渣最佳发酵工艺条件。试验以柑橘渣为原料,以发酵产物中的粗蛋白含量为考核指标,采用单菌发酵试验预筛选产蛋白量较高的优势菌株,将预筛选的优势菌株按1∶1∶1∶1进行混合发酵;对发酵基质比例、菌液的接种量、发酵时间进行正交分析,优化柑橘渣的发酵工艺条件。结果显示：黑曲霉、热带假丝酵母、植物乳杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌为单菌种发酵试验的较优菌种;在黑曲霉∶热带假丝酵母∶植物乳杆菌∶枯草芽孢杆菌按1∶1∶1∶1比例接种,尿素添加量为1.5%条件下,柑橘渣发酵最适工艺条件为发酵基质柑橘渣与麸皮的比例7∶3、接种量20%、发酵时间8 d。研究表明,在此优化工艺条件下,柑橘渣发酵所得的蛋白质饲料产物的粗蛋白质含量较高,能够提高柑橘渣的利用价值和经济效益。 相似文献
6.
本文以油茶籽湿渣为原料，添加一定量麸皮，对8种不同类型的酵母菌和霉菌菌种进行初选试验，将选出的不同酵母菌和霉菌组合进行固体发酵培养试验，选取最佳的酵母菌和霉菌组合，再对最佳组合的培养条件进行优化试验。结果表明：经过初选和复选试验，最佳组合为杨梅酵母菌+黑曲霉+青霉|培养基中杨梅酵母菌+黑曲霉+青霉体积比为1∶2∶5，即为接种比例（3∶5），经过试验确定最佳的组合培养条件：接种比例3∶5，培养周期为8 d。按照最佳的条件进行固态发酵试验，将其培养基进行烘干，测定发酵前后的粗蛋白质含量，其含量从19.78%提高到32.17%，同时提高饲料适口性，有利于开发更优质的菌体蛋白饲料。
[关键词]油茶籽湿渣|菌种选择|蛋白饲料 相似文献
7.
8.
混菌发酵生产柚皮菌体蛋白饲料的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
实验采用啤酒酵母和黑曲霉以柚皮为原料进行单菌和混菌发酵生产柚皮菌体蛋白饲料条件的研究。讨论了接种量、培养时间、培养温度、通风量、菌种比例、含水量、添加物等条件对发酵效果的影响,实验结果表明,在一定条件下,混菌发酵的实验效果比单菌发酵的效果好。混菌发酵的最佳工艺条件:接种量比例(酵母菌:黑曲霉)为3:1,总接种量为12%,添加10%的麸皮于30℃环境下培养48h,粗蛋白质含量可提高到28.78%,是发酵原料的6～7倍,发酵产物色泽淡黄,酒香味,适口性好。 相似文献
9.
复合益生菌固态发酵改善甘薯渣营养价值的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在研究采用多种微生物混合固态发酵对甘薯渣营养价值的影响,并探讨其最佳发酵工艺参数。采用单因素试验设计,对4类菌种共12株菌种进行单菌发酵,从中筛选1株发酵效果最优菌株作为混菌发酵的主菌种,与其他3类菌株进行不同组合发酵,筛选最佳菌种组合。采用正交试验设计,考察发酵时间、发酵温度、料水比、接种量及菌种接种比例对甘薯渣营养价值影响。结果表明:1)在发酵温度38℃,发酵时间4.5 d,料水比1∶1.3,接种量1×106个/g,接种比例黑曲霉2∶里氏木霉∶枯草芽孢杆菌1∶酿酒酵母1=1∶1∶2∶1条件下发酵效果最好。2)在混菌发酵后,以干物质为基础,粗蛋白质含量从6.37%提高到9.75%;粗脂肪含量从2.71%提高到4.92%;发酵后还原糖含量达到8.22%,羧甲基纤维素酶、滤纸酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶和淀粉酶活性分别为4.26、3.29、3.75和5.15 U/g DM。由此可见,农副产品甘薯渣经过微生物混菌固态发酵后可以有效改善其营养品质。 相似文献
10.
11.
Masahiro YAMAMOTO Fuad SALEH Akira OHTSUKA Kunioki HAYASHI 《Animal Science Journal》2005,76(3):245-248
The traditional method of processing fish waste is costly and usually overheats the waste, making it less digestible. In the present study, a fermentation technique using Aspergillus awamori was used to dry minced sardine fish to find a new model for processing fish waste and to evaluate its digestibility. Wheat bran (700 g), minced fresh sardines (2638 g) and A. awamori spores (0.7 g) were mixed together and kept in a ventilated incubator for 5 days at 40°C. At the end of the fermentation, a sample of fishmeal was taken to measure the nutrient content, enzyme activity and digestibility of crude protein (CP) and dry matter (DM) using an in vitro method. Furthermore, the effect of enzymes produced during the fermentation of DM and CP digestibilities of corn–soybean mixture in vitro were also examined. The percentage of moisture, CP, crude fat and nitrogen‐free extract in the fermented fish waste were 11, 39, 23 and 25%, respectively. The in vitro digestibilities of DM (69%) and CP (84%) of the fishmeal were almost the same as those of the heat‐dried sardine powder. During the fermentation, glucoamylase, α‐glucosidase, α‐amylase and acidic protease were produced, which may improve the DM digestibility of the diet. In conclusion, fish waste can be dried successfully using the fermentation technique described in the present study. Furthermore, the DM digestibility of the corn–soybean meal mixture is improved by the enzymes produced during the fermentation. 相似文献
12.
本试验旨在优化培养基提高粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)R-WL发酵液的菌体密度,为高效、优质的微生态制剂产品研制奠定基础。首先通过生长曲线的测定、培养条件和培养基成分的单因素试验,确定菌种RWL的最适培养条件为:时间14 h、pH 8.5、温度37℃、接种量3%,最适碳源为乳糖,浓度为10 g/L,最适氮源为蛋白胨+酵母膏,浓度为30 g/L。然后通过Plackett-Burman试验分析培养基中对粪肠球菌发酵影响最重要的主要因素为蛋白胨、乙酸钠和柠檬酸二铵,再通过最陡爬坡试验获得主要因素的最适范围,最后通过Box-Behnken试验和响应面分析得到主要因素的最适添加量。结果表明:最优发酵培养基配方为:乳糖10 g/L、酵母膏15 g/L、蛋白胨12.18 g/L、乙酸钠4.5 g/L、柠檬酸二铵4.5 g/L、硫酸镁0.58 g/L、硫酸锰0.25 g/L、磷酸氢二钾2 g/L、轻质碳酸钙3 g/L,初始pH 8.5。通过试验验证,优化后发酵培养基的发酵菌液活菌数可达(6.44±0.10)×109cfu/mL,比原MRS培养基活菌数提高了71.28%。 相似文献
13.
采用需氧发酵和厌氧发酵相结合的方法,对高温、高压后的动物性蛋白原料——血粉、羽毛粉、猪毛粉和蹄角粉进行了联合发酵效果研究。动物性蛋白原料中添加10%的麸皮,调整料水比为3:2,接种0.1‰的米曲霉,在有氧条件下发酵36h后,再接种0.1‰的乳酸杆菌进行厌氧发酵,设立动物性蛋白原料作为对照组,通过测定不同时间段样品的酸溶蛋白、粗纤维以及胃蛋白酶消化率观察联合发酵效果。研究结果表明,与对照组相比,联合发酵极显著提高发酵物料中酸溶蛋白的含量(P<0.01),其中血粉增长幅度最大,比对照组提高10%左右;联合发酵极显著提高了动物性蛋白原料的胃蛋白酶消化率(P<0.01),血粉提高了大约15%,羽毛粉、猪毛粉和蹄角粉则均在4%左右;联合发酵对动物性蛋白原料粗纤维无显著影响(P>0.05)。 相似文献
14.
An experiment was conducted with eight ruminally-cannulated cows using a crossover design with 2 periods to determine the effects of yeast supplementation on rumen fermentation. Holstein dairy cows in late lactation were either supplemented with 0.5 g/hd/d of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an active dry yeast (CNCM-1077, Levucell SC20 (r) SC, Lallemand Animal Nutrition) or not supplemented (control). A basal diet consisting of 60% forage and 40% concentrate (DM basis) was fed once daily to both groups of cows throughout the entire experiment. Ruminal pH was measured continuously every 22 min using a pH probe that was placed in the ventral rumen sac for 6 consecutive days. Volatile fatty acid and ammonia N concentrations in the rumen were measured on days 5 or 6 of the 12-d period for each cow and DM intake was monitored throughout the experiment. Data were analyzed using a mixed-effects model with repeated measures. There were no differences in dry matter intake between treatments. Mean ruminal pH was greater (P < 0.05) when yeast was supplemented (6.53 ± 0.07) compared with the control (6.32 ± 0.07). Average maximum and minimum ruminal pH were also greater (P < 0.05) when yeast was supplemented (7.01 ± 0.09 and 5.97 ± 0.08, respectively) compared with the control (6.80 ± 0.09 and 5.69 ± 0.09, respectively). Time spent under the subacute acidosis threshold, pH less than 5.6, was lower (P < 0.05) with yeast supplementation compared with control cows. No difference was observed for ruminal ammonia N concentrations (mean = 14.0 ± 1.2 mg/dL) between treatments. Total VFA concentration (mM) in the rumen tended to be lower (P = 0.10) in the yeast-supplemented cows (107.3 ± 6.35) than in the control cows (122.4 ± 6.35), which could be related to the greater pH observed with yeast supplementation. Supplementing dairy cows with active dry yeast in the current experiment increased the mean, minimum and maximum ruminal pH; decreased time spent in subacute rumen acidosis, and tended to decrease total VFA concentration in the rumen compared with control cows. 相似文献
15.
Bosch G Pellikaan WF Rutten PG van der Poel AF Verstegen MW Hendriks WH 《Journal of animal science》2008,86(11):2979-2989
The current study aimed to evaluate the variation in fermentation activity along the distal canine gastrointestinal tract (GIT, Exp. 1). It also aimed to assess fermentation kinetics and end product profiles of 16 dietary fibers for dog foods using canine fecal inoculum (Exp. 2). For Exp. 1, digesta were collected from the distal ileum, proximal colon, transverse colon, and rectum of 3 adult dogs. Digesta per part of the GIT were pooled for 3 dogs, diluted (1:25, wt/vol), mixed, and filtered for the preparation of inoculum. A fructan, ground soy hulls, and native potato starch were used as substrates and incubated for cumulative gas production measurement as an indicator of the kinetics of fermentation. In addition, fermentation bottles with similar contents were incubated but were allowed to release their gas throughout incubation. Fermentation fluid was sampled at 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after initiation of incubation, and short-chain fatty acids and ammonia were measured. Results showed comparable maximal fermentation rates for rectal and proximal colonic inocula (P > 0.05). Production of short-chain fatty acids was least for the ileal and greatest for the rectal inoculum (P < 0.05). Therefore, for in vitro studies, fecal microbiota can be used as an inoculum source but may slightly overestimate in vivo fermentation. Experiment 2 evaluated the gas production, fermentation kinetics, and end product profiles at 8 and 72 h of incubation for citrus pectin, 3 fructans, gum arabic, 3 guar gums, pea fiber, peanut hulls, soy fiber, sugar beet fiber, sugar beet pectin, sugar beet pulp, wheat fiber, and wheat middlings. Feces of 4 adult dogs were used as an inoculum source. Similar techniques were used as in Exp. 1 except for the dilution factor used (1:10, wt/vol). Among substrates, large variations in fermentation kinetics and end product profiles were noted. Sugar beet pectin, the fructans, and the gums were rapidly fermentable, indicated by a greater maximal rate of gas production (R(max)) compared with all other substrates (P < 0.05), whereas peanut hulls and wheat fiber were poorly fermentable, indicated by the least amount of gas produced (P < 0.05). Sugar beet fiber, sugar beet pulp, soy fiber, and wheat middlings were moderately fermentable with a low R(max). Citrus pectin and pea fiber showed a similar low R(max), but time at which this occurred was later compared with sugar beet fiber, sugar beet pulp, soy fiber, and wheat middlings (P < 0.05). Results of this study can be used to formulate canine diets that stimulate dietary fiber fermentation along the distal GIT that may optimize GIT health and stimulate the level of satiety in dogs. 相似文献
16.
17.
本试验旨在探究外源纤维素酶(EFE)添加到发酵全混合日粮(FTMR)中对其营养价值、发酵品质和酶活性的影响,并找出适宜添加水平。采用完全随机试验设计,设置5个纤维素酶添加水平(0、0.4、0.8、1.6、3.2 g·kg-1 DM),分别测定底物发酵的第7、14、35、49、70天的概略养分、可溶性碳水化物(WSC)、发酵参数和4种酶活力。结果表明,1)纵向看,随发酵时间的延长,底物的干物质(DM)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和可溶性碳水化合物含量,以及4种酶活力均呈显著下降趋势(P<0.05),而乙酸含量则呈显著上升趋势(P<0.05)。2)横向看,随着EFE添加量的提高,发酵一定时间后, DM、NDF、ADF和WSC含量以及pH值、氨态氮含量、羧基肽酶活力和酸性蛋白酶活力呈显著下降趋势(P<0.05),而乙酸含量、纤维素酶活力、和木聚糖活力呈上升趋势(P<0.05),发酵第35天后趋于稳定,0.8和1.6 g·kg-1 EFE添加组表现出较低的pH值、NDF含量和ADF含量(P<0.05),以及较高的纤维素酶和木聚糖酶活力(P<0.05);由此,本试验发现,添加EFE可促进FTMR中纤维类物质的降解、有机酸的积累和自身纤维类物质的酶活力,抑制羧基肽酶活力和酸性蛋白酶活力,减少蛋白质的损失,且存在添加剂量效应,适宜添加量为0.8~1.6 g·kg-1 DM。 相似文献
18.
Effects of sucrose (Suc) concentration on fermentation kinetics and products were evaluated using 3 concentrations of Suc, with 1 concentration of isolated NDF from Bermudagrass fermented together in batch culture in vitro with rumen inoculum. Fixed amounts of medium and inoculum were the protein sources, so protein:Suc decreased with increasing Suc. Kinetics were calculated from gas production over 48 h in a randomized complete block design (n = 28), and product yield was evaluated with sampling every 4 h for 24 h in a split-split plot in time design (n = 84). Fermentation vial was the experimental unit. Increasing Suc increased the lag time of rapidly (P < 0.01) and slowly fermented (P < 0.01) fractions and tended to decrease the rate of gas production from the rapid fraction (P = 0.07). Gas production from the slow fraction decreased linearly with increasing Suc (P = 0.02), suggesting a decrease in NDF fermentation. Sucrose was the predominant substrate at 1 indicate incorporation of C from the medium, likely from AA and peptides. The results support the premises that direct effects of Suc concentration and perhaps protein:Suc alter yields of fermentation products. That substrate concentration altered fermentation products and kinetics, possibly due to interactions with the run conditions, advises the clear definition of substrates and fermentation conditions to determine how the results integrate into our knowledge of ruminant nutrition. 相似文献
19.
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of defaunation on the fermentation of two different diets consisting of hay (100%) and hay+barley (80% + +20%) in a rumen pouch (RUSITEC). The survival and composition of protozoa were investigated in an in vitro system in control vessels where no defaunation was carried out. Defaunation decreased the production of total volatile fatty acids (P < < 0.01), acetate, butyrate (P < 0.001)--Tab. II; dry matter digestibility (P < 0.05) and detergent fibre digestibility: acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), cellulose (P < 0.001), hemicellulose (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively) in our experiment (Tab. I). These parameters also decreased: production of CH4 (P < 0.001), CO2 (P < 0.01 for the barley diet), total production of gases (P < 0.001 for the barley diet), total utilization (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively) and recovery of H2 (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively), NH3-N in effluent (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively)--Tab. III; and production of ATP (P < 0.01)--Tab. IV, as a result of fermentation in our experiment. On the other hand, there was a significant increase in the following parameters: production of propionate (P < 0.001 for the barley diet)--Tab. II; microbial nitrogen/kg of organic matter fermented--OMF (P < 0.001), Tab. III; energy yield--E of volatile fatty acids (VFA), proportion of VFA energy with respect to fermented hexose energy--E1, proportion of energy in bacterial cells with respect to fermented hexose energy--E3 (P < 0.001) and the effectiveness of microbial proteosynthesis--YATP (P < 0.001), Tab. IV, as a result of defaunation. The total number of protozoa and the number of some species, especially the number of big entodinio-morphid protozoa, were markedly higher (p < 0.001) for the barley diet--Tab. V. The number of protozoa decreased rapidly within three days after the system initiation. Later on, the values were more or less steady. 相似文献
20.
选择64头28日龄(长大二元)断奶仔猪,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复4头猪。1组为空白对照组,2～4组分别添加0.1%、0.15%、0.2%的发酵黄芩。试验周期为28 d。试验旨在探讨发酵黄芩对断奶仔猪免疫功能的影响,评价发酵黄芩在饲料中的应用价值,确定发酵黄芩在仔猪日粮中的最佳添加量。结果表明,饲料中添加发酵黄芩对断奶仔猪的免疫性能有较大影响,能缓解断奶应激造成的仔猪免疫功能不足的问题,提高仔猪自身的抗病力,刺激仔猪自身免疫机能的完善。试验结果证明,发酵黄芩在提高免疫球蛋白方面优于空白对照组,且差异显著(P<0.05),4组结果中3个发酵黄芩添加组IgA、IgG、IgM、TNF-α、IL-4等指标较空白对照组分别提高了36.8%(P<0.05)、33.1%(P<0.05)、22.9%(P<0.05)、90.7%(P<0.05)、78.3%(P<0.05)。结果表明,在仔猪日粮中发酵黄芩的添加量为0.15%时效果最优。 相似文献