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1.
冰川棘豆对山羊的毒性试验   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
10只杂种奶山羊随机等分为试验组和对照组，试验组羊按每日10g／kg的剂量饲喂冰川棘豆干粉，定期采血，测定血液常规指标和生化指标，进行病理学检验。结果表明，RBC、Hb、PCV、MCH、MCV、MCHC显著低于对照组（P〈0．01），淋巴细胞出现空泡变性。试验组羊血清碱性磷酸酶（AKP）活性，从试验的第7天起持续升高；从试验的第14天起，血清谷草转氨酶（GOT）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性，尿素氮（BUN）含量明显高于对照组；在试验的35～49d，血清淀粉酶活性持续升高，与对照组比较差异显著（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）；从试验的第7天起，血清α-甘露糖苷糖（AMA）活性显著低于对照组（P〈0．01），说明冰川棘豆对心、肝、肾、脑等器官有一定的毒害作用，冰川棘豆中含有吲哚兹啶生物碱。病理组织学检查中发现，心、肝、脾、肺、肾、脑、卵巢等组织普遍发生空泡变性。  相似文献   

2.
每天给山羊灌服2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶酮(TMPD)水溶液,每7天采血1次,进行血液生化检查。40 d后试验羊出现中毒症状。血清生化检查表明血清尿素氮(BUN)含量从试验第28天起明显升高,与试验前对照差异显著(P<0.05或P<0.01)。血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性从试验初就明显升高,与试验前对照差异显著(P<0.05或P<0.01.)。血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性略有升高,但与试验前对照差异不显著(P>0.05)。α-甘露糖苷酶(AMA)第42天后显著低于试验前(P<0.05或P<0.01)。病理组织学检查发现,小脑、大脑、肝等组织细胞出现空泡变性。山羊TMPD中毒的症状、血液生化指标及病理变化与冰川棘豆中毒相似,表明TMPD是冰川棘豆中的主要有毒成分之一。  相似文献   

3.
为了探索青贮黄花棘豆颗粒饲料对试验羊血液生化指标的影响,在混合饲料中添加10%的青贮黄花棘豆,制成青贮黄花棘豆颗粒饲料,试验组羊饲喂青贮黄花棘豆颗粒饲料,对照组饲喂正常颗粒饲料,同时试验前及试验期间间隔30 d空腹采血,分离血清测定血清生化指标。结果表明,试验组羊连续饲喂青贮黄花棘豆颗粒饲料90 d后没有出现黄花棘豆中毒症状,血清天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)和碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)活性在试验的30 d开始显著升高(P0.01),丙氨酸氨基转移酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)活性没有明显变化(P0.05),尿素氮(urea nitrogen,BUN)含量在试验的30 d明显降低(P0.01),说明青贮黄花棘豆颗粒饲料对试验羊肝脏具有一定的损害作用。  相似文献   

4.
山羊冰川棘豆中毒的病理学观察   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
8只杂种奶山羊，按每日每千克体重10g的剂量饲喂冰川棘豆（Oxytropis glacialis)草粉，第25天起，出现以中枢神经系统机能紊乱为特征的中毒症状。病理组织学检查，心、肝、脾、肺、肾、脑、卵巢等组织发生空泡变性，空泡变性普遍而且严重，并且观察到淋巴结和脾脏中巨噬细胞胞核空泡变性，淋巴细胞胞核淡染，呈空泡样。肝、肾脑组织电镜观察，病理变化以空泡变性为主，细胞中线粒体肿胀、空泡化，粗面内织网断裂，溶酶体增加。  相似文献   

5.
SW-BSA人工合成抗原与白油制成疫苗免疫家兔,饲喂甘肃棘豆后制备免疫血清,分别进行间接ELISA试验、SW浓度的测定、血清生化指标测定试验,并进行组织病理学检查。结果表明,免疫攻毒组家兔的临床中毒症状比攻毒对照组出现时间延迟30d,血清中SW浓度比攻毒对照组延缓21d达到较高水平,血清中AST、ALP、LDH、BUN活性比攻毒对照组延缓31d达到较高值,ALT的活性与攻毒对照组相比没有显著差异,血清α-甘露糖甙酶活性比攻毒对照组延缓28d下降到较低值。攻毒组家兔各器官组织的病理变化主要是以细胞呈现急性中毒性缺血缺氧和空泡变性为特点。结论得出SW-BSA人工合成抗原疫苗对攻毒家兔有一定的保护作用。  相似文献   

6.
青海省英得尔种羊场家畜棘豆中毒调查   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
英得尔种羊场家畜棘豆中毒情况严重，进入９０年代呈猛增趋势，已严重影响畜牧业的发展，家畜棘豆中毒发生于每年的８～１１月间，中毒家畜以绵羊和马为主，青海半细行羊对棘豆中毒尤其敏感，中毒绵羊的血清ＧＯＴ活性显著升高，主要病理变化为小脑浦顷野氏细胞和胰腺泡细胞空泡变性及肝，肾等实质器官细胞的空泡变性和颗粒变性。  相似文献   

7.
冰川棘豆对山羊的毒性试验初报   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
给３号奶山羊按体重１０ｇ／（ｋｇ．ｄ）饲喂冲川棘豆草粉，２８ｄ后山羊出现了中毒太，怀孕羊流产，中毒羊血液ＡＫＰ活性和ＢＵＮ含量升高，病理组织学检查发现，心，肝，脾，肺，肾，脑等组织器官普遍出现空泡变性。为深入进行冰川棘豆的研究奠定了基础。  相似文献   

8.
牦牛实验性棘豆中毒病理学研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
健康牦牛６头，随机分为毒草全量组（全量饲喂黄花棘豆和甘肃棘豆干草）、毒草半量组（棘豆干草和燕麦干草各半）和对照组（全量饲喂燕麦干草）。试验期间，定期称量体重和进行临床检查，４个月后，剖杀进行病理剖检、病理组织学及超微结构检查。试验发现，两实验组牦牛心、肝、肾、脑、脾及肠系膜淋巴结均有程度不同的病变，其中，小脑蒲肯野氏细胞，肝、肾实质细胞的空泡变性具有明显特征。电镜观察，空泡变性的细胞线粒体肿胀，嵴减少或消失呈空泡样。牦牛发生棘豆中毒的主要临床表现是体重明显降低。  相似文献   

9.
家兔实验性甘肃棘豆中毒的临床症状和病理形态学观察   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
将18只健康成年家兔随机分为3个组,每天分别按每千克体重1、5、10 g剂量饲喂甘肃棘豆,并观察临床症状。待连续饲喂120 d时,处死试验家兔,观察心、肝、肺、肾、大脑、小脑、淋巴结等组织器官病理形态学变化。结果表明,Ⅰ组实验家兔在整个试验期间没有出现明显异常表现,Ⅲ组实验家兔有1只怀孕母兔在试验第18天流产,Ⅱ和Ⅲ组实验家兔从第35天开始出现甘肃棘豆中毒症状。实验家兔病理形态学变化呈现剂量效应关系,随甘肃棘豆染毒剂量的增加而加重,镜检可见主要以肝、肾、脑细胞广泛性空泡变性为特征,特别是脑变化较明显。  相似文献   

10.
通过瘤胃瘘管给6只本地绵羊每天投服宽苞棘豆(10g/kg),全部试验绵羊在试验第17～18d出现轻度中毒症状,第25～30d出现严重的中毒症状。实验第35d的病理组织学变化为神经细胞广泛的空泡变性、卫星现象及嗜神经元现象,肝、肾、心肌等组织细胞颗粒变性和空泡变性。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

16.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

18.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

20.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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