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研究了黄土区优势植物铁杆蒿（Artemisia gmelinii）枯落物对红豆草（Onobrychis viciaefolia）、沙打旺（Astragalus adsurgens）、百脉根（Lotusc corniculatus）和紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）等四种常见豆科牧草种子萌发和幼苗生理特性的化感效应。结果表明：铁杆蒿对这几种豆科牧草的发芽率和发芽势总体上均呈现“低质量浓度促进,高质量浓度抑制”的效应;紫花苜蓿综合化感效应在不同处理中均受到抑制,随着铁杆蒿枯落物含量的增加,抑制作用增强;但红豆草、百脉根和沙打旺的综合化感效应表现出低促高抑的趋势;红豆草和沙打旺在30 g铁杆蒿枯落物浓度时促进效应最强,百脉根在60 g时促进效应最强。以上结果初步表明在有铁杆蒿分布的草地不适合种植以及补播紫花苜蓿,而适当密度的铁杆蒿分布有助于种植以及补播红豆草、百脉根和沙打旺。 相似文献
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本研究采用聚乙二醇（Polyethylene glycol,PEG-6000）模拟干旱胁迫的方法,测定10种生长分布在宁夏煤炭基地的草本植物种子在干旱胁迫下的萌芽率、发芽指数等指标,旨在比较其萌发期的抗旱性。结果表明：不同PEG浓度处理对草本植物种子萌发的影响不同。随着PEG浓度的增加,种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、幼苗胚根长和胚根粗总体上呈降低趋势;其中低浓度PEG（5%）胁迫处理,对沙打旺（Astragalus adsurgens Pall.）的发芽势、沙蒿（Artemisia desertorum Spreng.Syst.Veg.）的发芽率、甘草（Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.）的胚根长以及蜀葵（Althaea rosea（Linn.）Cavan.）的胚根粗等具有明显的促进作用;与对照相比,在PEG浓度为15%的处理下,紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）、蜀葵、白三叶（Trifolium repens L.）的发芽率、发芽势下降幅度最大;PEG浓度为20%时,苦豆子（Sophora alopecuroides L.）、紫花苜蓿、碱蓬（Suaeda glauca （Bunge） Bunge.）、白三叶的发芽率、发芽势下降幅度最大。采用隶属函数法对10种草本植物的萌发期抗旱性进行综合评价,其抗旱性顺序为：甘草 > 草木樨（Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb.） > 碱蓬 > 沙米（Agriophyllum squarrosum （Linn.） Moq.） > 紫花苜蓿 > 苦豆子 > 沙蒿 > 沙打旺 > 蜀葵 > 白三叶。 相似文献
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不同植被措施对露天煤矿排土场边坡径流产沙影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以内蒙古准格尔旗永利露天煤矿排土场边坡为研究对象,采用野外放水冲刷的试验方法,研究不同放水流量下（5,10,15,20 L·min-1）沙打旺（Astragalus adsurgens Pall）条播、沙柳（Salix cheilophila）方格+沙打旺撒播、沙打旺撒播、草木樨（Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb）撒播和紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）撒播等植被措施对边坡径流产沙的影响。结果表明：植被措施坡面入渗率较裸地增大7.55%~192.19%,沙打旺条播和沙柳+沙打旺撒播的入渗率随放水流量的增加而增大,而裸地、沙打旺撒播、草木樨撒播、紫花苜蓿撒播入渗率随着放水流量的增加先增大后减小再增大。植被措施坡面的径流量较裸地减少0.97%~90.49%。放水流量为5~15 L·min-1时,沙打旺减水效果最好,流量为20 L·min-1时,撒播紫花苜蓿减水效益最高。各植被措施的径流量与放水流量均呈显著的幂函数关系。植被措施坡面的产沙量较裸地减小63.45%~93.27%,撒播紫花苜蓿的减沙效果最佳,条播沙打旺次之。各植被措施的产沙量与放水流量均呈显著幂函数关系。结果可为风蚀水蚀交错区露天煤矿排土场边坡植被防护措施的优化配置提供科学指导。 相似文献
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为了探究牧草种子萌发期的抗逆性,本研究使用NaCl和聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)分别模拟盐胁迫(0、0.2%、0.4%、 0.6%和0.8%)和干旱胁迫(0、 5%、 10%、 15%和20%),测定沙打旺(Astragalus adsurgens)、沙蒿(Artemisia desertorum)、黄花草木樨(Melilotus officinalis)和黄花苜蓿(Medicago falcata) 4种供试物种萌发期抗逆性指标(相对发芽率、相对发芽势、相对发芽指数和相对活力指数)。结果表明:1)随着NaCl浓度的增加,种子各指标均呈下降趋势,隶属函数法综合评价结果显示,供试牧草萌发期耐盐性强弱依次表现为黄花苜蓿>沙蒿>黄花草木樨>沙打旺。2)低浓度PEG (5%)胁迫处理,对沙蒿、沙打旺和黄花草木樨3种牧草种子萌发指数具有明显的促进作用;与对照组相比,10%～20%PEG下各指标显著低于对照组(P <0.05);采用隶属函数法分析4种牧草的萌发期抗旱性,强弱依次表现为黄花苜蓿>黄花草木樨>沙蒿>沙打旺。说明黄花苜蓿种子萌发期抗旱性、耐盐性均... 相似文献
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内蒙古阿尔巴斯山羊肉营养成分分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2017,(2)
<正>阿尔巴斯山羊中心产区地处鄂尔多斯市西部鄂托克旗阿尔巴斯苏木,属于荒漠草原地带。干旱少雨,风大沙多,温差大,气候属温带极端大陆气候。主要牧草种类有沙蒿、柠条、锦鸡儿、针茅、芨芨草、旱马莲等,人工种植牧草主要有草木樨、沙打旺、紫花苜蓿等优良牧草。阿尔巴斯山羊是在鄂尔多斯高原特定的寒冷、干旱、风多、沙大的自然环境下形成的优良品种,其肉质细、高铁高蛋白、低脂低胆固醇、氨基酸含量丰富以及无膻味,鲜香爽口,被誉为"肉中人参"。 相似文献
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应用RFV评价鄂尔多斯荒漠草原优势牧草营养价值 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将采自内蒙古鄂尔多斯地区的禾本科牧草3种、豆科牧草3种和菊科牧草3种分别于6月、7月和9月刈割晾干,共制得27个样本。通过应用饲料相对指数(RFV)进行综合评定可知:将6月、7月和9月分别刈割的同一品种牧草混合后,品质最好的为中苜2号,其次是沙打旺,再次是沙蒿,最差的是花棒;同种牧草不同刈割期比较可知:对于禾本科牧草来说,针茅、冰草和中苜2号在不同刈割期营养价值的大小顺序为6月7月9月;对于豆科牧草来说,花棒、沙打旺在不同刈割期营养价值的大小顺序为6月7月9月,但草木樨在不同刈割期营养价值的大小顺序则为6月9月7月;对于菊科牧草来说,沙蒿、猪毛蒿、籽蒿在不同刈割期营养价值的大小顺序为7月6月9月。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献