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3种四环素耐药基因型肉牛肠道大肠杆菌对四环素类抗生素的耐药性分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
以低于治疗水平的氯四环素(CT)及低于治疗水平的氯四环素和治疗水平的氧四环素组合(CT-OX)两种方式分别对肉牛进行抗生素处理,研究其对肠道大肠杆菌耐药基因型的影响。从粪便样品分离大肠杆菌,并通过抗菌药物纸片法和稀释法敏感性试验测试分离出的大肠杆菌对四环素、氧四环素和氯四环素的敏感性。利用针对耐药基因tet(A)、tet(B)和tet(C)的引物对176个四环素耐药或中介的细菌样品进行多重PCR试验,结果发现所有样品均携带一种或两种耐药基因,tet(A)在两组样品中的流行基本相同,但CT组中tet(B)的流行比例显著小于CT-OX组(P<0.05),而tet(C)的流行比例则显著CT-OX组(P<0.05)。同时,在对四环素表现为中介的52个样品检测结果中,发现其中92.3%携带tet(C)基因。另外,最小抑菌浓度值(MICs)结果表明,药物敏感性同时取决于四环素类别和耐药基因型两方面。利用real-time PCR在转录水平上对tet(C)基因进行分析,发现耐药型与中介型并非上游调控造成。对tet(C)基因的测序分析结果发现,耐药型的第1063位碱基由T突变为G。由上述数据可知,对肉牛的四环素饲喂种类可以影响到大肠杆菌的耐药基因流行。 相似文献
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为了更好地了解禽源沙门菌对四环素的耐药性及耐药基因分布,从不同来源的家禽样品中分离沙门菌,调查其对四环素的耐药性以及耐药菌株中8种四环素耐药基因[tet(A)、tet(B)、tet(C)、tet(W)、tet(M)、tet(D)、tet(K)和tet(L)]的携带情况.结果表明,18.8%的沙门菌分离株对四环素耐药,健康成鸡分离株对四环素的耐药性明显高于雏鸡、死胚或病禽分离株;四环素耐药株中tet(A)、tet(B)和tet(M)基因的携带比例分别为73.1%、11.5%和3.8%,说明沙门菌对四环素的耐药机制以tet(A)和tet(B)基因介导的主动外排为主.本研究首次在对四环素耐药的沙门菌中检测到tet(M)基因,说明tet(M)基因在沙门菌对四环素的耐药性方面也具有潜在的作用. 相似文献
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通过对饲喂液体发酵饲料(FLF)以及饲喂干饲料(对照组)的仔猪粪便中提取的360株大肠杆菌进行研究后,发现:断奶时粪中大肠杆菌的数量为8.77×108CFU/g DM,而断奶28d后,饲喂FLF的断奶仔猪粪中乳酸菌的数量增加至1.23×1012CFU/g DM(P0.001)。在抗生素敏感性测试时,我们发现:断奶14d后,两组中分离出的大肠杆菌几乎都表现出金霉素的耐药性,而在断奶28d时,FLF组中的耐药性大肠杆菌含量降低到22.2%,对照组为88.9%;此外,在基因分析中,很明显发现最小抑菌浓度的降低与耐四环素基因tet(A)、tet(B)和tet(D)具有相关性。试验结果表明,饲喂液体发酵饲料可以使肠道中乳酸菌的含量显著增减,并且饲喂液体发酵饲料能减少耐药性细菌存在。 相似文献
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肉鸡屠宰生产链中的沙门氏菌耐药基因检测及耐药相关性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的 ]了解肉鸡屠宰生产链中的沙门氏茵耐药性与耐药基因的相关性。[方法 ]采用微量肉汤稀释法测定最小抑菌浓度(MIC),对从肉鸡屠宰生产链中分离鉴定的233株沙门氏菌进行13种抗生素药敏实验;采用PCR方法检测15种耐药基因。[结果 ]233株肉鸡屠宰生产链中的沙门氏菌对庆大霉素的耐药率最高(100%);对多西环素、氨苄西林、大观霉素、四环素、氟苯尼考、磺胺甲恶唑耐药率分别为84.94%、75.73%、67.78%、56%、52%、50%。233株沙门氏菌中,有231株至少含有1种耐药基因,其中blatem、bla CMY-1、tet B、tet G、tet X、aad A1和cat1基因检出率分别为80.26%、57.94%、54.94%、65.67%、58.37%、63.52%和72.53%。72%的菌株表现为多重耐药,共计57种耐药谱型。[结论 ]肉鸡屠宰生产链中的沙门氏菌对常见抗生素具有不同程度的耐药性,且耐药基因普遍存在于耐药菌株中;药敏实验结果与耐药基因检测结果有很高的一致性。 相似文献
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【目的】通过对山东青岛地区鸭源样品进行四环素类耐药大肠杆菌的分离鉴定,了解其流行分布规律。对耐药菌株进行药敏检测及耐药基因鉴定,研究四环素类耐药大肠杆菌多重耐药率及耐药基因携带情况,为抗生素的合理应用提供理论依据。【方法】以肉鸭泄殖腔拭子及盲肠样本为试验材料,通过四环素选择培养基分离大肠杆菌。采用琼脂稀释法测定耐药菌株对12种抗菌药物的敏感性,通过PCR检测四环素类耐药大肠杆菌携带耐药基因情况,进一步通过接合试验评估tet(X)基因的可转移性,进而对部分tet(X)基因阳性菌株进行全基因组测序,同时探究tet(X)耐药基因的遗传环境特征。【结果】采集的63份样品经分离鉴定,获得48株四环素耐药大肠杆菌,分离率为76.19%。药敏试验结果显示,所有菌株对四环素和土霉素耐药,对多西环素和氟苯尼考耐药率分别为93.75%和89.59%,且对多黏菌素、替加环素及美罗培南耐药率分别为64.58%、16.67%和4.17%;所有菌株均存在多重耐药现象,其中以耐7种药物最多。耐药基因检测结果与耐药情况基本相对应,耐药率高的药物相应耐药基因呈现较高携带率;其中floR、tet(A)、qnrS、mcr-... 相似文献
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牛肉源大肠杆菌的耐药性检测及相关耐药基因分布 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
为了解牛肉源大肠杆菌的耐药性并检测其相关耐药基因分布,本研究选取了117株牛肉源大肠杆菌,经药敏纸片法对11种抗菌药物进行了药敏检测,并根据耐药表型利用普通和(或)多重PCR技术对耐四环素菌中tet(A)、tet(B)和tet(C)基因,耐氨苄西林菌中blaTEM1、blaPSE1和blaOXA1基因,耐链霉素菌中strA-strB、aadA1基因,耐磺胺类药菌中sul1、sul2和sul3基因进行了调查分析。结果显示,117株大肠杆菌对四环素、氨苄西林、链霉素和磺胺异恶唑的耐药率较高,分别为89%、42%、38%和22%。tet(A)基因是所有四环素耐药基因中最为流行的一种基因(55%);在检测的3个β-内酰胺类药物耐药基因中,最流行的为blaTEM1基因(73%);链霉素的耐药性主要由strA-strB基因(38%)编码;sul2基因在耐磺胺异恶唑菌中的检出率最高(77%)。结果表明本次分离的牛肉源大肠杆菌耐药非常严重,进一步肯定了肉牛业生产中抗菌药的使用对大肠杆菌耐药性的产生和发展所发挥的重要作用,提示食品动物养殖应严格控制饲料中抗菌药的滥用。 相似文献
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《畜牧与兽医》2015,(12):94-97
采用琼脂二倍稀释法测定256株水禽大肠杆菌分离株对四环素类药物的敏感性,并通过PCR方法调查分离株携带耐药基因tet A、tet B、tet C和tet M的情况。药敏试验结果表明256株水禽大肠杆菌分离株对四环素和多西环素耐药率分别为92.2%和77.3%。在237株大肠杆菌四环素耐药株中,tet A、tet B、tet C和tet M的携带率分别为49.8%、57.8%、49.4%和40.1%,仅8.0%的耐药株没有检测到4种耐药基因。结果表明:tet A、tet B、tet C和tet M广泛存在于水禽源大肠杆菌中。tet A和tet B对水禽源大肠杆菌四环素耐药株的产生起重要作用,主动外排作用是大肠杆菌对四环素产生耐药性的主要机制。 相似文献
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The aim of the study was to investigate antimicrobial susceptibilities of bovine Helcococcus ovis isolates and to detect genes encoding for H. ovis erythromycin and tetracycline resistance. Twenty-nine isolates were included and the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of seven antimicrobials were determined using test conditions as given in an approved CLSI guideline for the pyridoxal-dependent Abiotrophia spp. and Granulicatella spp. Furthermore, the macrolide resistance phenotype was examined by the erythromycin-clindamycin double-disk test (D-zone test). Erythromycin MICs of ≥ 8 μg/ml were found in three (10%) isolates which also presented the macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B (MLS(B)) resistance phenotype, either constitutive or inducible. The erm(B) gene was detected in one of these isolates. Increased tetracycline MICs (≥ 8 μg/ml) were obtained for 24 (83%) isolates, mostly associated with the tet(M) gene alone (n=21) or both the tet(L) and tet(M) genes (n=2). The MICs determined for penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and cephalothin did not indicate resistance to these antimicrobials. The study suggests that resistance to MLS(B) antimicrobials and tetracycline is frequent in H. ovis. Moreover, this is the first report about occurrence of the resistance genes erm(B), tet(L), and tet(M) in the Helcococcus genus. 相似文献
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Development of antimicrobial resistance in food animals receiving antimicrobials has been well documented among bacterial isolates, especially pathogens, but information on development of antimicrobial resistance at the microbial community level during long-term feeding of antimicrobials is lacking. The objective of this study was to examine the association between inclusion of tylosin in feed and occurrence of resistance to macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLS(B)) in the entire fecal microbial communities of beef cattle over a feeding study of 168 d. A completely randomized design included 6 pens housed together in 1 barn, with each pen housing 10 to 11 steers. The control and tylosin groups each had 3 pens, with the former receiving no antimicrobial whereas the latter received both tylosin and monensin (11 and 29.9 mg/ kg of feed, respectively, DM) in feed. The abundance of genes conferring resistance to MLS(B) (erm genes) and tetracyclines (tet genes) were quantified using class-specific, real-time PCR assays. The abundances of erm and tet genes were analyzed with pens as experimental units using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Correlations between abundance of different resistance genes were calculated using the CORR procedure of SAS. We identified 4 classes (B, F, T, and X) of erm genes in fresh fecal samples collected at wk 2, 17, and 21 of feeding. From wk 2 to 17, the abundance of erm(T) and erm(X) increased (P < 0.05), whereas that of erm(B) and erm(F) did not. The abundance of the erm genes did not further change from wk 17 to 21. The tet(A/C), tet(G), and tet gene variants encoding ribosomal protection proteins (including classes M, O, P, Q, S, T, and W) appeared to be co-selected by tylosin feeding. Such co-selection of multiresistance at community level by one antimicrobial drug used in animals has the important implication that future studies should examine resistance to not only the antimicrobials used in animals, but also other antimicrobials, especially those used in human medicine, to fully assess the potential risk associated with antimicrobial use in animals. Both the erm and tet genes appeared to be disseminated among the microbial populations in all steers housed together. 相似文献
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Jacob ME Fox JT Narayanan SK Drouillard JS Renter DG Nagaraja TG 《Journal of animal science》2008,86(5):1182-1190
Distillers grains, a coproduct of ethanol production from cereal grains, are composed principally of the bran, protein, and germ fractions and are commonly supplemented in ruminant diets. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of feeding wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS) and monensin and tylosin on the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibilities of fecal foodborne and commensal bacteria in feedlot cattle. Cattle were fed 0 or 25% WDGS in steam-flaked corn-based diets with the addition of no antimicrobials, monensin, or monensin and tylosin. Fecal samples were collected from each animal (n = 370) on d 122 and 136 of the 150-d finishing period and cultured for Escherichia coli O157. Fecal samples were also pooled by pen (n = 54) and cultured for E. coli O157, Salmonella, commensal E. coli, and Enterococcus species. Antimicrobial resistance was assessed by determining antimicrobial susceptibilities of pen bacterial isolates and quantifying antimicrobial resistance genes in fecal samples by real-time PCR. Individual animal prevalence of E. coli O157 in feces collected from cattle fed WDGS was greater (P < 0.001) compared with cattle not fed WDGS on d 122 but not on d 136. There were no treatment effects on the prevalence of E. coli O157 or Salmonella spp. in pooled fecal samples. Antimicrobial susceptibility results showed Enterococcus isolates from cattle fed monensin or monensin and tylosin had greater levels of resistance toward macrolides (P = 0.01). There was no effect of diet or antimicrobials on concentrations of 2 antimicrobial resistance genes, ermB or tetM, in fecal samples. Results from this study indicate that WDGS may have an effect on the prevalence of E. coli O157 and the concentration of selected antimicrobial resistance genes, but does not appear to affect antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in Enterococcus and generic E. coli isolates. 相似文献
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Nasal swabs were collected at three time points from 2378 calves in four feedlots and cultured for Histophilus somni to assess genetic relatedness and tetracycline resistance. The proportions of animals carrying tetracycline resistant isolates were 0.32% at arrival, 14.82% at interim, and 0.80% at exit. The 606 H. somni isolates recovered were compared by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), screened for the presence of plasmids, and assessed for the tetracycline resistance genes tet(A), tet(B), tet(C), tet(E), tet(G), tet(H), tet(K), tet(L), tet(M) and tet(O) using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Most of the isolates (98.6%) belonged to one of seven PFGE clusters (A-G) of closely related profiles with 77.7% of the isolates belonging to clusters C and D. Clusters A, B and E were associated with a higher proportion of tetracycline susceptible isolates. Genetic diversity of the isolates was highest at entry in the feedlot and lowest after the period when the animals received in-feed chlortetracycline (interim samples). Clusters A and E were more prominently represented at exit from the feedlot than other clusters. All resistant strains harboured the gene tet(H) while no other tetracycline resistance genes and no plasmids were detected with the methodology employed. It appears that genetic variability in H. somni in Alberta feedlots is low, dissemination likely occurs by clonal expansion, and resistance to tetracyclines is mediated by the tet(H) encoded efflux pump. Pulsotypes associated with tetracycline susceptible strains appear more common at exit suggesting that the in-feed oxytetracycline included throughout the feeding period is not sufficient to exert selective pressure for resistant strains. 相似文献
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One hundred Escherichia coli isolates from diseased and healthy pigs, cattle and broiler chickens were screened for the presence of tetracycline resistance genes tet(A), (B), (C), (D) or (E). The tet(A) gene was the most abundant (71% of the 100 isolates) followed by tet(B) (25%). The predominance of tet(A) and tet(B) applied to all three animal species, and there was no difference between the distribution of tet(A) and tet(B) genes among non-pathogenic and pathogenic E. coli in any of the animal species. The susceptibility of 20 of these isolates together with 10 tetracycline sensitive E. coli and 18 tetracycline resistant and 10 sensitive Enterococcus faecium to tetracyclines and tetracycline degradation products was determined. The resistant isolates showed reduced resistance to anhydrotetracycline, 4-epi-anhydrotetracycline, anhydrochlortetracycline and 4-epi-anhydrochlortetracycline. In general both the tetracycline resistant and susceptible E. faecium were more susceptible to the compounds tested than E. coli. 相似文献
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Quantification of bioavailable chlortetracycline in pig feces using a bacterial whole-cell biosensor
Bacterial whole-cell biosensors were used to measure the concentration of chlortetracycline (CTC) in the feces of pigs. In this study, the Escherichia coli biosensor used has a detection limit of 0.03 mg/kg CTC in pig feces. The tetracycline concentration was correlated with the appearance and maintenance of fecal coliform bacteria resistant to tetracycline. Initially, large quantities of water-extractable CTC were excreted from the pigs and measurable amounts were detected even at 30 days after treatment cessation. This led to a sharp rise in the number of tetracycline resistant coliform bacteria in the feces, to within the same order of magnitude as the total coliform count. The high level of tetracycline resistance was maintained in spite of the declining concentration of tetracycline. 相似文献
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Checkley SL Campbell JR Chirino-Trejo M Janzen ED Waldner CL 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2010,51(8):853-861
A randomized, controlled, blinded clinical trial was performed at a research feedlot in western Canada. Auction-market-derived steers (n = 288) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: 1) no antimicrobials on arrival; 2) oxytetracycline in the starter ration for 14 d; and 3) long-acting oxytetracycline subcutaneously on day 0. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of 7 antimicrobials were determined for 3 generic fecal E. coli isolates per animal on arrival and throughout the feeding period. There was a low prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in generic E. coli isolates from calves on arrival. There were increased proportions of cattle with resistant E. coli isolates early in the feeding period among calves in groups 2 and 3. Individual animal treatments were not associated with increased proportions of cattle with resistant E. coli isolates preslaughter. There was no difference in the proportion of animals with E. coli isolates resistant to tetracycline between the treatment groups preslaughter. However, there were significantly more animals with tetracycline resistant isolates of E. coli preslaughter than at arrival. 相似文献
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Associations of antimicrobial uses with antimicrobial resistance of fecal Escherichia coli from pigs on 47 farrow-to-finish farms in Ontario and British Columbia 
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下载免费PDF全文 Holy T Akwar Cornelis Poppe Jeff Wilson Richard J Reid-Smith Monica Dyck Josh Waddington Dayue Shang Scott A McEwen 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2008,72(2):202-210
This study assessed the associations between antimicrobial use and other management practices in pigs and antimicrobial resistance in generic Escherichia coli recovered from feces of weaner and finisher pigs on 39 purposefully selected farrow-to-finish farms in Ontario and 8 in British Columbia. Antimicrobials (n = 13), most frequently penicillins and tetracycline, wer dministered to different age groups of pigs on study farms through various routes of administration. Logistic regression was used to model risk factors to antimicrobial resistance in fecal E. coli of pigs for the following antimicrobials: ampicillin, apramycin, carbadox, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, neomycin, nitrofurantoin, spectinomycin, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole tetracycline, and cotrimoxazole (trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole). Use of antimicrobials in weaner pigs compared with use in finisher pigs was associated with resistance in most models. There was phenotypic evidence of different mechanisms of resistance selection, including direct selection [use of carbadox was associated with carbadox resistance (OR = 6.48)]; cross-resistance [use of spectinomycin was associated with streptomycin resistance (OR = 2.29)]; and possible co-selection [ceftiofu use was associated with tetracycline resistance (OR = 6.12)]. These results provide further evidence that use of antimicrobials in pigs selects for resistance among fecal E. coli within and between classes of antimicrobials. 相似文献