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本试验建立了微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收法测定兔皮中痕量镉的方法。采用微波消解技术,在阶梯升高温度和加热功率条件下,用硝酸和过氧化氢彻底消解兔皮样品,消解后的样品用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定微量的镉。结果:镉浓度在0～60.0μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数镉r=0.999 8;最低检出限镉为0.036 5mg/kg;对样品进行8次重复性实验,其相对标准偏差为3.147%;镉回收率在97.0%～105.8%之间。该方法具有操作简便、测定快速、准确度高的优点,适合于兔皮中痕量镉的日常批量检测。 相似文献
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微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定9种中兽药散剂中铅含量 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
建立了微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法（GFAAS）测定9种中兽药散剂中铅含量的方法。采用微波消解技术处理样品,对消解溶剂、微波条件以及石墨炉原子吸收法的测定条件进行了优化。结果表明,以HNO3＋HClO4＋H2O2（4＋0.5＋1,V＋V＋V）作为微波消解溶剂最佳,基体改进剂Pd（NO3）2可有效地消除基体的影响。此方法的线性范围为5.00～80.00 ng/mL（r=0.9978）,检出限为0.39 ng/mL,添加回收率为87.1%～96.3%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.9%～6.9%（n=9）,将该方法应用于9种中兽药散剂中铅含量的测定,结果令人满意。 相似文献
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采用微波消解技术处理样品,用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定,对消解溶剂和微波条件进行了优化,研究了石墨炉原子吸收法的测定条件。结果表明,以HNO3+HClO4+H2O2作为微波消解溶剂效果最佳,在基体改进剂NH4H2PO4和Pd(NO3)2存在下,可有效地消除基体的影响,建立了微波-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定鱼粉中镉(Cd)和铬(Cr)的方法,Cd和Cr检出限分别为0.17ng/mL和0.46ng/mL;回收率分别为88.2%～94.1%(RSD:2.7%,n=6)、91.7%～106.2%(RSD:6.6%,n=6)。 相似文献
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本文介绍了一种微波消解-火焰原子吸收法测定饲料中钙的方法,对样品处理、测定方法和最佳条件的选择进行了研究。在测定饲料样品时,由于基体引起的背景吸收比较严重,为此利用自吸进行背景校正,效果比较理想。同时进行高低浓度加标回收测定,低浓度加标回收率为96.7%,高浓度加标回收率为101%。证明该方法完全能满足检测工作需要。 相似文献
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用HG-AFS法测定饲料中的微量汞 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
汞以各种化学形态排入环境,污染空气、水质及土壤,从而导致对食物的污染。畜禽摄入一定量的汞,则会造成神经系统、肾、肝脏等不可逆的损害。因此畜禽配合饲料中总汞的监测十分重要。目前,国家标准规定配合饲料中汞的测定方法为冷原子吸收法,限量指标为小于等于01ｍｇ/ｋｇ。冷原子吸收法曲线线性范围窄,操作繁琐。本文所采用的氢化物原子荧光法,检出限为002ｎｇ/ｍＬ,曲线线性范围宽,精密度及准确度均很理想,是相当实用的微量汞的检测方法。1 检测原理样品经酸加热消解后,在酸性介质中,样品中汞被硼氢化钾(ＫＢＨ4)还原成原子态汞,由载气(… 相似文献
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分别用干法灰化、湿法消解和微波消解3种方法消化技术溶样后，再用原子吸收（AAS）法测定奶粉中铁的含量。实际样品对比分析表明，微波消解的样品前处理技术具有良好的准确度，回收率为96％～106％，相对偏差（n=7）均小于2％。适于奶粉、米粉、豆粉等食品的快速分析。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献